Editing Project stakeholder

{{short description|Persons or entities with an interest in a project}}
'''Project stakeholders''' are persons or entities who have an interest in a specific [[project]]. According to the [[Project Management Institute]] (PMI), the term ''project stakeholder'' refers to "an individual, group, or [[organization]], who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a [[Decision-making|decision]], [[Activity (project management)|activity]], or outcome of a project, [[Program management|program]], or portfolio.{{sfn|Project Management Institute|2021}}{{rp|loc=Section 3. Definitions}} [[ISO 21500]] uses a similar definition.

==Types of stakeholders==
Stakeholders may be located inside or outside an [[organization]], including:
# The project's [[Executive sponsor|sponsor]];
# Those with an interest or the potential to gain from the successful completion of a project;
# Anyone who may have a positive or negative influence in the project completion.

The following are examples of project stakeholders:
* Project leader
* [[Senior management]]
* [[Project team]] members
* Project [[customer]]
* Community Served or the [[Community]] that is being [[Public service|Served]] (example of a stakeholder affected by a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organization]] or [[government agency]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonprofit Organizations and Civil Society in the United States |url=https://www.routledge.com/Nonprofit-Organizations-and-Civil-Society-in-the-United-States/LeRoux-Feeney/p/book/9780415661454 |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Resource (project management)|Resource]] managers
* [[Line manager]]s
* [[Product (business)|Product]] user group
* Project [[Software tester|tester]]s
* Any group impacted by the project as it progresses
* Any group impacted by the project when it is completed
* [[Subcontractor]]s to the project
* [[Consultants]] to the project

==Stakeholder management==
By the beginning of the 21st century, stakeholders have been considered more and more as the crucial human factor that defines the perception of success of a project, particularly the [[beneficiaries]] of the project's outcomes. This has increased the focus on [[stakeholder management]] within the general topic of [[project management]].{{sfn|Roeder|2013}}{{rp|loc=Foreword}}

Rather than focusing on one subset of stakeholders, Lynda Bourne<ref>[http://www.stakeholdermapping.com/stakeholder-management-resources/#Books Stakeholder Relationship Management]</ref> advocates prioritizing all stakeholders and focusing your attention on the "most important" at this point in time. Her view of importance encompasses an assessment of the power, proximity and urgency associated with each stakeholder. She calls her methodology a "Stakeholder Circle".<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Bourne |first=Lynda |title=Project Relationship Management and the Stakeholder Circle |url=http://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P021_L_Bourne_Thesis.pdf}}</ref>

The rationale for this emphasis on [[Decision-maker|decision maker]]s is part of project stakeholder management and a key component in affecting change in an organization. [[John Hotter]] describes [[stakeholder analysis]] and stakeholder management as essential components of [[change management]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Yvette |date=28 November 2011 |title=Applying Kotter's Change Management Principles to Project Management |url=http://changeleadershipnetwork.org/2011/11/28/applying-kotters-change-management-principles-to-project-management/ |publisher=Change Leadership Network |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713043615/http://changeleadershipnetwork.org/2011/11/28/applying-kotters-change-management-principles-to-project-management/ |archive-date=13 July 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Stakeholder register]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite thesis |last=Bourne |first=Lynda |title=Project Relationship Management and the Stakeholder Circle |url=http://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P021_L_Bourne_Thesis.pdf}}
*Freeman, R E (1984), ''Strategic Management: a Stakeholder Approach'', Pitman Series in Business and Public Policy, Harpercollins College Div; First Edition. {{ISBN|978-0273019138}}
*{{cite book |title=A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide)|date=2021|publisher=Project Management Institute|isbn=978-1-62825-664-2
|edition=7th|location=Newtown Square, PA}}
*{{cite book |last= Roeder |first=Tres |author-link= |date=2013 |title=Managing Project Stakeholders: Building a Foundation to Achieve Project Goals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=67kyDQAAQBAJ&q=%22Project+stakeholders%22 |location= |publisher= |page= XI|isbn=978-1118504277  |chapter =Foreword}} 
*{{cite web |author=Yvette |date=28 November 2011 |title=Applying Kotter's Change Management Principles to Project Management |url=http://changeleadershipnetwork.org/2011/11/28/applying-kotters-change-management-principles-to-project-management/ |publisher=Change Leadership Network |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713043615/http://changeleadershipnetwork.org/2011/11/28/applying-kotters-change-management-principles-to-project-management/ |archive-date=13 July 2015}}

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[[Category:Corporate finance]]
[[Category:Project management]]

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