Editing Presidium

{{Short description|Type of governing body}}
{{redirect|Praesidium|the former Catholic diocese|Praesidium (bishopric)|the former town in Tunisia|Praesidium Diolele|the former town in Egypt|Fayfa}}

A '''presidium''' or '''praesidium''' is a council of [[executive officer]]s in some countries' political [[deliberative assembly|assemblies]] that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual [[President (government title)|president]] or in place of one. The term is also sometimes used for the governing body of European [[#Non-state organisations|non-state organisations]].

==Communist usage==
In [[Communist states]] the presidium is the permanent committee of the legislative body.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of PRESIDIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/presidium |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> The [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] existed after 1936, when the [[Supreme Soviet of the USSR]] supplanted the [[Congress of Soviets of the USSR]], as a replacement for the [[Central Executive Committee of the USSR|Central Executive Committee]] which was headed by "the [[Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the USSR|Presidium of the Central Executive Committee]]". In its place was the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] alone, no Central Executive Committee, and from 1938 to 1989, the [[Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR|Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] was the formal title of the head of state of the USSR until the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet was introduced in 1989, later to be replaced by the [[President of the Soviet Union]] in March 1990. The [[Republics of the Soviet Union]] were each led by Presidiums, such as the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] and the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]], whose chairmen were the ''de facto'' head of state in those republics.

From 1952 to 1966, the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] was known as the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, but despite the similarity in name with the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]], the two Presidia were very different in power and function.

The term ''presidium'' is currently used in the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] ([[Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly]]) and in the [[People's Republic of China]] ([[Presidium of the National People's Congress]], [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]; the Chinese word for ''presidium'' is {{lang|zh|主席团}} while ''standing committee'' is {{lang|zh|常务委员会}}). In the same way, the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] is led by the [[Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea]], made up of 5 members or fewer.

== Other usage ==
=== Asian countries ===
==== Bangladesh ====
In the [[Bangladesh]]i political party [[Awami League]], the Presidium is the innermost or topmost circle of members who are of highest importance within the party.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.albd.org/index.php/en/party/organisatio |website=Bangladesh Awami League |title=Organisation }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

=== European countries ===
==== Germany ====
In [[Germany]], the [[Presidium of the Bundestag]] consists of a [[President of the Bundestag|president]], who traditionally represents the largest party group, and at least one vice president from each party group. It is responsible for the legislature's routine administration, nowadays including its clerical and research activities. The [[Bundesrat of Germany]] is also led by a [[Presidium of the Bundesrat|Presidium]], of a President and 2 deputies. Earlier German states also had parliaments led by Presidiums; see [[Presidium of the Reichstag (German Empire)]], [[Presidium of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)]], [[Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)]] and [[Presidium of the Volkskammer]] in [[East Germany]].

==== Norway ====
In the Parliament of Norway, the {{lang|no|[[Storting]]}} is led by a [[Storting#Presidium|Presidium]], consisting of a [[List of Presidents of the Storting|President]] and 5 vice-presidents. 

==== Sweden ==== 
The Swedish {{lang|sv|[[Riksdag]]}} is also led by a [[Riksdag#Presidium|Presidium]] consisting of a [[Speaker of the Riksdag|Speaker]] and 3 deputies. 

==== Greece ====
The [[Hellenic Parliament]] in Greece is led by a [[Presidium of the Hellenic Parliament|Presidium]] composed of the [[Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament|Speaker]], 7 deputies, 3 deans and 6 secretaries.

==== Poland ====
In [[Poland]], the [[Sejm]] is led by the ''Prezydium'', made up of the [[Marshal of the Sejm|Marshal]] and the Deputy Marshals of the Sejm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Standing Orders of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP20210000483/O/M20210483.pdf |website=Internet System of Legal Acts |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref> The Head of the Chancellery of the Sejm also attends the meetings of the Presidium in an advisory capacity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prezydium Sejmu |url=https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/page.xsp/prezydium_sejmu |website=Sejm RP |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref> The Presidium of the [[Senate of the Republic of Poland]] is similarly made up of the [[Marshal of the Senate|Marshal]] and Deputy Marshals of the Senate. The Senate may elect no more than 4 Deputy Marshals, whilst in the Sejm the number of Deputy Marshals is determined at the pleasure of the house.

=== Non-state organisations ===
The Presidium of the [[Socialist International]] advises its president and prepares questions for consideration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialistinternational.org/viewArticle.cfm?ArticleID=27 |title=Statutes |publisher=[[Socialist International]] }}</ref> In Flemish and Scandinavian student organisations, ''presidium'' is an umbrella term for all the chairmen in the organisations' administration.<ref>[https://ufsverige.org/en/apply-to-the-ufs-presidium-of-24-25/ ''Apply to the UFS presidium of 24/25!''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627000847/https://ufsverige.org/en/apply-to-the-ufs-presidium-of-24-25/ |date=2024-06-27 }}. [[Swedish Association of International Affairs]].</ref>

A Presidium headed by a president, elected together quinquennially, governs the [[International Association of Wagner Societies]].<ref>[https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100067485 International Association of the Wagner Societies]. [[Union of International Associations]].</ref>

==See also==
* [[Office of the President (disambiguation)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Types of organization]]
[[Category:Politics of North Korea]]
[[Category:Politics of the People's Republic of China]]