Editing PowerJet SaM146

{{Short description|Aircraft Engines}}
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= SaM 146 
 |image = File:Sam146 1.jpg
 |caption = PowerJet SaM 146 at Paris Air Show 2011
}}
{{Infobox aircraft engine
 |type= [[Turbofan]]
 |national origin = [[France]] and [[Russia]]
 |manufacturer= [[PowerJet]]
 |first run= 2008 <ref>PowerJet SM146 At-A-Glance. [http://www.aviationweek.com/search/programLanding.do?pgId=661&pgName=PowerJet%20SaM146&currentTab=1 Aviation Week Program Profile (subscription required)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831115334/http://www.aviationweek.com/search/programLanding.do?pgId=661&pgName=PowerJet%20SaM146&currentTab=1 |date=2021-08-31 }}. Retrieved: 4 August 2010.</ref> 
 |major applications=[[Sukhoi Superjet 100]]
 |number built = 
 |program cost = 
 |unit cost = 
 |developed from =
 |variants with their own articles = 
}}
|}

The '''PowerJet SaM146''' is a [[turbofan]] engine produced by the [[PowerJet]] joint venture between [[Snecma]] ([[Safran]]) of France and [[NPO Saturn]] of Russia.<ref name="avweek_venture">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationnow.com/avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/08024air.xml|title=Franco-Russian Venture Will Seek To Evolve Into World-Class Engine Player|last=Sparaco|first=Pierre|work=aviationnow.com|date=1 August 2004|accessdate=1 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051110022236/http://www.aviationnow.com/avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news%2F08024air.xml|archive-date=10 November 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> Developing {{convert|68|-|80|kN|abbr=on}} of thrust, the SaM146 is used on the [[Sukhoi Superjet 100]].

Snecma is in charge of the core engine, control system ([[FADEC]]), transmissions (accessory gearbox, transfer gearbox), overall engine integration and flight testing. NPO Saturn is responsible for the components in the low pressure section and engine installation on the Sukhoi Superjet 100 regional aircraft and ground testing.

==Design and development==
[[File:6090SSJ100 for Interjet - Painting the livery (8465013830).jpg|thumb|An SaM146 installed on a [[Sukhoi Superjet 100]]]]

The SaM146 is the outcome of a Franco-Russian joint venture between Safran Aircraft Engines of France and United Engine Corporation (UEC) of Russia. In the joint venture, Saturn, an engine design and manufacturing subsidiary of UEC is responsible for the design and manufacturing of the cold section which includes the fan, the low-pressure turbine and the low-pressure compressor, as well as for the general assembly and testing of the SaM146 engine. Conversely, the area of responsibility for Safran Aircraft Engines which is represented by its subsidiary, Snecma, covers the design and manufacture of the engine core or hot-section - this includes the development of high-pressure compressor, high-pressure turbine, a combustion chamber, an accessory gearbox, electronic engine control and power plant integration. The SaM146 engine and its manufacturing process are certified to the EASA and IAC AR regulations. Deliveries and all after-sales services on the SaM146 are performed by PowerJet.

The SaM146 core design is mainly based on the [[CFM International CFM56|CFM56]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.safran-aircraft-engines.com/commercial-engines/regional-jets/sam146/sam146|title=SaM146|date=May 29, 2015|website=Safran Aircraft Engines}}</ref> The core was developed by [[Snecma]], drawing on its [[Snecma M88|M88]] ‘hot section’ military engine experience and the DEM21 core demonstrator project – with its six-stage compressor and single-stage, high-pressure turbine with [[Active tip-clearance control|active blade-tip clearance control]] – and various other modern design features (such as single-piece bladed disks). The SaM146 utilizes a single-stage high-pressure turbine and as a new design has been developed to meet current and projected environmental standards, including regulations of the [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]] Committee of Aviation Environmental Protection Sixth Session (CAEP VI), set to become effective in 2008.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}. [[Blisk]] technology is used to improve fuel economy and lower maintenance.<ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/om/2010/11/01/OM_11_01_2010_p28-260528.xml&channel=mro "Powering Up Next-Gen Engine MRO"]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} By Bill Burchell, Aviation Week. 2 November 2010</ref>

The SaM146 provides 62 to 77.8KN of thrust (6,200 to 7,700&nbsp;kg). In April 2003, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company selected the SaM146 for its [[Superjet 100]] regional aircraft, to be produced in 75 and 95-seat versions. On 23 June 2010, it was announced that [[European Aviation Safety Agency|EASA]] certified PowerJet for its SaM146 engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/06/23/343595/easa-certifies-powerjet-sam146-for-superjet.html|title=EASA certifies PowerJet SaM146 for Superjet}}</ref> It gained Russian certification in August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/13/346127/superjets-sam146-engine-secures-russian-certification.html|access-date=2010-08-16|title=Superjet's SaM146 engine secures Russian certification}}</ref>

The Sukhoi SuperJet 100 that the SaM146 powers has been marginally successful, being widely operated by several airlines: [[Interjet]] (Mexico), [[Aeroflot]], [[Moskovia Airlines]], [[Yakutia Airlines]], [[Gazpromavia]], [[Centre-South]], [[UTair Aviation]] (Russia), [[Lao Central Airlines]] (Laos) and [[Sky Aviation (Indonesia)|Sky Aviation]] (Indonesia).

By August 2017, the 300th Russian-French SaM146 engine for the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ100) aircraft has been assembled at UEC – Saturn (United Engine Corporation) and delivered to Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company. To date, the SaM146 engine fleet has logged over 700,000 flight hours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviationvoice.com/rostec-assembles-the-300th-sam146-current-engine-for-the-ssj-100-2-201710131018/|title = Rostec Assembles the 300th SaM146 Current Engine for the SSJ 100 - Aviation News|date = 13 October 2017}}</ref>

In 2018 due to SaM146 problems 2 companies scrapped SSJ100 from their fleet: Red Wings and Yakutia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3724712|access-date=2018-08-26|title="Jakutia" didn't survive repair of SSJ100|date=26 August 2018}}</ref>

In September 2018, plans were announced for the [[Beriev Be-200]] amphibian to be re-engined with a variant of the SaM146 for international sale, replacing the [[Progress D-436]] engines which do not have EASA or FAA type certificates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/23316/Russian_French_SaM146_Engine_for_Be_200_Amphibious_aircraft#.W5ho2-hKhEY|access-date=2018-09-11|title=Russian-French SaM146 Engine For Be-200 Amphibious Aircraft}}</ref>

In December 2018, the engine received 120-minute ETOPS approval from Europe’s aviation authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ES|date=2018-12-27|title=Superjet's SaM146 engine receives ETOPS approval SaM146 ETOPS|url=http://www.rusaviainsider.com/superjets-sam146-engine-receives-etops-approval/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Russian Aviation Insider|language=en-US}}</ref>

Poor SSJ100 reliability rate occurs due to a malfunction of Sam-146 engine's combustor after 2000–4000 hours.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2018/11/21/787112-ssj100-malo-letaet|access-date=2019-04-25|title=SSJ100 мало летает из-за дефектов двигателя|date=22 November 2018 }}</ref> The manufacturer is said to be working on modifications to the combustor in a bid to address the issues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ES|date=2018-12-27|title=Superjet's SaM146 engine receives ETOPS approval SaM146 ETOPS|url=http://www.rusaviainsider.com/superjets-sam146-engine-receives-etops-approval/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Russian Aviation Insider|language=en-US}}</ref>

Matters changed in the wake of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian incursion into Ukraine]], since [[International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine|international sanctions]] applied to Russia prohibit sale, supply, transfer or export of aircraft and aircraft parts and technology to Russian entities.<ref name=Sanctions>{{cite web|url= https://www.natlawreview.com/article/corporate-aviation-impact-sanctions-response-to-russia-s-invasion-ukraine |title=Corporate Aviation: Impact of Sanctions in Response to Russia's Invasion of Ukraine|publisher=National Law Review, March 4, 2022|accessdate=March 11, 2022}}</ref>  In late March 2022, PowerJet terminated its contract to provide parts, technical support, engine maintenance, or repair services with regard to the SaM146.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30640-russian-french-company-powerjet-stops-ssj100-engine-service |title=Russian-French company PowerJet stops Sukhoi Superjet 100 engine service|date=31 March 2022 |publisher=AeroTime, March 31, 2022|accessdate= November 20, 2023}}</ref>

==Applications==
[[File:SSJ100 for Interjet - Painting the livery (8465016224).jpg|thumb|Shown with open cowl doors]]
;SaM146 1S17
* [[Sukhoi Superjet 100|Sukhoi Superjet 100/95]]
;SaM146 1S18
* [[Sukhoi Superjet 100|Sukhoi Superjet 100/95LR]]

==Specifications (SaM146-1S18)==
[[File:PowerJet SaM146.JPG|thumb|PowerJet SaM146 at [[Paris Air Show]] 2007]]

{{jetspecs
|<!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
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|ref=<ref>Gas Turbine Engines. ''Aviation Week Aerospace 2010''. [http://www.aviationweek.com/awin/aerospace/showSpecificationPage.do?parameter=displayModelData&modelId=GT325&spec=gas_turbine_engines&manufacturer=133120&progName=PowerJet%20SaM146 (subscription required)]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Retrieved: 4 August 2010.</ref> - Specifications labeled with (*) are from the type certification here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.easa.europa.eu/certification/type-certificates/docs/engines/EASA-TCDS-E.034_PowerJet_S.A._SaM_146_series_engines-02-23112010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523220414/http://easa.europa.eu/certification/type-certificates/docs/engines/EASA-TCDS-E.034_PowerJet_S.A._SaM_146_series_engines-02-23112010.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-23 }}. EASA Type Certificate Data Sheet. 23 June 2010. Retrieved: 4 August 2010.</ref>
|type=Twin spool, [[High-bypass turbofan]]
|length={{convert|3.59|m|in|abbr=on}}
|diameter={{convert|1.22|m|in|abbr=on}}
|weight={{convert|2260|kg|abbr=on}} *SaM146 1S18 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.safran-aircraft-engines.com/commercial-engines/regional-jets/sam146/sam146-1s18|title=SaM146 1S18|date=May 29, 2015|website=Safran Aircraft Engines}}</ref>
|compressor=1 stage fan, 3-stage low pressure, 6-stage high pressure [[axial compressor|axial]]
|combustion=[[Combustor#Annular type|Annular]]
|turbine=1-stage high pressure, 3-stage low pressure
|fueltype=[[Jet fuel|Jet A, Jet A-1]], TS-1, RP (*)
|compression= 28 <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.powerjet.aero/sam146|title=SaM146 &#124; PowerJet|website=www.powerjet.aero|access-date=2021-05-09|archive-date=2014-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108141140/https://www.powerjet.aero/sam146|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|oilsystem=
|power=
|thrust={{convert|71.6|kN|abbr=on|}} *Normal Takeoff (NTO) thrust<br/>{{convert|79.2|kN|abbr=on|}} *Automatic Power Reserve (APR) takeoff thrust SaM146 1S18<ref name="auto"/>

|bypass=4.4:1 <ref name="auto"/>
|aircon=
|turbinetemp=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon= 0.629 lb/lbf-hr (Cruise)<ref name="auto"/>
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=3.5:1
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[CFM International CFM56]]
|similar engines=
* [[General Electric CF34]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney PW6000]]
* [[Progress D-436]]
* [[Rolls-Royce BR700]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft engines]]
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|PowerJet SaM146}}
* [http://www.powerjet.aero/?id=191&selt=1 PowerJet SaM146 product page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924080650/http://www.powerjet.aero/?id=191&selt=1 |date=2015-09-24 }}
* [http://www.powerjet.aero/fichiers/t_downloads/file_29_Press_kit_PowerJet_Aero_India_2009_OK.pdf PowerJet press kit – Aero India 2009 – February 11 - 15, 2009 (pdf)]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.iosotech.com/files/application/Sam146-Stress-Fan-Optimization.pdf Sam146 Fan Stress Characteristics Optimization by IOSO (pdf, 120Kb)]
* [http://www.iosotech.com/files/application/Sam146-Efficiency-Fan-Optimization.pdf Sam146 Fan Efficiency Optimization by IOSO (pdf, 220Kb)]
* [http://www.arabianaerospace.aero/powerjet-defies-its-critics-with-super-perfomance.html The Powerjet chairman speaks about SaM146]

{{Joint development aeroengines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Powerjet Sam146}}
[[Category:High-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Soviet and Russian aircraft engines]]
[[Category:Snecma aircraft engines]]