Editing Procida

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{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Procida
| official_name       = Comune di Procida
| native_name         = {{lang|nap|Proceta}}
| image_skyline       = Corricella 2016, Procida (2).jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_caption       = 
| image_shield        = 
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|40.758333|N|14.016667|E|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Campania]]
| metropolitan_city   = [[Metropolitan City of Naples|Naples]] (NA)
| frazioni            = Vivara
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = Raimondo Ambrosino
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 4.1
| population_footnotes = <ref>Population data from [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]</ref>
| population_total    = 10596
| population_as_of    = 31 December 2010
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Procidani
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 15
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = [[St. Michael]]
| day                 = September 29
| postal_code         = 80079
| area_code           = 081
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.procida.na.it/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Procida''' ({{IPA|it|ˈprɔːtʃida|lang}}; {{langx|nap|Proceta}}) is one of the [[Phlegraean Islands]] off the coast of [[Naples]] in southern [[Italy]]. The island is between [[Cape Miseno]] and the island of [[Ischia]]. With its tiny satellite island of [[Vivara]], it is a {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) of the [[Metropolitan City of Naples]], in the region of [[Campania]].

==Etymology==
The island derives its name from the [[Latin]] name ''Prochyta''. Προχύτη/Prochýtē means 'poured out' in [[Ancient Greek]]. According to another theory, ''Prochyta'' comes from the Ancient Greek [[verb]] ''prokeitai'', meaning 'it lies forth', because of the appearance of the island seen from the sea.

==Geography==
Procida is located between Capo Miseno and the island of [[Ischia]]. It is less than {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|1}}. Its coastlines, very jagged, are {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The ''Terra Murata'' hill is the highest point on the island ({{convert|91|m|ft}}).
 
[[geology|Geologically]], Procida was created by the [[eruption]] of four [[volcano]]es, now [[dormant volcano|dormant]] and submerged.

==History==

===Ancient history===
Some [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean Greek]] objects from the 16th to 15th centuries BC have been found on Procida. Traces have also been found on [[Vivara]], an islet off the southwest coast of Procida. The first historically attested [[Greek people|Greek]] settlers arrived from the Aegean to this island during the 8th century BC, followed by other Greeks of [[Magna Graecia]] coming from nearby [[Cuma (Italy)|Cuma]].

The island is mentioned by the Roman satirist, [[Juvenal]], in Sat. 3, 5, as a barren place. Later, during [[Roman Empire|Roman rule]], Procida became a renowned resort for the [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] class of Rome.

===Middle Ages===
After the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] reconquest in the [[Gothic Wars (6th century)|Gothic Wars]], Procida remained under the jurisdiction of the [[Duke of Naples]]. The continual devastation first by the [[Vandals]] and [[Goths]], and later by the [[Saracens]], pushed the population to resettle in a fortified village typical of [[medieval]] times. The population was sheltered by a cape, naturally defended by walls that peaked on the sea that were later fortified, thus acquiring the name of ''Terra Murata'' ("walled land").

Testimonies from this period are from those who staffed the [[watchtower (fortification)|watchtowers]] on the sea, which became the symbol of the island. With the [[Normans|Norman]] conquest of [[Southern Italy]], Procida experienced [[feudal]] dominion; the island, with a mainland annexe (the future Mount of Procida), came under the control of the Da Procida family which continued to hold the island for more than two centuries. The most famous member of the family was [[John of Procida|John III of Procida]], counsellor to Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] and leader of the revolt of the [[Sicilian Vespers]].

In 1339, the [[fiefdom]], together with the Island of Ischia, was handed over to the Cossa family, of [[France|French]] origin, loyal followers of the Angevin dynasty then reigning in Naples. Baldassare Cossa was elected [[Antipope]] in 1410 with the name of [[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. In this period a deep economic transformation of the island began, as agriculture was slowly abandoned in favour of fishing.
[[File:Procida.jpg|thumb|View of [[Corricella]] from Cape Pizzaco]]

===Modern era===
During the rule of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Emperor of Spain, the island was granted to the D'Avalos family. Pirate raids continued during this period. Particularly notable was one in 1534, led by the infamous [[Turkey|Turk]] admiral [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]].

In 1744, King [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] of Spain made Procida a royal [[game reserve]]. In this period the Procidan fleet reached its zenith, backed by a period of flourishing shipbuilding. The population rose to approximately 16,000. In 1799, Procida took part in the revolts that led to the proclamation of the [[Neapolitan Republic (1799)|Neapolitan Republic]]. With the return of the Bourbon [[dynasty]] a few months later 12 Procidans were beheaded.

The [[Napoleonic Wars]] brought several episodes of devastation due to the island's strategic position in the naval engagements between the French and the [[England|English]]. In 1860, after the fall of the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], the island became part of the newly formed [[Unification of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]].
[[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Procida, 1972) - BEIC 6362016.jpg|thumb|Procida in 1972.]]

=== 20th century===
The 20th century saw a crisis in Procidan shipbuilding due to competition with industrial [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]]s. In 1907 Procida lost its mainland territory, which became independent and is commonly called the Mount of Procida ([[Monte di Procida]]).

In 1957, the first underwater [[aqueduct (water supply)|aqueduct]] in Europe was built in Procida.

In the last few decades, the population has slowly begun to grow. The economy remains in great part tied to the marine industry, although the tourist industry has also grown.

==Culture==
Several writers have set their novels in Procida. These include ''[[Graziella]]'' written by [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], who came to Procida from Bourgogne at the beginning of the 19th century while in the [[France|French]] army; and ''[[L'isola di Arturo|Arthur's Island]]'' (1957) by [[Elsa Morante]].

Procida has been chosen as a film set for numerous films (more than 30 films) including ''[[Il Postino|The Postman]]'' and ''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)|The Talented Mr. Ripley]]''. Procida was also the site of filming for scenes in ''[[Cleopatra (1963 film)|Cleopatra]]'', starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]] and [[Richard Burton]]. Specifically, the harbour of Procida was shown in scenes related to Cleopatra's barge, which was intended to represent the harbour of the ancient city of Tarsus in Asia Minor. In anachronistic Hollywood fashion, the baroque dome of the church in Procida can be seen in the background as the golden Egyptian barge of Cleopatra is docking in the port.
[[File:Procida2.jpg|thumb|right|The historical centre]] 
In 2013, Fabrizio Borgogna launched the Procida Film Festival, an international contest for young movie directors, writers and lovers.
[[File:Procida-208-Processione dei Misteri-Kreuzerhebung-1986-gje.jpg|thumb|right|Procession of the Mysteries]]

===Folklore and traditions===
There are many religious traditions on the island tied to the period of [[Holy Week]] before [[Good Friday]]. The most evocative of these are the Procession of the Apostles of Holy Thursday and the Procession of the Mysteries of Good Friday. The last one is based on a tradition going back to the end of the 17th century. In the [[procession]], the young males of the island, dressed in the traditional dress of the "Confraternity of the Turchini", carry [[allegory|allegorical]] wagons (called "mysteries") of religious character for a fixed distance, from the village of Torre Murata to the port of Marina Grande. The "mysteries", often highly artistic, are prepared by the young people and generally, nobody except them would have, at least in theory, seen them before the procession. After the procession, they are taken apart or destroyed.

Every summer, there is an election of the ''Graziella'' ("Little Graceful"), a young woman that wears the customary clothes of the island, referring to the history told in [[Alphonse de Lamartine]]'s novel, ''Graziella''. Also during the summer, a [[literary award]] dedicated to [[Elsa Morante]] and her novel, ''Arthur's Island'', is presented.

=== Italian Capital of Culture 2022 ===
Procida has been chosen from among several Italian candidate cities to be the [https://www.procida2022.com Italian Capital of Culture 2022]. On 18 January 2020, the Italian Minister for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, [[Dario Franceschini]] announced the reasons that led to this choice: the cultural project has well-structured local and regional public and private support, giving importance to the heritage and landscape dimension of the place. 

In relation to this, the artisanal dimension has been emphasised, given by the small workshops that characterise the tradition of the Mediterranean islands. The project encompasses characteristics such as authenticity, sustainability of development, culture of the islands and coastal areas of the Bel Paese.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PROCIDA CAPITALE ITALIANA DELLA CULTURA PER IL 2022|url=https://www.beniculturali.it/procida2022|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali e per il Turismo|language=it}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of islands of Italy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|first=Sergio |last=Zazzera |title=Procida. Storia, tradizioni e immagini|publisher=Ci.Esse.Ti|year=1984}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.naplesldm.com/procida.php The Bronze Age on Procida]
*[https://www.visitprocida.com/en Visit Procida Island]
*[https://www.procida.it/english-version Information on Procida]
*[https://www.procidafilmfestival.it/ Procida Film Festival]

{{Portalbar|Geography|Islands|Italy}}
{{Flegrean Islands}}{{Campanian Archipelago}}{{Province of Naples|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of Campania]]
[[Category:Campanian volcanic arc]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of the Tyrrhenian]]
[[Category:Geography of the Metropolitan City of Naples]]
[[Category:Cumaean colonies]]
[[Category:Phlegraean Fields]]