Editing Provins

{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Provins
|commune status         = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image                  = 0 Provins - Le centre historique de la ville basse.JPG
|caption                = The historic center of the lower town seen from the Caesar tower. 
|image coat of arms     = Blason ville fr Provins.svg
|arrondissement         = Provins
|canton                 = Provins
|INSEE                  = 77379
|postal code            = 77160
|mayor                  = Olivier Lavenka<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Communauté de communes du Provinois|Provinois]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|48.5604|3.299|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            = 91
|elevation min m        = 86
|elevation max m        = 168
|area km2               = 14.72
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|website                = {{url|www.mairie-provins.fr}}; {{url|www.provins.net/en/}}
|footnotes={{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child         = yes
| official_name = Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iv)}}(ii)(iv)
| ID            = 873rev
| year          = 2001
| extension     = 
| area          = {{convert|108|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone   = {{convert|1,365|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}} 
}}
}}

'''Provins''' ({{IPA|fr|pʁɔvɛ̃|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Xenophôn-Provins.wav}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Seine-et-Marne]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Île-de-France]] [[Regions of France|region]] in north-central France. Known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and importance throughout the Middle Ages as an economic center and a host of [[Champagne fairs|annual trading fairs]], Provins became a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 2001.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/873 |title = Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 13 November 2021}}</ref>

==Administration==
With 11,958 inhabitants (2021), Provins is not the largest town in the [[arrondissement of Provins]], but it is the seat (''[[Subprefectures in France|sous-préfecture]]''). Provins is also the seat of the [[canton of Provins]].<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/77379-provins Commune de Provins], INSEE</ref>

==History==

There are signs of human occupation in the area as early as the [[Paleolithic era]].

=== Roman era ===
Provins was at the crossroads of two major regional corridors in [[Roman Gaul]]: one from Soissons to Troyes and one towards Sens in the south.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkskJTWPm6kC&q=provins+epoque+romaine&pg=PA12|title=Provins: la fortification d'une ville au Moyen Age|author=[[Jean Mesqui]]|year=1979|isbn=9782600046121}}</ref>

=== Medieval era ===
As proof of its growing importance, by the 9th century, Provins was minting its own coin, the “denier provinois,” and [[Charlemagne]] had sent his [[missi dominici]] to the town.<ref name = "icomos">{{cite report |url = https://whc.unesco.org/document/154495 |title = Provins (France): No. 873 |date = 30 June 2000 |publisher = ICOMOS |access-date = 13 November 2021}}</ref> Under the protection of the Counts of Champagne, Provins hosted one of the largest [[Champagne fairs]], an agricultural and trade fair crucial to the medieval economy.<ref name = "unesco"/> In the upper portion of the town, the fair would be held twice a year, in May and November, whereas in the lower town, there was a yearly market in September.<ref name = "icomos"/> During that time, Provins also because a banking center, with the "denier" being widely accepted throughout Europe. The fairs continued from 1120 until 1320.<ref name = "icomos"/>

King [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]] visited Provins several times in the late 13th century, devastating the town with harsh taxes that ended its period of prosperity and caused residents to flee. The town was besieged numerous times and changed hands frequently in the 14th through 16th centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Opoix |first1=Christophe |title=Histoire et description de Provins}}</ref> This political and economic instability reduced the importance of the city.

In one of the most famous events in Provins’ history, the recently crowned King [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] attended mass at the {{ill|Saint-Quiriace collegiate church|fr|Collégiale Saint-Quiriace de Provins}} church, along with his royal court and saint [[Joan of Arc]] on August 3, 1429. This church keeps the Islamic silk [[chasuble]] that [[Edmund of Abingdon|St Edmund]] had with him at his death.<ref>[http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/111171 The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500–1200], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), #57</ref>

=== Modern era ===
Being largely unaffected by the [[Industrial Revolution]], Provins remained a small market town throughout the 19th century.<ref name = "icomos"/> The Germans occupied the town in 1870 during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], and were only barely fought off in 1914 during the [[World War I|First World War]].

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-77379#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|graph-pos = right
|1968 |11432
|1975 |12341
|1982 |12065
|1990 |11608
|1999 |11667
|2007 |12267
|2012 |12161
|2017 |11844
}}

==Sights==
[[File:0 Provins - Remparts et tours des Grandes Planches.jpg |thumb|City walls and towers]]
[[File:0 Provins - Collégiale Saint-Quiriace (7).JPG|thumb|The {{ill|Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church|fr|Collégiale Saint-Quiriace de Provins}}]]

Provins is known for its well-preserved, original [[fortification]]s from the 12th century, such as the [[:fr:Tour César (Provins)|Tour César]] (the Caesar Tower) and city walls.<ref name = "icomos"/> Many of the residential and commercial buildings within the Upper Town are likewise from the 12th century; these buildings held the residences of merchants, stores and counting houses.<ref name = "icomos"/> Of the four main fair towns in the [[County of Champagne]] ([[Troyes]], [[Lagny-sur-Marne]],  and  [[Bar-sur-Aube]]), Provins is the only one that has retained much of its medieval character.<ref name = "unesco"/>

The Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church is located here. The [[Galla Placidia|Empress Galla Placidia]] is said to have presented [[Ancona]] in Italy with the [[relics]] of [[Judas Cyriacus]].  However, the saint's head was situated at Provins, brought from [[Jerusalem]] by [[Henry I of Champagne]], who built a church in this town to display it.  It is still at the Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church, although construction work during the 12th century was never completed due to financial difficulties during the reign of [[Philippe le Bel]]. A dome was added in the 17th century, and the old families of Provins who lived in the upper town were called "Children of the Dome." After the addition of the dome, however, no further restoration efforts have been made towards the church.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.provins.net/anglais/_private/cadrehistoriq.htm |title=The history of Provins |website=www.provins.net |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525185521/http://www.provins.net/anglais/_private/cadrehistoriq.htm |archive-date=25 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The police station (2010) is a piece of contemporary architecture designed by Parisian architects Philippe Ameller and Jacques Dubois.

Two sets of caves underlie parts of the town. The first type were probably used to store food in the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite web|title=Provins in the dark|url=http://www.new-paris-ile-de-france.co.uk/guides-paris/routes/provins/provins-in-the-dark-77801.html|access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> The second, deeper, type contains Bronze and Iron Age graffiti.<ref>{{cite book|last=Digest|first=The Reader's|title=The world's last mysteries|year=1978|publisher=Reader's Digest|location=Montréal|isbn=089577044X|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldslastmyster00read/page/303 303]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/worldslastmyster00read/page/303}}</ref>
{{clearleft}}

==Economy==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Provins has important rose cultivation. It produces all sorts of foods from roses, and its main specialties are rose petal jam, Provinois rose honey and rose candy. Provins also used to be a large producer of wine, with the medieval methods of wine-making still being carried out by residents, and some vineyards are still being used to produce.

==Education==
*Public preschools (''maternelles''): Coudoux, Raymond Louis, Terrier Rouge, Ville Haute and Voulzie.<ref name=Mat>[http://www.mairie-provins.fr/muse_OK/ecoles-maternelles.html les écoles maternelles. Provins. Retrieved on March 12, 2018.]</ref>
*Public primary schools: Coudoux, Désiré Laurent, Marais, Terrier Rouge, Ville Haute and Voulzie.<ref name=Prim>[http://www.mairie-provins.fr/muse_OK/ecoles-primaires.html les écoles primaires." Provins. Retrieved on March 12, 2018.]</ref>
*Public junior high schools (''collèges''): Jules Verne, Lelorgne de Savigny, and Marie Curie.<ref name=Collegesjhs>[http://www.mairie-provins.fr/muse_OK/colleges.html les collèges." Provins. Retrieved on March 12, 2018.]</ref>
*Public senior high schools (''lycées''): [[Lycée Thibaut de Champagne|Thibaut de Champagne]] and [[Lycée Les Pannevelles|Les Pannevelles]].<ref name=lyceeshs>[http://www.mairie-provins.fr/muse_OK/lycees.html les lycées." Provins. Retrieved on March 12, 2018.]</ref>
*There is a private preschool through high school, [[Institution Sainte-Croix]].<ref name=Mat/><ref name=Prim/><ref name=Collegesjhs/><ref name=lyceeshs/>

==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Provins is the birthplace of:
* [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] (1777–1851), [[zoologist]]
* [[Edmond Nocard]] (1850-1903), [[veterinarian]] and [[microbiologist]]
* [[Maurice Hayot]] (1862–1945), violinist
* [[Jean-Pierre Vernant]] (1914–2007), historian
* [[Dominique A]] (born 1968), songwriter and singer
* [[David Moncoutié]] (born 1975), retired [[road racing cyclist]]

Provins is the hometown of:
* [[Christian Jacob (politician)|Christian Jacob]] (born 1959), farmer and politician

==Twin towns==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Provins is twinned with:
* [[Bendorf]], Germany
* [[Pingyao]], China

==See also==
* [[Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Provins}}
* [http://www.mairie-provins.fr/ City council website]  {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0262.htm Champagne and Brie in Medieval History of Navarre]
* [http://www.provins.net/ provins.net] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101112220/http://www.provins.org/ provins.org] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.provins-medieval.com/ provins-medieval.com]  {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.france-in-photos.com/ile-de-france/provins/ Provins photos]  {{in lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122414/http://www.iaurif.org/en/gis/fichescom/mos99/ficmos/mos77379.html 1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.ameller-dubois.fr/ Ameller Dubois and Associates, architects of the Provins police station]  {{in lang|fr}}
* {{Search Mérimée|77379}}

{{World Heritage Sites in France}}
{{Seine-et-Marne communes}}
{{Visitor attractions in Paris}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Seine-et-Marne]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:Champagne (province)]]