Editing Puteaux

{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Puteaux
|commune status     = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image              = Rue Voltaire, Puteaux 1.jpg
|caption            = Rue Voltaire
|map                = Puteaux_map.svg
|map caption        = [[Paris]] and inner ring départements
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Puteaux (Hauts-de-Seine).svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|48.885|2.2389|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement     = Nanterre
|canton             = Courbevoie-2
|INSEE              = 92062
|postal code        = 92800
|mayor              = [[Joëlle Ceccaldi-Raynaud]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Grand Paris]]
|elevation m        =
|elevation min m    = 29
|elevation max m    = 78
|area km2           = 3.19
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Puteaux''' ({{IPA|fr|pyto|-|Fr-Paris--Puteaux.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the western suburbs of [[Paris]], France. It is located in the heart of the [[Hauts-de-Seine]] [[Departments of France|department]], {{convert|8.7|km}} from the [[Kilometre zero|centre of Paris]].

[[La Défense]], Paris's [[Central business district|business district]] hosting the [[List of tallest structures in Paris|tallest buildings in the metropolitan area]], spreads over the northern part of Puteaux and parts of the neighbouring communes [[Courbevoie]] and [[Nanterre]]. The inhabitants of Puteaux are called ''Putéoliens'' in French.

== History ==
In 1148 Abbot Suger, the chief minister of kings [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] and [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]], established a landed estate named ''Putiauz'', which went on to become a village of the same name. Suger also founded other settlements in the area, such as [[Carrières-sur-Seine]], [[Vaucresson]], and [[Villeneuve-la-Garenne]], with the aim of attracting people into the region. This was reinforced by certain privileges which Suger granted to the inhabitants.

The name ''Putiauz'' is likely to have come from the old French ''Putel'', meaning a "quagmire" or "swamp", making reference to the condition of the area before it was drained for agriculture. But in another explanation, the name of Puteaux comes from the Latin word ''puteoli'', the plural of ''puteolus'', meaning "little wells" or "water holes". The spelling "Puteaux" is believed to have been first used in the sixteenth or seventeenth century.

Legend has it that Puteaux inspired the story of the gadfly by [[Jean de La Fontaine]].

During the [[repression of January and February 1894]], the police conducted raids targeting the [[Anarchism|anarchists]] living there, without much success.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}</ref>

==Geography==
Located on the left bank of the river [[Seine]], Puteaux borders [[Courbevoie]] to the north, [[Nanterre]] to the west and [[Suresnes]] to the south. In the east, Puteaux is connected to Paris by the bridge of Puteaux near [[Neuilly-sur-Seine|Neuilly]] and by the bridge of Neuilly (which is also used by [[Paris Métro Line 1]]). The territory of the commune of Puteaux also includes the largest part of the Île de Puteaux, on the Seine.

===Districts===
Within Puteaux several districts can be distinguished.

The district ''Bas de Puteaux'', located between the railway line and the Seine, is the oldest urbanized district. Notable in particular are the old church, the Théâtre des Hauts-de-Seine, the town hall and a commercial [[shopping mall]] near the rues Jaurès, Eichenberger and Chantecoq. The town hall was built in 1934 and is a typical example of the architecture of this time. The boulevard [[Richard Wallace, 1st Baronet|Richard Wallace]] is the [[Champs-Élysées]] of Puteaux.

The district ''Haut de Puteaux'', located to the west of the railway line, is a more recent district, made of several residences and [[HLM (Housing)|HLM]] (résidences des rosiers, Cartault, [[Marcellin Berthelot]], [[Bernard Palissy]]) The Lorilleux residence, for example, was built on the site of the old ink manufacturing companies.

The district ''La Défense'' is located in the north, separated by the circular boulevard. The district, developed since the end of the 1950s, is one of the principal [[business district]]s in [[Europe]]. It mainly consists of [[office building]]s, but some notable dwellings can be found within the district as well ([[Tour Défense 2000]], résidence Boieldieu). Two thirds of the territory of La Défense is located within Puteaux, the remainder being divided between Courbevoie and Nanterre. Thus, the [[Center of New Industries and Technologies|CNIT]], the [[Grande Arche|Arche de la Défense]] and the Quatre Temps shopping mall are in Puteaux.

The district ''Île de Puteaux'', on which there are no dwellings besides some barges,  shelters the sporting structures (tennis courts, [[Football (soccer)|football]] [[Association football pitch|pitch]], gymnasium, swimming pool) of Puteaux. A sporting complex, the ''Palais des sports'', opened in July 2006.

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|28284|Puteaux}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-92062#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |1130
|1800 |1140
|1806 |1240
|1821 |1256
|1831 |2018
|1836 |2704
|1841 |2916
|1846 |3959
|1851 |4346
|1856 |5403
|1861 |7613
|1866 |9428
|1872 |9594
|1876 |12181
|1881 |15586
|1886 |15736
|1891 |17646
|1896 |19965
|1901 |24341
|1906 |29131
|1911 |32223
|1921 |33503
|1926 |37958
|1931 |38233
|1936 |43829
|1946 |37369
|1954 |41097
|1962 |39640
|1968 |37946
|1975 |35514
|1982 |36117
|1990 |42756
|1999 |40780
|2007 |43994
|2012 |44514
|2017 |44645
}}

==Government and infrastructure==
The [[Grande Arche]] and [[Tour Sequoia]], both in [[La Défense]] and in Puteaux, have the administrative offices of the [[Ministry of Ecological Transition (France)|Ministry of Ecological Transition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/contact|title=Contact|publisher=Ministry of Ecological Transition|language=fr|date=2023-10-10|access-date=2024-08-05}}</ref> The Grande Arche also has the head offices of the [[French Marine Accident Investigation Office]] (BEAmer) and of the [[French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau]] (BEA-TT).<ref>"[http://www.bea-mer.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/contact-us-r54.html Contact us]." Bureau d'Enquêtes sur les Événements de Mer. Retrieved on June 22, 2017. "Bureau d’enquêtes sur les événements de mer (''BEAmer'') Arche Sud 92055 LA DEFENSE CEDEX FRANCE" - Note the [http://www.bea-mer.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/jpg/acces_pietons_arche.jpg pedestrian access map]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bea-tt.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/organisation-a1228.html|title=Organisation|language=fr|publisher=French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau|access-date=2024-07-27|quote=Grande Arche - Paroi Sud, 29e étage, 92055 LA DEFENSE Cedex}}</ref>

{{Interlanguage link multi|Tour Pascal B|fr}} in La Défense and in Puteaux at one time had the head offices of BEAmer,<ref>"[http://www.beamer-france.org/contact-en.html Contact us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220133424/http://www.beamer-france.org/contact-en.html |date=2012-02-20 }}." [[Bureau d'Enquêtes sur les Événements de Mer]]. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.</ref> BEA-TT,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bea-tt.equipement.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013103047/http://www.bea-tt.equipement.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=7|title=L'organisation|publisher=French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau|language=fr|archive-date=2006-10-13|access-date=2024-07-27|quote=Tour Pascal B, 16ème étage, 92055 LA DEFENSE Cedex}}</ref> and part of the head office of the Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea (a predecessor of the Ministry of Ecological Transition), while other parts of the ministry were at [[Tour Pascal|Tour Pascal A]] and the Grande Arche.<ref>"[http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=914 Nous contacter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904175942/http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=914 |date=2009-09-04 }}." [[Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea]]. Retrieved on 26 October 2009.</ref> {{ill|Tour Voltaire|fr}}, also in Puteaux and La Défense, once had the head office of BEA-TT,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bea-tt.equipement.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=7|title=Contacter le BEA-TT|publisher=Bureau d'Enquêtes sur les Accidents de Transport Terrestre|language=French|accessdate=8 February 2015|archive-date=31 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231152335/http://www.bea-tt.equipement.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=7|url-status=dead}} - "Tour Voltaire, 7ème étage, 92055 LA DEFENSE Cedex"</ref> and BEAmer.<ref>"[http://www.beamer-france.org/contact-en.html Contact us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220133424/http://www.beamer-france.org/contact-en.html |date=2012-02-20 }}." () Bureau d'Enquêtes sur les Événements de Mer. Retrieved on 16 February 2012. "MAIL ADDRESS ''BEA''mer Tour Voltaire 92055 LA DEFENSE CEDEX"</ref>

==Economy==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
The [[tax revenue]] of La Défense makes Puteaux one of the richest communes of France. Puteaux receives forty million euros per year coming from the companies within the district alone. Puteaux does not have a debt and its financial reserves, placed in Treasury bills, returns ten million euros in interest alone. The budget of Puteaux can thus exceed 200&nbsp;million euros (reference 2005), for only 42,000 inhabitants.

Puteaux has a long industrial past, in particular the car industry ([[De Dion-Bouton]], but also [[Unic]], [[Saurer]] and [[Daimler-Benz]]), aeronautics ([[Zodiac Group]], [[Morane-Saulnier]]), the armament industry [[Atelier de Construction de Puteaux]] (APX), inks ({{ill|Charles Lorilleux|fr}}) and [[perfume]]s ([[Coty]]).

==Politics==
[[Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud]] ([[Union for a Popular Movement]], UMP) was the mayor of Puteaux from 1969 to 2004. In 2004 he was succeeded by his daughter [[Joëlle Ceccaldi-Raynaud]] (UMP). She was also temporarily appointed as a Member of Parliament for the 6th&nbsp;district of [[Hauts-de-Seine]] (Puteaux/[[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]) instead of [[Nicolas Sarkozy]].

The administration of Puteaux by Ceccaldi-Raynaud is considered authoritarian by certain people (the opposition but sometimes also certain people of their own political camp in Hauts-de-Seine). This criticism regularly has echoes in the media (like the daily newspapers ''[[Libération]]'', ''[[Le Monde]]'', the edition of Hauts-de-Seine of ''[[Le Parisien]]'' and the news magazine ''[[L'Express (France)|L'Express]]'', which made a coverstory of it at the end of 2005).

In September 2005, Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud announced his intention to become mayor again, instead of his daughter. However, his daughter refused to resign. A lot of fixing was needed, in particular in the [[Municipal council]] (reported in a dispatch of the [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] of November&nbsp;21, 2005).

===Municipal administration===

The mayors of Puteaux:
*[[Guillaume Nezot]] (in 1790).
*[[Pierre Nezot]] (in 1791).
*[[Philippe Gault]] (1791–1795).
*[[Guillaume Nezot]] (1795–1800).
*[[Jean Saulnier]] (1800–1816).
*[[Denis Legrand]] (1816–1826).
*[[Bernard Gerhard]] (1826–1831).
*[[Pierre Langlasse]] (refused the function).
*[[Victor Beau]] (in 1832).
*[[Guillaume Julien]] (1833–1840).
*[[Claude Pitois]] (1840–1847).
*[[Gabriel Panay]] (in 1848).
*[[Alfred Michel]] (1848–1851).
*[[Jean-Baptiste Léonard]] (1851–1857).
*[[Léon Godefroy]] (1857–1858) (deceased in function).
*[[Joseph Boucherot]] (1858–1870).
*[[Simon-Hyacinte Blanche]] (in 1870).
*[[Jean-Théoxene Roque de Fillol]] (in 1871).
*[[Arthur Guillaumet]] (1871–1872).
*[[Charles Lorilleux]] (en 1872).
*[[Auguste Blanche]] (1872–1880).
*[[Ernest Francillon]] (1881–1884).
*[[Charles Chenu]] (1884–1894).
*[[Charles Decroix]] (1894–1912).
*[[Lucien Voilin]] (1912–1925).
*[[Marius Jacotot]] (1925–1930).
*[[Georges Barthélémy]] (1930–1944).
*[[Firmin Aury]] (in August 1944).
*[[Henri Buisine]] (August 1944 – 1945).
*[[Jean Nennig]] (1945–1947).
*[[Roger Deniau]] (1947–1948).
*[[Georges Dardel]] ([[Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière|SFIO]]) (1948–1969).
*[[Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud]] (1969–2004).
*[[Joëlle Ceccaldi-Raynaud]] (since 2004).

==Transport==
Puteaux is served by [[Gare de Puteaux|Puteaux]] station on the [[Transilien La Défense]] and [[Transilien Paris – Saint-Lazare]] suburban rail lines.

Puteaux is also served by [[Esplanade de La Défense (Paris Métro)|Esplanade de la Défense]] station on [[Paris Métro Line 1]], in the business district of [[La Défense]], as well as by [[La Défense station]], a large interchange station on Paris Métro Line&nbsp;1, on Paris [[RER A|RER line A]], on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, and on the Transilien Paris &ndash; Saint-Lazare suburban rail line. Puteaux is also served by the T2 (tramway&nbsp;2), in the La Défense-Issy-Val de Seine line.

==Sport==
The Cercle de Puteaux hosted the [[Tennis at the 1900 Summer Olympics|tennis]] events for the [[1900 Summer Olympics]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132606/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1900/TEN/mens-singles.html Sports-reference.com Summer Olympics Paris 6-11 July 1900 tennis men's singles results.] Accessed 14 November 2010.</ref>

==Cultural depictions==

Puteaux is the setting for the 1961 film ''[[The Long Absence]]'' (''Une aussi longue absence''), winner of the [[Palme d'Or]] at [[1961 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marchedufilm.com/en/festival/films/une-aussi-longue-absence|title=UNE AUSSI LONGUE ABSENCE|website=Festival de Cannes 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/1642379/|title=Une Aussi Longue Absence (1961, Film) — CinéSéries|via=www.cineserie.com}}</ref>

==Old street names==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"
|-
! Current name
! Old name
|-
| rue Bernard-Palissy
| rue Charles X
|-
| rue du bicentenaire
| avenue du centenaire
|-
| quai de Dion-Bouton
| quai National
|-
| rue Jean-Jaurès
| rue de Paris
|-
| rue des Pavillons
| rue des Coutures
|-
| [[Place de Stalingrad]]
| place du marché
|-
| rue de Verdun
| rue de Neuilly
|-
| rue Fernand Pelloutier
| rue de Denain
|}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Puteaux is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name="Puteaux twinnings">{{cite web | url = http://www.puteaux.fr/Ma-ville/Jumelage | title = Puteaux - Qu'est-ce que le jumelage? | access-date = 2013-12-28 | work = Mairie de Puteaux [Puteaux Official Website] | language = fr | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131126060605/http://www.puteaux.fr/Ma-ville/Jumelage | archive-date = 2013-11-26}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagdeco|LUX}} [[Esch-sur-Alzette]], Luxembourg ''(since 1956)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|POR}} [[Braga]], Portugal ''(since 2001)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Gan Yavne]], Israel ''(since 1973)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|MLI}} [[Kati]], Mali ''(since 1985)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|AUT}} [[Mödling]], Austria ''(since 1956)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>

||
*{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Offenbach, Hesse]], Germany ''(since 1955)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Velletri]], Lazio, Italy ''(since 1958)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|SRB}} [[Zemun]], Serbia ''(since 1956)''<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
*{{flagdeco|CZE}} [[Opočno]], Czech Republic<ref name="Puteaux twinnings"/>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|France}}
*[[Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department]]
*[[History of Suresnes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Puteaux}}
{{Collier's Poster}}
* [http://www.mairie-puteaux.fr/ Official website: mairie-puteaux.fr]
* [http://www.monputeaux.com Unofficial Website], by a local blogger
* [http://teleputeaux.free.fr/ Téléputeaux]

{{Puteaux}}
{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{Hauts-de-Seine communes}}
{{1900 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues tennis}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Venues of the 1900 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis venues]]
[[Category:Communes of Hauts-de-Seine]]
[[Category:1148 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1140s establishments in France]]