Editing Process gain

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[[Image:Processinggain.jpg|thumb|400px|Resistance of spread-spectrum system against narrowband interference]]

In a [[spread-spectrum]] system, the '''process gain''' (or "processing gain") is the ratio of the spread (or RF) bandwidth to the unspread (or baseband) bandwidth. Research suggests that it is one of the important factors in making decisions over the performance of system in jamming environment.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Deshmukh | first=Sanjay | last2=Bhosle | first2=Udhav | title=Performance Evaluation of Spread Spectrum System Using Different Modulation Schemes | journal=Procedia Computer Science | volume=85 |year=2016 | doi=10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.207 | page=178| doi-access=free }}</ref>

It is usually expressed in [[decibel]]s (dB). For example, if a 1&nbsp;kHz signal is spread to 100&nbsp;kHz, the process gain expressed as a numerical ratio would be {{val|100000}}/{{val|1000}} = 100. Or in decibels, 10 log<sub>10</sub>(100) = 20&nbsp;dB.

Note that process gain does not reduce the effects of wideband thermal noise. It can be shown that a direct-sequence spread-spectrum ([[DSSS]]) system has exactly the same bit error behavior as a non-spread-spectrum system with the same modulation format.  Thus, on an [[additive white Gaussian noise]] (AWGN) channel without interference, a spread system requires the same transmitter power as an unspread system, all other things being equal.

Unlike a conventional communication system, however, a DSSS system does have a certain resistance against narrowband interference, as the interference is not subject to the process gain of the DSSS signal, and hence the signal-to-interference ratio is improved.

In [[frequency modulation]] (FM), the processing gain can be expressed as

:<math>G_\text{p} = \cfrac{1.5 B_\text{n} (\Delta f)^2}{W^3},</math>

where:
: ''G''<sub>p</sub> is the processing gain,
: ''B''<sub>n</sub> is the [[Noise (telecommunications)|noise]] bandwidth,
: Δ''f'' is the peak frequency deviation,
: ''W'' is the sinusoidal modulating frequency.

==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Process Gain}}
[[Category:Signal processing]]


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