Editing Prachatice

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Prachatice
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = Town hall in Prachatice in 2011 (3).JPG
| image_caption           = Town square with the town hall
| image_flag              = Flag of Prachatice.svg
| image_shield            = Prachatice znak.svg
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[South Bohemian Region|South Bohemian]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Prachatice District|Prachatice]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|49|0|47|N|13|59|51|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Jan Bauer
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1300
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 38.92
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 561
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2025-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web|title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-t4l3n8d2iw|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2025-05-16}}</ref>
| population_total        = 11119
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 383 01
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.prachatice.eu/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Prachatice''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈpraxacɪtsɛ|-|Cs Prachatice.ogg}}; {{langx|de|Prachatitz}}) is a town in the [[South Bohemian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|urban monument reservation]].

==Administrative division==
Prachatice consists of 12 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Census 2021 – basic data|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4690&katalog=33475&pvo=SLD21043-CO|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2022}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
*Prachatice I (767)
*Prachatice II (9,136)
*Kahov (44)
*Libínské Sedlo (105)
*Městská Lhotka (9)
*Oseky (87)
*Ostrov (109)
*Perlovice (24)
*Podolí (26)
*Stádla (5)
*Staré Prachatice (114)
*Volovice (14)
{{div col end}}

==Etymology==
The name is derived from the old Slavic personal name Prachata, meaning "the village of Prachata's people".<ref name=vp>{{cite web |title=Prachatice Town|url=http://www.visitprachatice.cz/en/prachatice-town/19/|publisher=VisitPrachatice.cz|access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref>

==Geography==
Prachatice is located about {{convert|34|km}} west of [[České Budějovice]]. It lies in the [[Bohemian Forest Foothills]]. The highest point is the Libín mountain at {{convert|1093|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The stream of Živný potok flows through the town. The [[Blanice (Otava)|Blanice]] River flows along the northwestern municipal border.

==History==
[[File:Wenceslas Hollar - Bohemian views 3.jpg|thumb|Engraving from the 17th century]]
[[File:Fortification of Prachatice in 2011 (4).JPG|thumb|Remains of town fortifications]]

===9th–15th centuries===
Prachatice was founded with the beginning of trade on the Golden Trail, an important salt trade route beginning in [[Passau]], [[Bavaria]]. Probably in the 9th or 10th century, a settlement was founded in the area of today's Staré Prachatice ("Old Prachatice") town part.<ref name=shs>{{cite web |title=Prachatice|url=https://www.historickasidla.cz/dr-cs/486-prachatice.html|publisher=Sdružení historických sídel Čech, Moravy a Slezska|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> In the second half of the 12th century, it was acquired by [[Vyšehrad Chapter]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Založení města při obchodní stezce|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/zalozeni%2Dmesta%2Dpri%2Dobchodni%2Dstezce/d-21089/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

When the settlement ceased to suit its purpose, a new settlement was established near the old one at the end of the 13th century. In 1312, Prachatice was first referred to as a town. In 1323, King [[John of Bohemia]] confirmed to the town of Prachatice the right to use the trade route to Passau and to collect customs duties there. Prachatice was fully completed in the 3rd quarter of the 14th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Počátky Prachatic ve světle historických zpráv|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/pocatky%2Dprachatic%2Dve%2Dsvetle%2Dhistorickych%2Dzprav/d-21082|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

During the [[Hussite Wars]] in the 15th century, Prachatice was attacked twice, It was eventually conquered by the [[Hussites]], who killed most of the population. In 1436, after the end of the conflict, Prachatice was granted the status of royal town by King [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], and all its old privileges were confirmed. Only one year later, the town was offered as collateral to Jan Smil of [[Krems an der Donau|Krems]], but it fell under the control of the [[Rosenberg family]] for a short period following Smil's execution in 1439 at [[Český Krumlov]]. [[Oldřich II of Rosenberg]] sold the town almost immediately after the execution, but it again became property of the family in 1501. In the second half of the 15th century, the number of inhabitants increased, and new houses had to be built.<ref>{{cite web |title=15. století – Husitské války|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/15%2Dstoleti%2Dhusitske%2Dvalky/d-21093/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

===16th–20th centuries===
In the 16th century, trade on the trail reached its peak and the town prospered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rozvoj v 16. století|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/rozvoj%2Dv%2D16%2Dstoleti/d-21094/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> The Rosenbergs controlled Prachatice until 1601 when [[Peter Vok of Rosenberg]], the last member of the family, sold the town to Emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] who would again make it a royal town in 1609. It remained firmly under royal control until the [[Bohemian Revolt]] during which it sided with the rebels. However, in 1620, the town was reconquered and connected to the [[Český Krumlov|Krumlov]] manor. After the [[Battle of White Mountain]], Prachatice lost its royal town status and privileges and became the property of the [[House of Eggenberg|Eggenberg]] family though the emperor's troops remained in the town throughout the remainder of the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Later in the war, the town was conquered by the [[Military of the Swedish Empire|Swedish army]], and another large ransom was demanded. In the second half of the 17th century, trade on the Golden Trail declined and never revived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Úpadek v 17. století|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/upadek%2Dv%2D17%2Dstoleti/d-21095/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

The town and the whole Krumlov manor changed hands again in 1719, following the death of Princess Marie Arnoštka of Eggenberg and came under the control of the affluent [[Schwarzenberg family]]. The weak political and economic situation affected the condition of the houses. Old ones were not reconstructed, and new ones were not built.<ref>{{cite web |title=18. století|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/18%2Dstoleti/d-21096/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

Until 1918, the town was part of [[Austria-Hungary]], in the district of the same name, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref>

After 1945, the German population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] as a result of World War II.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|4911
|1880|5682
|1890|5363
|1900|5573
|1910|5779
|1921|5482
|1930|5926
|1950|5130
|1961|5381
|1970|7100
|1980|10354
|1991|11805
|2001|11843
|2011|11203
|2021|10440
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Economy==
There are no large industrial companies. The largest employer based in the town is the hospital. The largest industrial employers are the companies of InTiCa Systems (manufacturer of electronic components) and Reinfurt-ČR (manufacturer of [[ball bearing]]s), both with more than 250 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/res/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>

==Transport==
Prachatice is located on the railway line [[Číčenice]]–[[Stožec|Nové Údolí]].

==Culture==
The town hosts the Golden Salt Path Celebrations every year with a rich cultural program.<ref name=vp/>

==Sights==
[[File:Kostel sv. Jakuba v Prachaticích.jpg|thumb|170px|Church of Saint James the Great]]
The historic centre is formed by Velké Square and adjoining streets, and is delimited by the remains of the town walls. Due to the stagnation of economic life in the 17th and 18th centuries, Prachatice have many [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] buildings, some of then reconstructed in the [[Empire style]]. Since 1981, the historic core of the town has been protected as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|urban monument reservation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dnes – městská památková rezervace|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/dnes%2Dmestska%2Dpamatkova%2Drezervace/d-21099/p1=22907|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

One of the main landmarks of the town centre is the Old Town Hall, a Renaissance building from 1570–1571. The New Town Hall was built in pseudo-Renaissance style in 1903.<ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Průvodce historickým jádrem|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/pruvodce%2Dhistorickym%2Djadrem/d-21100/p1=22908|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

The Church of Saint James the Great near the square is the largest building in the historic centre. It is a late Gothic building first mentioned in 1359. Its final form was achieved by reconstructions between 1505 and 1513.<ref name=sights/>

Dolní Gate ("Lower Gate"; also called ''[[Písek|Písecká]]'') is a preserved element of stone town fortifications, which comes from the first half of the 15th century. The gate is from around 1527 and creates the entrance to the historic centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dolní brána|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/dolni%2Dbrana/d-21103/p1=22908|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{See also|Category:People from Prachatice}}
*[[Christian of Prachatice]] ({{circa|1368}}–1439), astronomer, mathematician and medic
*[[Jan Hus]] ({{circa|1372}}–1415), theologian, philosopher and reformer, studied here
*[[John Neumann]] (1811–1860), first American male saint
*[[Miroslav Soukup]] (born 1965), footballer and football manager
*[[Adolf Zika]] (born 1972), photographer
*[[David Horejš]] (born 1977), football player and manager
*[[Kateřina Nash]] (born 1977), cross-country skier and cyclist
*[[Lucie Sekanová]] (born 1989), athlete

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}
Prachatice is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/partnerska-mesta/ds-1414|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagdeco|GEO}} [[Akhmeta Municipality|Akhmeta]], Georgia<ref>{{cite web |title=Nové partnerské město|url=https://www.prachatice.eu/nove-partnerske-mesto/d-47558|publisher=Město Prachatice|language=cs|date=2024-11-15|access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole]], Italy
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Grainet]], Germany
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Ignalina District Municipality|Ignalina]], Lithuania
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Impruneta]], Italy
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Mauthausen, Upper Austria|Mauthausen]], Austria
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Waldkirchen]], Germany
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Zvolen]], Slovakia
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Prachatice}}
*{{official|https://www.prachatice.eu/}}
*[https://visit.prachatice.eu/ Official tourist portal]

{{Prachatice District}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Prachatice District]]
[[Category:Prácheňsko]]
[[Category:Bohemian Forest]]