Editing Pterophyllum scalare

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Freshwater angelfish biodome.jpg
| image_caption = 
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = 
| taxon = Pterophyllum scalare
| authority = ([[Ferd. Schultze|Schultze]], 1823)
| range_map = Pterophyllum scalare map.jpg
| synonyms = * ''Zeus scalaris'' <small>Schultze, 1823</small>
* ''Platax scalaris'' <small>G. Cuvier, 1831</small>
* ''Plataxoides dumerilii'' <small>Castelnau, 1855</small>
* ''Pterophyllum dumerilii'' <small>(Castelnau, 1855)</small>
* ''Pterophyllum eimekei'' <small>C. G. E. Ahl, 1928</small>
}}

'''''Pterophyllum scalare''''', most commonly referred to as '''angelfish''' or '''freshwater angelfish''', is the most common species of ''Pterophyllum'' kept in captivity. It is native to the [[Amazon Basin]] in [[Peru]], [[Colombia]], and [[Brazil]]. Particularly to the [[Ucayali River|Ucayali river]] in Peru, the [[Oyapock River]] in [[French Guiana]], the [[Essequibo River]] in [[Guyana]], the [[Solimões River|Solimões]], the [[Amapá]], and the [[Amazon River|Amazon river]]s in Brazil. It is found in swamps or flooded grounds where vegetation is dense and the water is either clear or silty.  Its native waters range from a neutral pH of 7.0 down to near 6.0, with a general [[water hardness]] (gH) range of 3 to 10 °dH, and water temperature ranging from 26 to 30&nbsp;°C (75 to 86&nbsp;°[[Fahrenheit|F]]).<ref>{{FishBase |genus= Pterophyllum|species= scalare| month = April | year = 2013}}</ref>  This is the species of angelfish most frequently found in the [[aquarium]] trade. A similar (cross-breeding possible) ''P. scalare'' exists in the Rio [[Orinoco]]. They are of the same size and shape, the only difference being the stripes; the Orinoco ''P. scalare'' has thinner, but dual, stripes.

The diet of ''Pterophyllum scalare'' consists of a wide spectrum of prey; they feed on tiny fish fry and younger, juvenile fishes, young and mature shrimps, crabs, prawns, various worms, mosquito larvae, and water bugs. Additionally, they will opportunistically catch any smaller-sized floating insects that have fallen onto the surface of the water.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shelar|first=G.S.|date=February 2014|title=Effect of Replacement of Live Food by Formulated Feed on Reproductive Performance of Freshwater Angelfish, ''Pterophyllum scalare''|journal=The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture|pages=1–8|via=Research Gate}}</ref>

In captivity, these are not picky fish; They readily feed on different types of frozen, freeze-dried and live foods, such as [[tubifex worms]], [[Epilachna varivestis|bean beetles]] (and larvae), [[Glycera (annelid)|bloodworms]], [[brine shrimp]], [[daphnia]], [[flour beetles]], [[krill]], [[springtails]], small or finely-chopped [[earthworms]], [[black soldier fly]] larvae and cultured wingless fruit flies (''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''). In particular, the tubifex worms and fruit flies are high in protein and nutrients, resulting in highly significant growth. A predominantly live food diet also provides nutrients for better reproductive performance.  Ultimately, food variety is key, for health, but also for mimicking natural feeding habits.<ref name=":0" />

First described by [[Hinrich Lichtenstein]] in 1823, First import to Europe (Germany) by C.Ziggelkow, Hamburg in 1909<ref>Rüdiger Riehl, Hans A. Baensch "Akvariets lexikon" (German book translated into Swedish) Swedish {{ISBN|3-88244-048-1}}, third edition 1997, pages (765),766–767</ref>

The genome of the angelfish was sequenced and assembled by Indeever Madireddy, a high school student.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Le Page |first=Michael |date=October 21, 2023 |title=High school student is first to sequence the angelfish genome |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2343515-high-school-student-is-first-to-sequence-the-angelfish-genome/ |magazine=New Scientist |access-date=January 13, 2023|ref=none}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2022-11-09 |title=The High Schooler who Sequenced the Angelfish |url=https://blog.23andme.com/articles/student-sequenced-angelfish |work=23andMe Blog |access-date= January 13, 2023|ref=none}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Wilcox|first= Christie|date= October 27, 2022|title= Genome Spotlight: Freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)| url= https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/genome-spotlight-freshwater-angelfish-pterophyllum-scalare-70691| magazine= The Scientist| location= Online|access-date=January 13, 2023|ref=none
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikispecies|Pterophyllum scalare|''Pterophyllum scalare''}}
{{Commons category|Pterophyllum scalare|''Pterophyllum scalare''}}
* [http://fishbase.org/Photos/PicturesSummary.php?StartRow=0&ID=4717&what=species&TotRec=10 Photograph]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q827441}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pterophyllum|scalare]]
[[Category:Cichlid fish of Brazil]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Colombia]]
[[Category:Fish of French Guiana]]
[[Category:Fish of Guyana]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Peru]]
[[Category:Fish of the Amazon basin]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1823]]

{{Cichlasomatinae-stub}}