Editing President of Colombia

{{short description|Head of state and government of Colombia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{About|the president of the Republic of Colombia|a list|List of presidents of Colombia}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = President
| body = the<br>Republic of Colombia
| native_name = {{smaller|{{nobold|{{lang|es|Presidente de la República de Colombia}}}}}}
| flag = New-Flag-of-the-President-of-Colombia.svg
| flagsize = 125
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of the president of Colombia|Presidential flag]]
| insignia = Logo_presidencia_de_Colombia_(2022-2026).png
| insigniasize = 100
| insigniacaption = [[Presidency of Gustavo Petro|Administrative seal]]
| image = Presidente Gustavo Petro U.jpg
| incumbent = [[Gustavo Petro]]
| incumbentsince = 7 August 2022
| department = [[Government of Colombia]]<br>[[Executive Branch of Colombia]]
| style = [[Mr. President (title)|Mr. President]] (informal)<br>[[The Honourable|The Honorable]] (formal)<br>[[Excellency|His Excellency]] (diplomatic)
| type = [[Head of state]]<br>[[Head of government]]<br>[[Commander-in-chief]]
| abbreviation = PDTE-CO
| member_of = [[Cabinet of Colombia|Cabinet]]<br>[[Government of Colombia|National Government]]<br>National Economic Council
| residence = [[Casa de Nariño]]
| seat = [[Bogotá, D.C.]]
| appointer = [[Elections in Colombia|Popular vote]] or via succession
| termlength = Four years,
| termlength_qualified = non renewable
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Colombia]] (1991)
| succession = [[Colombian presidential line of succession|Line of succession]]
| formation = {{start date and age|1819|12|17|p=1|br=1}}
| first = [[Simón Bolívar]]
| deputy = 
| salary = [[Colombian peso]]s 32,624,000/US$ 6,847 monthly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.co/colombia/sabe-usted-cuanto-gana-el-presidente-de-colombia-195435|publisher=El Universal |title=¿Sabe usted cuánto gana el presidente de Colombia?|date=30 May 2015 }}</ref>
| website = [http://www.presidencia.gov.co/ presidencia.gov.co]
}}
{{Politics of Colombia}}

The '''president<!--"president" is uncapitalized here because it is preceded by modifier "The", per [[MOS:JOBTITLES]] bullet 3 and table column 2 example 1. Any proposal for modification to the guideline should be posted at its talk page, [[WT:MOSBIO]].--> of Colombia''' ('''President of the Republic''') is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of [[Colombia]]. The president heads the executive branch of the [[Government of Colombia|national government]] and is the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Military Forces of Colombia]].

The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the first president, [[Simón Bolívar]], took office in 1819. While presidential power has waxed and waned over time, the presidency has played an increasingly important role in Colombian political life since the early 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of [[Álvaro Uribe]].

The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the [[Congress of Angostura]], convened in December 1819, when Colombia was the "''[[Gran Colombia]]''". The first president, General [[Simón Bolívar]],<ref>Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 15, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983</ref> took office in 1819. His position, initially self-proclaimed, was subsequently ratified by Congress.

The president is directly elected through Universal Suffrage for a period of four years, along with the [[Vice President of Colombia|vice president]]. According to [[Constitution of Colombia|article 125 of the constitution]], ratified in 2018, no person who has been elected for a presidential term can be elected for a second. In addition, three vice presidents have become president by virtue of the death or resignation of a president during the term. In total, 34 people have served in [[List of presidents of Colombia|36 presidencies]] that span 48 four-year terms, with [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]], [[Álvaro Uribe]] and [[Juan Manuel Santos]] being the only ones with double terms, in the case of López Pumarejo non-consecutive. [[Gustavo Petro]] is the 34th and current president, having [[Inauguration of Gustavo Petro|assumed office]] on 7 August 2022.

== Executive powers ==
===Commander-in-chief===
One of the most important executive powers is the role of the president as [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Military Forces of Colombia|Colombian Military Forces]]. The power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, but the president has ultimate responsibility for the direction and disposition of the [[armed forces]]. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the president as [[commander in chief]] has been ratified in article 189<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constitucioncolombia.com/titulo-7/capitulo-1/articulo-189|title=Artículo 189|access-date=April 17, 2023|date=August 7, 1991|website=[[Constitution of Colombia]]}}</ref> of the [[Constitution of Colombia|Constitution]], where it is described that the president has the function of directing the public force and disposing of it as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. of the Republic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.senalcolombia.tv/general/presidente-jefe-fuerzas-militares|title=¿Por qué el Presidente es el jefe de las Fuerzas Armadas?|access-date=April 14, 2023|date=April 27, 2022|last=Jáuregui Sarmiento|first=David|newspaper=señalcolombia.tv}}</ref>

===Administrative powers===
The [[Executive Branch]] is responsible for executing, in a coordinated manner, all the administrative activities that are at the service of the general interests of the community for the fulfillment of the essential purposes of the [[State (polity)|State]]. It is represented by the President of the Republic, who symbolizes [[national unity]], is the [[head of state]], [[head of government]] and supreme administrative authority.

The [[Government of Colombia|National Government]] is formed by the President of the Republic, the ministers of the office and the directors of administrative departments. The President and the corresponding [[Minister (government)|Minister]] or [[Director (business)|Director]] of the Department, in each particular business, constitute the Government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/manual-estado/ejecutiva-orden-nacional.php|title=Rama Ejecutiva del Orden Nacional|access-date=April 17, 2023|date=March 7, 2023|website=funcionpublica.gov.co}}</ref>

===Judicial powers===
The responsibility of judging the president of the republic is found in the [[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|Supreme Court of Justice]], the main body in the event that the president is taken to Political Trial, within the actions of the Supreme Court there will be 7 of which are, Judge the President of the Republic or whoever acts in his place and the senior officials referred to in article 174, for any punishable act imputed to them, in accordance with article 175 numerals 2 and 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constitucioncolombia.com/titulo-8/capitulo-2/articulo-235|title=Artículo 235|access-date=April 17, 2023|date=August 7, 1991|website=[[Constitution of Colombia]]}}</ref>

===Foreign affairs===
it requires the president to "receive the ambassadors." This clause, known as the Reception Clause, has been interpreted to imply that the president possesses broad power over matters of foreign policy, and endorses the exclusive [[authority]] of the president to grant recognition to a foreign government. The Constitution also empowers the president to appoint [[Colombia]]n [[ambassadors]] and to propose and mainly negotiate agreements between Colombia and other [[countries]]. Such agreements, upon receiving the advice of the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)|minister of foreign affairs]], become binding with the force of national law.

While foreign affairs have always been an important element of presidential responsibilities, technological advances since the adoption of the [[Constitution of Colombia|Constitution]] have increased presidential power. Where previously [[ambassador|ambassadors]] were vested with significant power by the president to negotiate independently on Colombia's behalf, presidents now routinely meet directly with leaders of foreign countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constitucioncolombia.com/titulo-7/capitulo-1/articulo-189|title=Artículo 189|access-date=April 17, 2023|date=July 20, 1991|website=[[Constitution of Colombia]]}}</ref>

== Leadership roles ==
As [[head of state]], the president is the visible face of Colombia's [[domestic policy|domestic]] and [[foreign policy]]. In his role as leader, one of his aspects is to represent and safeguard the international image of the country, since 1934, the year in which it was officially created, it is the protocol office of the [[First Lady of Colombia|First Lady]], she is the one who is in charge of accompanying the president at his receptions. and state visits abroad, gaining more importance over time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/manual-estado/ejecutiva-orden-nacional.php|title=Rama Ejecutiva del Orden Nacional|access-date=April 26, 2023|date=July 20, 2023|website=funcionpublica.gov.co}}</ref>

The president of Colombia symbolizes the National Unity, and after taking an oath to the [[Constitution of Colombia]] and swearing to defend and protect the nation's laws, he is charged to guarantee and protect the rights and liberties of all Colombian nationals.<ref name=Dapre>{{cite web|title=Departamento Administrativo de la Presidencia de la República: Nuestra Entidad|language=es|url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/dapre}}</ref>

The [[Administrative Department of the Presidency of Colombia]] has the commission to assist or support the president of Colombia on its constitutional mandated functions and legal issues.<ref name=Dapre />

Article 115 states that the [[Government of Colombia|National Government]] is formed by the president of Colombia, the [[Vice President of Colombia|vice president of Colombia]], the [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia]] and the Directors of the [[Administrative Departments of Colombia]]. Any official from these entities constitute the [[Government of Colombia]] in any particular business.{{fact|date=April 2022}}

Any act by the president of Colombia, in order to be legal and enforceable, must be sanctioned by any of the [[ministries of Colombia|ministries]] or department directors, who will also be held responsible for the act. The only exception is if the president appoints or removes ministers, administrative departments' directors and any other officials appointed by him under his administrative authority. Governors of the [[Departments of Colombia]], mayors of [[Municipalities of Colombia]], as well as regional superintendents of Colombia, public establishments and industrial and commercial state owned enterprises, are all part of the [[executive branch of Colombia]].{{fact|date=April 2022}}

== Selection process ==
===Eligibility===
The president must be a [[natural-born citizen]] of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The [[Constitution of Colombia]] requires the president to meet the same [[Passive suffrage|eligibility]] requirements as the president that can be re-elected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Comp/Ejecutivo/Presidencia/requisitos.html|title=Requisitos para ser candidato presidencial|website=pdba.georgetown.edu|access-date=February 27, 2023|date=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cne.gov.co/la-entidad/resena-historica|title=Reseña Histórica|access-date=February 27, 2023|date=August 8, 2020|website=cne.gov.co}}</ref>

* be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]]
* be a at least 30 years old

===Campaigns and nomination===
The modern presidential campaign begins before primary elections, which political parties use to clear the field of candidates before their national nominating conventions, where the most successful candidate is the party's or coalition's presidential candidate. In general, the presidential candidate of the party or, failing that, the coalition of parties chooses a candidate for the vice-presidency, generally being the second with the highest number of votes in the convention. The most common previous profession of presidents is that of a lawyer.

===Election===
The president and vice president serve a term of office of four years after being elected by [[Direct election|popular vote]]. Since 2015, the president has been barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term.<ref>{{cite news |last1=L |first1=Elizabeth Reyes |title=Colombian lawmakers approve a one-term limit for presidents |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2015/06/04/inenglish/1433416990_898964.html |work=EL PAÍS English Edition |date=4 June 2015 |language=en-us}}</ref>

From 1910 to 2005, the president was limited to a single term. However, on 24 November 2005, the [[Congress of Colombia|Colombian Congress]] introduced the [[Electoral Guarantees Law]] (Ley de Garantias Electorales), which modified Article 152, of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991]] and allowed a president to run for a second term. The President or Vice President running for re-election was required to formally notify the [[National Electoral Council of Colombia|National Electoral Council]] and guarantee a fair competition for the other contenders. Participation of acting officials in political proselytism was standardized. Presidents or vice presidents not running for office were barred from participating on political proselytism. If one or both were running, they could only engage in political activity four months before the [[primary elections]]. Also, if the president and/or vice president were running for office, they could participate in their [[List of political parties in Colombia|political party]]'s selection mechanism to postulate candidates. In 2010, the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia]] threw out a planned referendum to allow presidents to run for three consecutive terms. It ruled that Colombian presidents could only serve two terms, even if they are nonconsecutive.<ref>{{cite book |title=The World Today Series: Latin America 2010 |last=Buckman |first=Robert T. |year=2010 |publisher=Stryker-Post Publications |location=[[Harpers Ferry, West Virginia]] |isbn=978-1-935264-12-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/latinamerica201000robe }}</ref> In 2015, a constitutional amendment repealed the 2004 changes and reverted to the original one-term limit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitución Política de 1991 (Artículo 197)|url=http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/constitucion_politica_1991_pr006.html#197|publisher=Secretaría General del Senado}}</ref>

===Inauguration===
{{Main|Colombian presidential inauguration}}
The inauguration of the President is made up of various ceremonies and traditions carried out on August 7 every four years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/elecciones-2022/actualidad-electoral/cuando-se-posesiona-el-presidente-de-colombia-2022-252724|title=Las razones por las que la ceremonia es el día de la Batalla de Boyacá y no en otra fiesta patria.|access-date=4 December 2022|date=15 June 2022|website=eltiempo.com}}</ref> Through democratic elections or coups, resignations and deaths, presidential inaugurations<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcnradio.com/colombia/asi-vivi-la-posesion-presidencial-un-dia-historico-detras-de-camaras|title=Así viví la posesión presidencial, un día histórico detrás de cámaras|access-date=11 November 2022|date=12 August 2022|website=rcnradio.com}}</ref> have been important events in the history of Colombia, which at the same time mark the beginning of new eras.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcnradio.com/politica/gustavo-petro-viajara-a-la-sierra-nevada-de-santa-marta-antes-de-posesionarse|title=Gustavo Petro viajará a la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta antes de posesionarse|access-date=11 November 2022|date=4 August 2022|website=rcanradio.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senalmemoria.co/articulos/7-de-agosto-batallas-posesiones|title=Más allá de una batalla, los actos presidenciales del 7 de agosto|access-date=17 August 2022|date=7 August 2022|website=señalmemoria.co}}</ref>

===Presidential sash===
{{Main|Colombian presidential sash}}
The presidential sash is considered [[Symbol|symbolic]], which determines the figure of the president, there are no official records, but the first [[presidential sash]] was introduced by [[Antonio Nariño]], who simulated the [[State decoration|decoration sash of order]], over the years it has had different designs being one of the most characteristic, its first design that only consisted of the 3 colors of the [[Flag of Colombia|national flag]], currently the presidential sash consists of the colors of the flag in the same order with the only difference that it consists of the [[Coat of Arms of Colombia|coat of arms]] in the central part, emulating the [[Flag of the President of Colombia|presidential flag]]

==Incumbency==
===Residence===
[[File:Casa-narino-1-fachada.jpg|thumb|325x325px|Casa de Nariño]]
Currently the [[official residence]] of the Colombian president is the [[Casa de Nariño]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/CasaNarino/Paginas/Casa_de_Narino.aspx|title=La Casa de Nariño |access-date=February 14, 2012|publisher=Presidencia de la República de Colombia|website=wsp.presidencia.gov.co}}</ref> While in office, the president has the right to use its facilities and personnel, including medical care, recreation, domestic services, and security services. The first presidential palace where [[Simón Bolívar]] dispatched after [[Colombian Declaration of Independence|Independence of Colombia]] was the former Palace of the Viceroys, which was located on the western side of the [[Plaza de Bolívar|Plaza Mayor]] of [[Bogotá]] (where the [[Palacio Liévano]] is currently located).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.co/descargas/Bicentenario2010.pdf|title=Bicentenario en Bogotá 1810-2010|page=95-97|publisher=Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá |access-date=14 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111150/http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.co/descargas/Bicentenario2010.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2014}}</ref> The 1827 earthquake left the property partially destroyed, for which reason the presidential office and the official residence were moved to the [[Palacio de San Carlos (Bogotá)|Palacio de San Carlos]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=14 February 2012|archive-date=16 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716015554/http://www.culturarecreacionydeporte.gov.co/portal/bogotanitos/curiosidades/palacios|publisher=Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo|title=Bogotá y sus palacios|url=http://www.culturarecreacionydeporte.gov.co/portal/bogotanitos/curiosidades/palacios}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> In 1885, the president [[Rafael Núñez (politician)|Rafael Núñez]] ordered the purchase of the house where [[Antonio Nariño]] was born to use it as an official residence.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=30 January 2011|publisher=Presidencia de la República|title=Reseña histórica de la Casa de Nariño|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/CasaNarino/Paginas/Casa_de_Narino.aspx}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> In 1906, the architect [[Gastón Lelarge]] transformed the property into the Palacio de la Carrera and in 1979 the architect Fernando Alsina remodeled the building to the current [[Casa de Nariño]] and designed the Plaza de Armas that left it directly connected to the [[National Capitol]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=14 February 2012|archive-date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207145138/http://www.uniandes.edu.co/la-universidad/campus-y-entorno/entorno/sedes-de-gobierno|publisher=Universidad de Los Andes|title=Sedes de gobierno|url=http://www.uniandes.edu.co/la-universidad/campus-y-entorno/entorno/sedes-de-gobierno}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

The House of Illustrious Guests in the city of [[Cartagena de Indias]] is the house where the Colombian president receives international guests.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090226222318/http://www.absolut-colombia.com/casa-de-huespedes-ilustres-de-cartagena/ Casa de Huéspedes Ilustres de Cartagena]}}</ref> Likewise, the President has the Hato Grande country estate, located in [[Sopó]], [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] as a resting place, which belonged to General [[Francisco de Paula Santander]] and was later acquired by the businessman from Antioquia [[José María Sierra|Pepe Sierra]], whose family donated it to the national government.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=10 March 2012|publisher=El Tiempo|title=Historia de la Hacienda Hatogrande|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3400882}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

===Travel ===
[[File:Columbia Air Force Boeing B737-74V(BBJ) FAC 0001 (4391486421).jpg|thumb|[[Boeing Business Jet]].]]
When traveling within Colombia or abroad, the President of the Republic uses the presidential plane identified with the registration [[Colombian Air Force One|FAC 0001]], (a [[Boeing 737]] Business Jet BBJ class). The president also uses two helicopters in [[VIP]] configuration, a [[Bell 412]] with the registration FAC 0004 and a [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60 Black Hawk]] with the registration FAC 0007.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 June 2012|publisher=Fuerza Aérea Colombiana|title=Comandante de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana Asiste a la Celebración de los 100 años del Periódico “El Colombiano”|url=http://www.fac.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=70622}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

=== Protection ===
[[File:Cambio de Guardia.jpg|thumb|The [[37th Infantry Presidential Guard Battalion|Colombian presidential guard]] changing the guard]]
On December 7, 1927, President [[Miguel Abadía Méndez]] signed a decree officially founding the Presidential Guard.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://web.presidencia.gov.co/sp/2008/agosto/15/01152008.html |title=::SP NOTICIAS - Presidencia de la República de Colombia:: |website=web.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217002443/http://web.presidencia.gov.co/sp/2008/agosto/15/01152008.html |archive-date=17 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On August 16, 1928, the battalion was given its current name, with its first commander being Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Perea Sanclemente. Memorable actions of this battalion are remembered such as the protection given to the president during the violent acts of the Bogotazo (April 9, 1948) and during the [[Palace of Justice Siege]] on November 6, 1985.<ref name="auto"/> Resolution 3446 of August 17, 1955, created the medallion “Guardia Presidencial” and Decree 1880 of 1988 ruled the award merits for this prize given to the distinguished members of the battalion for their loyalty, service and good behavior.

Since August 16, 1928, the security of the president has been in the hands of the [[37th Infantry Presidential Guard Battalion|Presidential Guard]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Página No Encontrada |url=https://www.ejercito.mil.co/404.php |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Ejército Nacional de Colombia |language=es |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128060431/https://www.ejercito.mil.co/404.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> who also has the mission of maintaining the security of the president, [[First family of Colombia|his family]] and his official residence, the [[Casa de Nariño]]. Since 1958 it was given to the Presidential Guard Battalion, a sui generis organization in the [[National Army of Colombia|National Army]], with a representation of the four arms and its units were called [[Infantry]], [[Cavalry]], [[Artillery]] and [[Engineers]].

==See also==
*[[List of presidents of Colombia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.presidencia.gov.co/ Presidencia de la Republica de Colombia] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Comp/Ejecutivo/Presidencia/requisitos.html Georgetown University – Requisites to be President of Colombia]

{{Colombia topics}}
{{Heads of state of Colombia}}
{{South America topic|state=collapsed|prefix=List of presidents of|countries_only=yes}}
{{Heads of State of the South America}}

[[Category:Presidents of Colombia| ]]
[[Category:Government of Colombia]]
[[Category:Presidency of Colombia]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in Gran Colombia]]