Editing QNX

{{Short description|Real-time operating system (RTOS) software}}
{{infobox OS
| name = QNX
| logo = QNX-Logo-QNX-CORAL-RGB.svg
| logo size = 100px
| screenshot = QNX 6.4.1 screenshot.png
| caption = 
| developer = [[BlackBerry Limited|BlackBerry]] (formerly [[#History|QNX Software Systems]])
| family = [[Unix-like]]
| working_state = Current
| source_model = [[Closed source]]
| released = {{start date and age|1982}}
| latest_release_version = 8.0
| latest_release_date = {{start date and age|2023|12}}
| latest_test_version = 
| latest_test_date = 
| marketing_target = [[Embedded system]]s
| programmed_in = 
| prog_language = 
| language = 
| updatemodel = 
| package_manager = Able to use [[Pkgsrc]] framework from NetBSD project
| supported_platforms = Current: [[x86-64]], [[ARM32]], [[ARM64]]<br>Former: [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]], [[PowerPC]], [[SuperH|SH-4]], [[StrongARM]], [[XScale]]
| kernel_type = [[RTOS]] ([[microkernel]])
| userland = [[POSIX]]
| ui = 
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| website = {{URL|https://blackberry.qnx.com/}}
| date = July 2014
}}

'''QNX''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|juː|_|ˌ|ɛ|n|_|ˈ|ɛ|k|s}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|juː|n|ᵻ|k|s}}) is a commercial [[Unix-like]] [[real-time operating system]], aimed primarily at the [[embedded system]]s market.

The product was originally developed in the early 1980s by [[Canada|Canadian]] company Quantum Software Systems, founded March 30, 1980, and later renamed QNX Software Systems.

{{As of|2022}}, it is used in a variety of devices including [[automobiles]],<ref name="tc-dec2014"/> [[medical devices]], [[Programmable logic controller|program logic controllers]], [[Building automation|automated manufacturing]], [[trains]], and more.

== History ==
{{prose|section|date=April 2022}}

[[Gordon Bell (QNX)|Gordon Bell]] and [[Dan Dodge]], both students at the [[University of Waterloo]] in 1980, took a course in real-time operating systems, in which the students constructed a basic real-time microkernel and user programs. Both were convinced there was a commercial need for such a system, and moved to the high-tech planned community [[Kanata, Ontario]], to start Quantum Software Systems that year. In 1982, the first version of QUNIX was released for the [[Intel 8088]] CPU. In 1984, Quantum Software Systems renamed QUNIX to QNX (Quantum's Network eXecutive) in an effort to avoid any trademark infringement challenges.

One of the first widespread uses of the QNX real-time OS (RTOS) was in the nonembedded world when it was selected as the operating system for the [[Ontario]] education system's own computer design, the [[ICON (microcomputer)|Unisys ICON]]. Over the years QNX was used mostly for larger projects, as its 44k kernel was too large to fit inside the one-chip computers of the era. The system garnered a reputation for reliability{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}} and became used in running machinery in many industrial applications.

In the late-1980s, Quantum realized that the market was rapidly moving towards the Portable Operating System Interface ([[POSIX]]) model and decided to rewrite the kernel to be much more compatible at a low level. The result was QNX 4. During this time [[Patrick Hayden (scientist)|Patrick Hayden]], while working as an intern, along with Robin Burgener (a full-time employee at the time), developed a new windowing system. This patented<ref name="patent"/> concept was developed into the embeddable [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) named the QNX Photon microGUI. QNX also provided a version of the [[X Window System]].

To demonstrate the OS's capability and relatively small size, in the late 1990s QNX released a demo image that included the POSIX-compliant QNX 4 OS, a full graphical user interface, graphical text editor, TCP/IP networking, web browser and web server that all fit on a bootable 1.44&nbsp;[[Megabyte|MB]] [[floppy disk]] for the 386 PC.<ref name="demoannounce"/><ref name="demodisk"/>

Toward the end of the 1990s, the company, then named QNX Software Systems, began work on a new version of QNX, designed from the ground up to be [[symmetric multiprocessing]] (SMP) capable, and to support all current [[POSIX]] [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and any new POSIX APIs that could be anticipated while still retaining the microkernel architecture. This resulted in QNX Neutrino, released in 2001.

Along with the Neutrino kernel, QNX Software Systems became a founding member of the [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]] ([[integrated development environment]]) consortium. The company released a suite of Eclipse [[Plug-in (computing)|plug-ins]] packaged with the Eclipse workbench in 2002, and named QNX Momentics Tool Suite.

In 2004, the company announced it had been sold to [[Harman International]] Industries. Before this acquisition, QNX software was already widely used in the automotive industry for [[telematics]] systems. Since the purchase by Harman, QNX software has been designed into over 200 different [[automobile]] makes and models, in telematics systems, and in infotainment and navigation units.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}} The QNX CAR Application Platform was running in over 20 million vehicles as of mid-2011.<ref name="qnxcar"/> The company has since released several [[middleware]] products including the QNX Aviage Multimedia Suite, the QNX Aviage Acoustic Processing Suite and the QNX HMI Suite.

The microkernels of [[Cisco Systems]]' [[IOS-XR]] (ultra high availability IOS, introduced 2004)<ref name="QNXDel"/><ref name="cisco-ios"/> and [[IOS Software Modularity]] (introduced 2006)<ref name="IOSSM"/> were based on QNX. IOS Software Modularity never gained traction and was limited only to small run for Catalyst 6500, while IOS XR moved to Linux  [https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/ios-nx-os-software/ios-xr-software/datasheet-c78-743014.html as of release 6.x].

In September 2007, QNX Software Systems announced the availability of some of its [[source code]].<ref name="qpr-source"/>

On April 9, 2010, [[BlackBerry Limited|Research In Motion]] (later renamed to [[BlackBerry Limited]]) announced they would acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International Industries.<ref name="QNXtoRIM"/> On the same day, QNX source code access was restricted from the public and hobbyists.<ref name="restrictedsource"/>

In September 2010, the company announced a [[tablet computer]], the [[BlackBerry PlayBook]], and a new operating system [[BlackBerry Tablet OS]] based on QNX to run on the tablet.<ref name="playbook_pressrelease"/>

On October 18, 2011, Research In Motion announced "BBX",<ref name="engadget"/> which was later renamed ''[[BlackBerry 10]]'', in December 2011.<ref name="guardian-dec20112"/> Blackberry 10 devices build upon the BlackBerry PlayBook QNX based operating system for touch devices, but adapt the user interface for [[smartphone]]s using the [[Qt (software)|Qt]] based Cascades Native User-Interface framework.

At the Geneva Motor Show, Apple demonstrated [[CarPlay]] which provides an [[iOS]]-like user interface to head units in compatible vehicles. Once configured by the automaker, QNX can be programmed to hand off its display and some functions to an Apple CarPlay device.<ref name="apple-carplay"/><ref name="zdnet-apple"/>

On December 11, 2014, [[Ford Motor Company]] stated that it would replace [[Windows Embedded Automotive|Microsoft Auto]] with QNX.<ref name="tc-dec2014"/>

In January 2017, QNX announced the upcoming release of its SDP 7.0, with support for Intel and ARM [[32-bit computing|32-]] and [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] platforms, and support for [[C++14]]. It was released in March 2017.<ref name="QNXSDP70"/>

In December 2023, QNX released QNX SDP 8.0 which is powered by a next generation microkernel with support for the latest Intel and ARM [v8 and v9] 64 bit platforms, GCC12 based toolchain and a QNX toolkit for [[Visual Studio Code]].<ref name= "QNX8.0"/>

== Technology ==

As a [[microkernel]]-based OS, QNX is based on the idea of running most of the [[operating system]] [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] in the form of a number of small tasks, named Resource Managers. This differs from the more traditional [[monolithic kernel]], in which the operating system kernel is one very large program composed of a huge number of parts, with special abilities. In the case of QNX, the use of a microkernel allows users (developers) to turn off any functions they do not need without having to change the OS. Instead, such services will simply not run.

The QNX kernel, <code>procnto</code> (also name of the binary executable program for the QNX Neutrino ('nto') process ('proc') itself), contains only [[Scheduling (computing)|CPU scheduling]], [[interprocess communication]], [[interrupt]] redirection and timers. Everything else runs as a user process, including a special process known as <code>proc</code> which performs process creation and [[memory management]] by operating in conjunction with the [[microkernel]]. This is made possible by two key mechanisms: subroutine-call type interprocess communication, and a [[boot loader]] which can load an image containing the kernel and any desired set of user programs and shared libraries. There are no [[device drivers]] in the kernel. The network stack is based on [[NetBSD]] code.<ref name="core-64"/> Along with its support for its own, native, device drivers, QNX supports its legacy, ''io-net manager'' server, and the network drivers ported from NetBSD.<ref name="net-wiki"/>

QNX interprocess communication consists of sending a message from one process to another and waiting for a reply. This is a single operation, called <code>MsgSend</code>. The message is copied, by the kernel,{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} from the address space of the sending process to that of the receiving process. If the receiving process is waiting for the message, control of the CPU is transferred at the same time, without a pass through the CPU scheduler. Thus, sending a message to another process and waiting for a reply does not result in "losing one's turn" for the CPU. This tight integration between message passing and CPU scheduling is one of the key mechanisms that makes QNX message passing broadly usable. Most [[Unix]] and [[Linux]] interprocess communication mechanisms lack this tight integration, although a [[user space]] implementation of QNX-type messaging for Linux [[SIMPL|does exist]]. Mishandling of this subtle issue is a primary reason for the disappointing performance of some other microkernel systems such as early versions of [[Mach (kernel)|Mach]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} The recipient process need not be on the same physical machine.

All I/O operations, file system operations, and network operations were meant to work through this mechanism, and the data transferred was copied during message passing. Later versions of QNX reduce the number of separate processes and integrate the network stack and other function blocks into single applications for performance reasons.

Message handling is prioritized by [[thread (computer science)|thread]] priority. Since I/O requests are performed using message passing, high priority threads receive I/O service before low priority threads, an essential feature in a [[hard real-time]] system.

The boot loader is the other key component of the minimal microkernel system. Because user programs can be built into the boot image, the set of device drivers and support libraries needed for startup need not be, and are not, in the kernel. Even such functions as program loading are not in the kernel, but instead are in shared user-space libraries loaded as part of the boot image. It is possible to put an entire boot image into [[Read-only memory|ROM]], which is used for diskless embedded systems.

Neutrino supports [[symmetric multiprocessing]] and [[processor affinity]], called bound multiprocessing (BMP) in QNX terminology. BMP is used to improve cache hitting and to ease the migration of non-SMP safe applications to multi-processor computers.

Neutrino supports strict priority-preemptive scheduling and [[Adaptive Partition Scheduler|adaptive partition scheduling]] (APS). APS guarantees minimum CPU percentages to selected groups of threads, even though others may have higher priority. The adaptive partition scheduler is still strictly priority-preemptive when the system is underloaded. It can also be configured to run a selected set of critical threads strictly [[Real-time computing|real time]], even when the system is overloaded.

The QNX operating system also contained a web browser known as 'Voyager'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qnx.com/products/middleware/graphics/voyager.html|title=QNX Neutrino RTOS – Embedded OS &#124; BlackBerry QNX &#124; BlackBerry QNX}}</ref>

Due to its [[microkernel]] architecture QNX is also a [[distributed operating system]]. [[Dan Dodge]] and [[Peter van der Veen]] hold {{US patent|6697876|U.S. Patent 6,697,876: Distributed kernel operating system|src=uspto}} based on the QNX operating system's distributed processing features known commercially as Transparent Distributed Processing. This allows the QNX kernels on separate devices to access each other's system services using effectively the same communication mechanism as is used to access local services.{{primary source inline|date=January 2024}}

== Releases ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ QNX RTOS history<ref name="Unix history">{{cite web |author-last=Lévénez |author-first=Éric |title=UNIX History |website=levenez.com  |date=May 1, 2011 |url=http://www.levenez.com/unix/ |access-date=May 18, 2011}}</ref>
! Version
! Date
! Distribution medium
! Notes
|-
| 
| 1981
| 
| '''QUNIX''' Founded.
|-
| Beta
| 1983
| 
| As '''QNX Beta'''
|-
| 1.0
| 1984
| 
| 
|-
| 2.0
| 1987
| 
| Elements of [[4.3BSD]] like [[Internet protocol suite|TCP/IP]] and [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]] merged into '''QNX 2.0'''.
|-
| 2.21
| 1989
| 
| '''QNX 2.21'''
|-
| 4.0
| 1990
| 
| '''QNX 4.0'''
|-
| 4.1
| 1994
| 
| Elements of 4.4BSD into  '''QNX 4.1'''
|-
| 4.2
| 1995
| 
| '''QNX 4.2'''
|-
| 4.22
| 1995
| 
| '''QNX 4.22'''
|-
| 4.24
| 1995
| 
| QNX/Neutrino 1.0 is forked from '''QNX 4.24'''
|-
| 4.25
| 1997
| 
| '''QNX 4.25''' continues after fork with QNX/Neutrino 1.0.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ QNX/Neutrino microkernel history (forked from QNX 4.24 in 1996)
! Release
! Date
! Notes
|-
| 1.0
| 1996
| '''QNX/Neutrino 1.0''' as forked from QNX 4.24
|-
| 2.0
| 1998
| '''QNX/Neutrino 2.0'''
|-
| 2.10
| 1999
| '''QNX/Neutrino 2.10''' (QRTP)
|-
| 6
| January 18, 2001
| '''QNX RTOS 6'''
|-
| 6.1.0
| 2001
| '''QNX RTOS 6'''
|-
| 6.1.0 (patch A)
| September 28, 2001
| 
|-
| 6.2
| June 4, 2002
| '''QNX 6.2 (Momentics)'''
|-
| 6.2 (patch A)
| October 18, 2002
| '''QNX 6.2'''
|-
| 6.2.1
| February 18, 2003
| '''QNX 6.2.1 (Momentics)'''
|-
| 6.3
| June 3, 2004
| '''QNX 6.3'''
|-
|6.3.0 SP1
|{{dunno}}
|
|-
|6.3.0 SP2
|{{dunno}}
|
|-
|6.3.0 SP3/<br/>OS 6.3.2
|{{dunno}}
|
|-
|6.3.2
| August 16, 2006{{r|QNX_6.3.2_rel}}
|
|-
| 6.4.0
| October 30, 2008
| '''QNX Neutrino RTOS 6.4.0'''
|-
| 6.4.1
| May 2009
| '''QNX Neutrino RTOS 6.4.1'''
|-
| 6.5.0
| July 2010
| '''QNX Neutrino RTOS 6.5.0''' is forked to produce BBX,<br />as announced on October 18, 2011, and later previewed,<br />named "[[BlackBerry 10]] OS" on May 1, 2012.
|-
| 6.5 SP1
| July 11, 2012
| '''QNX Neutrino RTOS 6.5 SP1'''
|-
| 6.6
| February 28, 2014
| '''QNX 6.6'''
|-
| 7.0
| January 4, 2017
| '''QNX SDP 7.0''', first version with 64-bit support
|-
| 7.1
| July 23, 2020
| '''QNX SDP 7.1'''
|-
| 8.0
| December 2023
| '''QNX SDP 8.0'''{{r|QNX_8.0_rel}}
|}

== Uses ==

The [[BlackBerry PlayBook]] [[tablet computer]] designed by BlackBerry uses [[BlackBerry Tablet OS|a version of QNX]] as the primary operating system. The [[BlackBerry 10]] operating system is also based on QNX.

QNX is also used in car infotainment systems with many major car makers offering variants that include an embedded QNX architecture. It is supported by popular [[Transport Layer Security|SSL/TLS]] libraries such as [[wolfSSL]].<ref name="wolfssl"/>

Since the introduction of its "Safe Kernel 1.0" in 2010, QNX was projected and used subsequently in automated drive or [[Advanced driver-assistance systems|ADAS]] systems for automotive projects that require a [[functional safety]] certified RTOS. QNX provides this with its QNX OS for Safety products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/software-solutions/embedded-software/rail-safety/qnx-os-for-safety|title=QNX OS for Safety}}</ref>

QNX Neutrino (2001) has been [[Porting|ported]] to a number of platforms and now runs on practically any modern [[central processing unit]] (CPU) family that is used in the embedded market. This includes the [[PowerPC]], [[x86]], [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]], [[SuperH|SH-4]], and the closely interrelated group of [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[StrongARM]], and [[XScale]].

{{Asof|2023|6|26|post=,}} QNX software is now embedded in over 255 million<ref>{{cite web |title=QNX Embedded Technology Powers 255 Million Vehicles On The Road Today |url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/qnx-embedded-technology-powers-255-million-vehicles-on-the-road-today}}</ref> vehicles worldwide, including most leading OEMs and Tier 1s, such as BMW, Bosch, Continental, Dongfeng Motor, Geely, Ford, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo, and more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BlackBerry Software Is Now Embedded In Over 235 Million Vehicles |url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/company/newsroom/press-releases/2023/blackberry-software-is-now-embedded-in-over-235-million-vehicles |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.blackberry.com}}</ref>

== Licensing ==
On Jan 06, 2005, QNX made its software development platform available for non-commercial use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/company/newsroom/press-releases/2025/qnx-doubles-down-on-developer-support-to-fuel-embedded-software-innovation-everywhere |title=QNX Doubles Down on Developer Support to Fuel Embedded Software Innovation Everywhere }}</ref>

QNX offers a license for noncommercial and academic users.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/blackberry-launches-qnx-everywhere-to-address-global-embedded-software-developer-skills-shortage | title=BlackBerry Launches QNX Everywhere to Address Global Embedded Software Developer Skills Shortage }}</ref> In January 2024, BlackBerry introduced QNX Everywhere to make QNX more accessible to Hobbyists. QNX Everywhere was made publicly accessible in early 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qnx.com/products/everywhere/ | title=Free Access to QNX SDP 8.0 for Non-Commercial Use }}</ref>

== Community ==

* ''OpenQNX'' is a QNX Community Portal established and run independently. An IRC channel and Newsgroups access via web is available. Diverse industries are represented by the developers on the site.<ref name="oq-announce"/>
* ''Foundry27'' is a web-based QNX community established by the company. It serves as a hub to QNX Neutrino development where developers can register, choose the license, and get the source code and related toolkit of the RTOS.<ref name="qpr-foundry27"/>

===QNX Board Support Packages===

QNX Standard Support is available for a BSP that is listed below as available on QNX Software Center. For other BSPs, alternative forms of support (e.g., custom support plans, etc.) may be available or required from the “BSP Supplier” or “Board Vendor” indicated below. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2024 |title=QNX Board Support Packages |url=https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/developers/board-support-packages }}</ref>

=== BlackBerry QNX Partners ===
BlackBerry QNX has worked with a network of partner organizations to provide complementary technologies. These important relationships have ability to provide the foundational software, middleware, and services behind the world's most critical embedded systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2024 |title=Blackberry QNX Partners |url=https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/partners/blackberry-qnx-partners}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Comparison of operating systems]]
* [[Android Auto]]
* [[Android Automotive]]
* [[Automotive Grade Linux]]
* [[CarPlay]]
* [[Ford Sync]]
* [[HarmonyOS|HarmonyOS NEXT]]
* [[OpenHarmony]]
* [[Windows Embedded Automotive]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="tc-dec2014">{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/11/ford-ditches-microsoft-for-qnx-in-latest-in-vehicle-tech-platform/ |title=Ford Ditches Microsoft For QNX In Latest In-Vehicle Tech Platform |date=December 11, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Burns |work=[[TechCrunch]] |access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="QNXtoRIM">{{cite news | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/rim-to-buy-qnx-software/article4314576/ | title = RIM to buy QNX Software | agency = [[The Canadian Press]] | newspaper = [[The Globe and Mail]] | date = 9 April 2010 | access-date = 2010-04-09 | location=Toronto}}</ref>
<ref name="demoannounce">{{cite web |last=Hildebrand |first=Dan |date=6 June 1997 |url=https://marc.info/?l=freebsd-chat&m=103030933111004 |title=Think Small. (The 1.44M Web Challenge) |website=marc.info }}</ref>
<ref name="demodisk">{{cite web |url=http://www.qnx.com/demodisk/how.html |title=How we did it! |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991128112050/http://www.qnx.com/demodisk/how.html |archive-date=28 November 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="wolfssl">{{Cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |url=https://www.wolfssl.com/wolfssl-build-sizes-for-the-qnx-embedded-rtos/|title=wolfSSL Build Sizes for the QNX Embedded RTOS |date=17 September 2010 |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=wolfSSL}}</ref>
<ref name="patent">{{US patent|5745759|US5745759}}</ref>
<ref name="qnxcar">QNX CAR http://www.qnx.com/products/qnxcar/</ref>
<ref name="QNXDel">{{cite web | url = http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_1074_1.html | title = QNX Delivers Extremely Reliable Microkernel for Massively Scalable Routing System | date = 2004-08-17 | access-date = 2012-03-16}}</ref>
<ref name="cisco-ios">{{cite web|url=http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5763/products_tech_note09186a0080772675.shtml#a2|title=CRS-1 and IOS XR Operational Best Practices|website=Cisco}}</ref>
<ref name="IOSSM">{{cite web | url = http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t372212-which-os-is-behind-ios.html | title = Which OS is behind IOS? | author = Brad Reese- BradReese.Com | date = 2006-09-26 | access-date = 2012-03-16 | archive-date = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111222051318/http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t372212-which-os-is-behind-ios.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="qpr-source">{{cite web |url=http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_2471_1.html |title=QNX Publishes Neutrino Source Code and Opens Development Process |last=Leroux |first=Paul |date=12 September 2007 |website=www.qnx.com }}</ref>
<ref name="restrictedsource">{{cite web|url=http://community.qnx.com/sf/wiki/do/viewPage/projects.community/wiki/UpdatedQNXSourceAccessPolicyFAQ|title=foundry27: View Wiki Page: UpdatedQNXSourceAccessPolicyFAQ|website=community.qnx.com}}</ref>
<ref name="playbook_pressrelease">{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/RIM-Unveils-The-BlackBerry-PlayBook-NASDAQ-RIMM-1325727.htm|title=RIM Unveils The BlackBerry PlayBook|type=official press release|date=September 27, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="engadget">{{cite web |last=Molen |first=Brad |date=18 October 2011 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/research-in-motion-announces-bbx-combines-the-best-of-blackber/ |title=Research in Motion announces BBX, 'combines the best of BlackBerry and QNX' |website=Engadget |access-date=20 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="guardian-dec20112">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/dec/07/rim-bbx-os-injunction?newsfeed=true |title=BlackBerry-maker RIM forced to drop BBX name for new software|newspaper=Guardian|access-date=2013-01-20|location=London|first=Charles|last=Arthur|date=2011-12-07}}</ref>
<ref name="apple-carplay">{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/03/03/apple-inc-carplay-ios-monday/ |title=Apple Inc CarPlay brings iPhone features to GM, BMW, Ford and other car dashboards |newspaper=Financial Post|date=3 March 2014 |access-date=2014-03-28|last1=Hartley |first1=Matt }}</ref>
<ref name="zdnet-apple">{{cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/blackberrys-qnx-why-its-so-valuable-to-apple-google-auto-industry/ |title=BlackBerry's QNX: Why it's so valuable to Apple, Google, auto industry |work=ZDNet|access-date=2014-10-27}}</ref>
<ref name="QNXSDP70">{{Cite news |url=http://www.qnx.com/content/qnx/de/news/release/2017/63881.html |title=BlackBerry QNX Launches its Most Advanced and Secure Embedded Software Platform for Autonomous Drive and Connected Cars |date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
<ref name="core-64">{{cite web|title=Core Networking 6.4: Neutrino's Next Gen Networking Stack and Foundry27|url=http://community.qnx.com/sf/docman/do/downloadDocument/projects.networking/docman.root/doc1280}}</ref>
<ref name="net-wiki">{{cite web|url=http://community.qnx.com/sf/wiki/do/viewPage/projects.networking/wiki/Drivers_wiki_page|title=foundry27: View Wiki Page: Drivers_wiki_page|website=community.qnx.com}}</ref>
<ref name="oq-announce">OpenQNX Community Portal: [http://www.openqnx.com/node/1 Announce]</ref>
<ref name="qpr-foundry27">QNX Press Releases: [http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_2471_2.html Foundry27]</ref>

<ref name=QNX_8.0_rel>{{cite web
|url = https://www.qnx.com/developers/articles/rel_7063_0.html
|title = QNX® Software Development Platform (SDP) 8.0: Release Notes
|date = 11 December 2023
|language = en}}</ref>

<ref name=QNX8.0>{{cite web
|url = https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/products/foundation-software/qnx-software-development-platform
|title = QNX® Software Development Platform (SDP) 8.0
|date = 11 December 2023
|language = en}}</ref>

<ref name=QNX_6.3.2_rel>{{cite web
|url = https://www.qnx.com/developers/articles/rel_1629_10.html
|title = QNX® Neutrino® Core OS 6.3.2 Release Notes
|date = 16 August 2006
|language = en}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite journal |author=Dan Hildebrand |title=An Architectural Overview of QNX |journal=Proceedings of the Workshop on Micro-kernels and Other Kernel Architectures |year=1992 |url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=759105&dl=ACM&coll=&CFID=15151515&CFTOKEN=6184618 |pages=113–126 |isbn=1-880446-42-1}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|www.qnx.com}}
* [http://developer.blackberry.com/blackberry_world/ Development for QNX phones]
* [http://community.qnx.com/ Foundry27]
* [http://www.openqnx.com/ QNX User Community]
* [http://www.sf.net/projects/openqnx Open source applications]
* [http://www.aresluna.org/guidebook/guis/qnx GUIdebook > GUIs > QNX]
* [http://www.itbusiness.ca/it/client/en/CDN/News.asp?id=40793 QNX used for Canadian Nuclear Power Plants]
* [http://qnx.projektas.lt/qnxdemo/qnx_demo_disk.htm QNX demo floppy disk]

{{Research In Motion}}
{{Real-time operating systems}}
{{Unix}}
{{Microkernel}}
{{Mobile operating systems}}
{{Distributed operating systems}}
{{Authority control}}

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