Editing Quadrophenia

{{About|The Who's studio album|the 1979 film |Quadrophenia (film)|other uses|Quadrophenia (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name         = Quadrophenia
| type         = studio
| artist       = [[the Who]]
| cover        = Quadrophenia (album).jpg
| alt          = 
| released     = {{start date|df=y|1973|10|26}}
| recorded     = *May–June 1972
*May–September 1973
| studio       = [[Olympic Studios|Olympic]], [[Ramport Studios|Ramport]] and [[Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio]], London
| genre        = 
* [[Hard rock]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 300-201|url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-300-201-1426482|last=Barker|first=Emily|date=24 October 2013|website=[[NME]]|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405220011/https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-300-201-1426482|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= "RS 2004">{{cite book |chapter= The Who|last= Kemp|first= Mark|title=[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide|The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]] |year=2004 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |edition=4th |editor1-last=Brackett |editor1-first=Nathan |editor2-last=Hoard |editor2-first=Christian |isbn=0-7432-0169-8 |pages = 871–873}}</ref>
* [[art rock]]<ref name="Segretto 2022">{{cite book|title=33 1/3 Revolutions Per Minute – A Critical Trip Through the Rock LP Era, 1955–1999|first=Mike|last=Segretto|date=2022|chapter= 1973|pages= 293–294|publisher=Backbeat|isbn=9781493064601|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jtNtEAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
| length       = 81:42
| label        = 
*[[Track Records|Track]] (UK)
*[[Track Records|Track]]/[[MCA Records|MCA]] (US)
| producer     = The Who
| prev_title   = [[Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy]]
| prev_year    = 1971
| next_title   = [[Odds & Sods]]
| next_year    = 1974
| misc         = {{Singles
 | name        = Quadrophenia
 | type        = studio
 | single1     = [[5:15]]
 | single1date = October 1973 (UK)
 | single2     = [[Love, Reign o'er Me]]
 | single2date = October 1973 (US)
 | single3     = [[The Real Me (The Who song)|The Real Me]]
 | single3date = January 1974
}}
}}

'''''Quadrophenia''''' is the sixth [[studio album]] by the English rock band [[the Who]], released as a [[double album]] on 26 October 1973{{sfn|Unterberger|2011|p=232}} by [[Track Records]]. It is the group's third [[rock opera]], the previous two being the "mini-opera" song "[[A Quick One, While He's Away]]" (1966) and the album ''[[Tommy (The Who album)|Tommy]]'' (1969). Set in London and [[Brighton]] in 1965, the story follows a young [[mod (movement)|mod]] named Jimmy and his search for self-worth and importance. ''Quadrophenia'' is the only Who album entirely written by [[Pete Townshend]].

The group started work on the album in 1972 in an attempt to follow up ''Tommy'' and ''[[Who's Next]]'' (1971), both of which had achieved substantial critical and commercial success. Recording was delayed while bassist [[John Entwistle]] and singer [[Roger Daltrey]] recorded solo albums and drummer [[Keith Moon]] worked on films. Because a new studio was not finished in time, the group had to use [[Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio]]. The album makes significant use of Townshend's multi-track [[synthesizer]]s and [[sound effect]]s, as well as Entwistle's layered horn parts. Relationships between the group and manager [[Kit Lambert]] broke down irretrievably during recording, and he had left the band's service by the time the album was released.

''Quadrophenia'' was released to a positive reception in both the UK and the US, but the resulting tour was marred with problems with backing tapes replacing the additional instruments on the album, and the stage piece was retired in early 1974. It was revived in 1996 with a larger ensemble, and a further tour took place in 2012. The album made a positive impact on the [[mod revival]] movement of the late 1970s, and the resulting 1979 [[Quadrophenia (film)|film adaptation]] was successful. The album has been reissued on [[compact disc]] several times, and seen several remixes that corrected some perceived flaws in the original release.

== Plot ==
[[File:Brighton Beach on a perfect day - geograph.org.uk - 444700.jpg|thumb|200px|The second half of ''Quadrophenia'' takes place on and around [[Brighton|Brighton Beach]].]]
The original release of ''Quadrophenia'' came with a set of recording notes for reviewers and journalists that explained the basic story and plot.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=420}}

The narrative centres on a young working-class [[mod (subculture)|mod]] named Jimmy. He likes drugs, beach fights and romance,{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-04-03 |title=Forty years ago pictures of Mods and Rockers shocked polite society. |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/forty-years-ago-pictures-of-mods-and-rockers-shocked-polite-society-but-were-they-staged-by-the-press-5354522.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> and becomes a fan of the Who after a concert in [[Brighton]],<ref name=sleeve>{{cite AV media notes|title=Quadrophenia (1996 CD remaster)|publisher=Polydor|id=531 971-2|pp=2–4}}</ref> but is disillusioned by his parents' attitude towards him, dead-end jobs and an unsuccessful trip to see a [[psychiatrist]].{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}} He clashes with his parents over his use of [[amphetamines]],<ref name=sleeve /> and has difficulty finding regular work and doubts his own self-worth,{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=419}} quitting a job as a [[dustman]] after only two days.<ref name=sleeve /> Though he is happy to be "one" of the mods, he struggles to keep up with his peers, and his girlfriend leaves him for his best friend.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}}

After destroying his scooter and contemplating suicide, he decides to take a train to Brighton, where he had enjoyed earlier experiences with fellow mods. However, he discovers the "Ace Face" who led the gang now has a menial job as a [[bellboy]] in a hotel.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}} He feels everything in his life has rejected him, steals a boat, and uses it to sail out to a rock overlooking the sea.<ref name=sleeve /> On the rock and stuck in the rain, he contemplates his life. The ending is left ambiguous as to what happens to Jimmy.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}}

== Background ==
1972 was the least active year for the Who since they had formed. The group had achieved great commercial and critical success with the albums ''[[Tommy (The Who album)|Tommy]]'' and ''[[Who's Next]]'', but were struggling to come up with a suitable follow-up.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=395}} The group recorded new material with ''Who's Next'' collaborator [[Glyn Johns]] in May 1972, including "Is It in My Head" and "Love Reign O'er Me" which were eventually released on ''Quadrophenia'', and a mini-opera called "Long Live Rock – Rock Is Dead", but the material was considered too derivative of ''Who's Next'' and sessions were abandoned.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=396}} In an interview for ''Melody Maker'', guitarist and bandleader [[Pete Townshend]] said "I've got to get a new act together… People don't really want to sit and listen to all our past".{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=315}} He had become frustrated that the group had been unable to produce a film of ''Tommy'' (a [[Tommy (1975 film)|film version]] of ''Tommy'' would be released in 1975) or ''Lifehouse'' (the abortive project that resulted in ''Who's Next''), and decided to follow [[Frank Zappa]]'s idea of producing a musical soundtrack that could produce a narrative in the same way as a film. Unlike ''Tommy'', the new work had to be grounded in reality and tell a story of youth and adolescence that the audience could relate to.{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=177}}

Townshend became inspired by "Long Live Rock – Rock Is Dead"'s theme and in autumn 1972 began writing material, while the group put out unreleased recordings including "[[Join Together (The Who song)|Join Together]]" and "[[Relay (song)|Relay]]" to keep themselves in the public eye. In the meantime, bassist [[John Entwistle]] released his second solo album, ''[[Whistle Rymes]]'', singer [[Roger Daltrey]] worked on solo material, and [[Keith Moon]] featured as a drummer in the film ''[[That'll Be the Day (film)|That'll Be the Day]]''.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|pp=396,397}} Townshend had met up with "Irish" Jack Lyons, one of the original Who fans, which gave him the idea of writing a piece that would look back on the group's history and its audience.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=399}} He created the character of Jimmy from an amalgamation of six early fans of the group, including Lyons, and gave the character a four-way [[split personality]], which led to the album's title (a play on [[schizophrenia]]).{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}} Unlike other Who albums, Townshend insisted on composing the entire work, though he deliberately made the initial demos sparse and incomplete so that the other group members could contribute to the finished arrangement.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=413}}

Work was interrupted for most of 1972 in order to work on [[Lou Reizner]]'s orchestral version of ''Tommy''.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=400}} Daltrey finished his first solo album, which included the hit single "[[Giving It All Away]]",{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=405}} fueling rumours of a split in the press. Things were not helped by Daltrey discovering that managers [[Kit Lambert]] and [[Chris Stamp]] had large sums of money unaccounted for, and suggested they should be fired, which Townshend resisted.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|pp=406}}

== Recording ==
[[File:Serge modular synthesizer + ARP 2500.jpg|thumb|left|[[Pete Townshend]] used the [[ARP 2500]] synthesizer extensively on ''Quadrophenia'', and several tracks include the instrument [[overdubbed]] many times.]]
In order to do justice to the recording of ''Quadrophenia'', the group decided to build their own studio, [[Ramport Studios]] in [[Battersea]]. Work started on building Ramport in November 1972, but five months later it still lacked an adequate [[mixing desk]] that could handle recording ''Quadrophenia''.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=410}} Instead, Townshend's friend [[Ronnie Lane]], bassist for [[Faces (band)|Faces]], loaned his mobile studio for the sessions.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=324}} Lambert ostensibly began producing the album in May,{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=329}} but missed recording sessions and generally lacked discipline. By mid-1973, Daltrey demanded that Lambert leave the Who's services.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=412}} The band recruited engineer [[Ron Nevison]], who had worked with Townshend's associate John Alcock, to assist with engineering.<ref name=nevison>{{cite interview|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/nevison.html|title=Interview with Ron Nevison by Richie Unterberger|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204045918/http://www.richieunterberger.com/nevison.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

To illustrate the four-way split personality of Jimmy, Townshend wrote four [[theme (music)|themes]], reflecting the four members of the Who. These were "Bell Boy" (Moon), "Is It Me?" (Entwistle), "Helpless Dancer" (Daltrey) and "Love Reign O'er Me" (Townshend).{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=206}} Two lengthy instrumentals on the album, the title track and "The Rock", contain the four themes, separately and together. The instrumentals were not demoed but built up in the studio.{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=181}} Who author John Atkins described the instrumental tracks as "the most ambitious and intricate music the group ever undertook."{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=206}}

Most tracks involved each of the group recording their parts separately;{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=329}} unlike earlier albums, Townshend had left space in his demos for other band members to contribute, though most of the synthesizers on the finished album came from his [[ARP Instruments|ARP]] 2500 synthesizer and were recorded at home.<ref name=nevison />{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=413}} The only song arranged by the band in the studio was "5:15".{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=181}} According to Nevison, the ARP 2500 was impossible to record in the studio, and changing sounds was cumbersome due to a lack of [[Synthesizer#Patch|patches]], which required Townshend to work on these parts at home, working late into the night.<ref name=nevison /> To obtain a good [[string section]] sound on the album, Townshend bought a [[cello]] and over two weeks learned how to play it well enough to be recorded.{{sfn|Unterberger|2011|p=186}}

[[File:Goring & Streatley station geograph-2400086-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|250px|Townshend recorded the whistle of a [[Diesel locomotive|diesel train]] near his home in [[Goring-on-Thames]] as one of the album's sound effects.]]
Entwistle recorded his bass part to "The Real Me" in one take on a [[Gibson Thunderbird]]{{sfn|Unterberger|2011|p=203}} and spent several weeks during the summer arranging and recording numerous multi-tracked horn parts.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=414}} Having been forced to play more straightforwardly by Johns on ''Who's Next'', Moon returned to his established drumming style on ''Quadrophenia''. He contributed lead vocals to "Bell Boy", where he deliberately showcased an exaggerated narrative style.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|pp=345–346}} For the finale of "Love, Reign O'er Me", Townshend and Nevison set up a large group of percussion instruments, which Moon played before kicking over a set of [[tubular bells]], which can be heard on the final mix.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=414}}

During the album production, Townshend made many [[field recording]]s with a portable [[reel-to-reel]] recorder. These included waves washing on a Cornish beach and the [[doppler effect|doppler]] whistle of a diesel train recorded near Townshend's house at [[Goring-on-Thames]].{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=317}} The ending of "The Dirty Jobs" includes a musical excerpt from ''[[The Thunderer]]'', a [[March (music)|march]] by [[John Philip Sousa]], which Nevison recorded while watching a [[brass band]] play in [[Regent's Park]].<ref name=nevison /> Assembling the field recordings in the studio was problematic; at one point, during "I Am the Sea", nine tape machines were running sound effects.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=414}} According to Nevison, Townshend produced the album single-handedly, adding that "everything started when Pete got there, and everything finished when Pete left".<ref name=nevison /> Townshend began mixing the album in August at his home studio in Goring along with Nevison.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=331}}

== Release ==
The album was preceded by the single "5:15" in the UK, which benefited from a live appearance on ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' on 4 October 1973 and was released the next day.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=334}} It reached No.&nbsp;20 in the charts.{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=192}} In the US, "Love Reign O'er Me" was chosen as the lead single.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=334}}

''Quadrophenia'' was originally released in North America on 26 October and in the UK on 29 October,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/5295-1463-2|title=BPI}}</ref> but fans found it difficult to find a copy due to a shortage of vinyl caused by the [[OPEC oil price shock|OPEC oil embargo]].{{sfn|Unterberger|2011|p=232}} In the UK, ''Quadrophenia'' reached No.&nbsp;2, being held off the top spot by [[David Bowie]]'s ''[[Pin Ups]]''.{{efn|Ironically, ''Pin Ups'' contained cover versions of the Who songs "[[I Can't Explain]]" and "[[Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere]]".}} The album reached No.&nbsp;2 on the US ''Billboard'' chart, the highest position of any Who album in that country, being kept from No. 1 by [[Elton John]]'s ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]''.<ref name=disc>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewho.com/index.php?module=discography&discography_item_id=66&discography_tag=albums|title=The Who Official Band Website|access-date=12 July 2010|archive-date=14 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314222457/http://www.thewho.com/index.php?module=discography&discography_item_id=66&discography_tag=albums|url-status=live}}</ref>

The album was originally released as a two-[[vinyl record|LP]] set with a gatefold jacket and a booklet containing lyrics, a text version of the story, and photographs taken by [[Ethan Russell]] illustrating it.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gildart |first=Keith |title=Images of England Through Popular Music: Class, Youth and Rock 'n' Roll, 1955–1976 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 |page=232 |isbn=978-1-137-38425-6}}</ref> [[MCA Records]] re-released the album as a two-CD set in 1985 with the lyrics and text storyline on a thin fold-up sheet but none of the photographs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/quadrophenia-mr0000485621|title=Quadrophenia – The Who – MCA #6895|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=15 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715185822/http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/quadrophenia-mr0000485621|url-status=live}}</ref> The album was reissued as a [[Audio mastering|remastered]] CD in 1996, featuring a reproduction of the original album artwork.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/quadrophenia-mr0001250221|title=The Who – Quadrophenia – Polydor #5319712|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=15 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715090709/http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/quadrophenia-mr0001250221|url-status=live}}</ref> The original mix had been criticised in particular for Daltrey's vocals being buried, so the 1996 CD was completely remixed by [[Jon Astley]] and Andy Macpherson.{{sfn|Atkins|2000|pp=209–210}}

In 2011, Townshend and longtime Who engineer [[Bob Pridden]] remixed the album, resulting in a deluxe five-disc [[box set]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pete-townshend-announces-quadrophenia-box-set-20110602|title=Pete Townshend Announces 'Quadrophenia' Box Set|first=Andy|last=Greene|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=2 June 2011|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204045936/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pete-townshend-announces-quadrophenia-box-set-20110602|url-status=live}}</ref> Unlike earlier reissues, this set contains two discs of demos, including some songs that were dropped from the final running order of the album, and a selection of songs in [[5.1 surround sound]]. The box set came with a 100-page book including an essay by Townshend about the album sessions, with photos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consequenceofsound.net/2011/09/the-who-details-massive-quadrophenia-the-directors-cut-box-set/|title=The Who details massive Quadrophenia: The Directors Cut box set|first=Chris|last=Coplan|website=Consequence of Sound|date=8 September 2011|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=8 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708155129/http://consequenceofsound.net/2011/09/the-who-details-massive-quadrophenia-the-directors-cut-box-set/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, the standard two-CD version was re-released with a selection of the demos as bonus content; some Disc Two tracks were moved to Disc One to accommodate space for these demos. In 2014, the album was released on [[Blu-ray|Blu-ray Audio]] featuring a brand-new remix of the entire album by Townshend and Pridden in 5.1 surround sound as well the 2011 Deluxe Edition stereo remix and the original 1973 stereo LP mix.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-who-to-issue-quadrophenia-live-in-london-concert-film-20140417|title=The Who to Issue 'Quadrophenia: Live in London' Concert Film|first=Kory|last=Grow|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=17 April 2014|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053631/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-who-to-issue-quadrophenia-live-in-london-concert-film-20140417|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1score = {{rating|5|5}}<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|author-link=Richie Unterberger|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/quadrophenia-mw0000652644|title=Quadrophenia – The Who &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=19 May 2014|archive-date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508193031/http://www.allmusic.com/album/quadrophenia-mw0000652644|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|Christgau's Record Guide]]''
| rev2score = A−<ref name="CG">{{cite book |last=Christgau |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Christgau |chapter=Consumer Guide '70s: W |chapter-url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/get_chap.php?k=W&bk=70 |title=[[Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies]] |publisher=[[Ticknor & Fields]] |year=1981 |access-date=9 March 2019 |isbn=089919026X |via=robertchristgau.com |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510072755/https://www.robertchristgau.com/get_chap.php?k=W&bk=70 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]''
| rev3score = 10/10<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/the-who-quadrophenia-the-directors-cut |title=The Who – Quadrophenia: The Director's Cut &#124; Reviews &#124; Clash Magazine |publisher=Clashmusic.com |date=19 March 2014 |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224058/http://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/the-who-quadrophenia-the-directors-cut |url-status=live }}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[Digital Spy]]''
| rev4score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/review/a352524/the-who-quadrophenia-deluxe-edition-album-review.html |title=The Who: 'Quadrophenia' (Deluxe Edition) – Album review – Music Review |website=Digital Spy |date=23 November 2011 |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=18 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818214807/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/review/a352524/the-who-quadrophenia-deluxe-edition-album-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
| rev5score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|isbn=978-0195313734|title-link=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[MusicHound|MusicHound Rock]]''
| rev6score = 4/5<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Graff|editor-first=Gary|editor-last2=Durchholz|editor-first2=Daniel|title=MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide|publisher=Visible Ink Press|location=Farmington Hills, Michigan|year=1999|isbn=1-57859-061-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781578590612/page/1227 1227]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781578590612/page/1227}}</ref>
| rev7 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]''
| rev7score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-who/albumguide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206034417/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-who/albumguide |title=The Who: Album Guide |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |archive-date=6 February 2011 |access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref>
| rev8 = ''[[Tom Hull – on the Web]]''
| rev8score = B<ref>{{cite web|last=Hull|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Hull (critic)|date=n.d.|url=http://tomhull.com/ocston/nm/get_gl.php?n=The+Who|title=Grade List: The Who|website=Tom Hull – on the Web|access-date=19 July 2020|archive-date=19 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719114331/http://tomhull.com/ocston/nm/get_gl.php?n=The+Who|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
Critical reaction to ''Quadrophenia'' was positive. ''Melody Maker''{{'}}s [[Chris Welch]] wrote "rarely have a group succeeded in distilling their essence and embracing a motif as convincingly", while [[Charles Shaar Murray]] described the album in ''[[New Musical Express]]'' as the "most rewarding musical experience of the year".{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=209}} Reaction in the US was generally positive, though [[Dave Marsh]], writing in ''[[Creem]]'' gave a more critical response.{{sfn|Atkins|2000|p=209}} [[Lenny Kaye]], wrote in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' that "the Who as a whole have never sounded better" but added, "on its own terms, ''Quadrophenia'' falls short of the mark".<ref name=kaye>{{cite magazine |last=Kaye |first=Lenny |author-link=Lenny Kaye |title=The Who Quadrophenia Album Review |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/quadrophenia-19731220#ixzz3RSEJbP5t |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=20 December 1973 |access-date=11 February 2015 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218072914/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/quadrophenia-19731220#ixzz3RSEJbP5t |url-status=live }}</ref> In a year-end top albums list for ''[[Newsday]]'', [[Robert Christgau]] ranked it seventh, and found it exemplary of how 1973's best records "fail to reward casual attention. They demand concentration, just like museum and textbook art."<ref>{{cite news |last=Christgau |first=Robert |title=Returning With a Painful Top 30 List |url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/news/nd740113.php |newspaper=[[Newsday]] |date=13 January 1974 |access-date=5 June 2017 |archive-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615142927/http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/news/nd740113.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Retrospective reviews were also positive. Writing in ''[[Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies]]'' (1981), Christgau regarded ''Quadrophenia'' as more of an opera than ''Tommy'', possessing a brilliantly written albeit confusing plot, jarring but melodic music, and compassionate lyrics about "Everykid as heroic fuckup, smart enough to have a good idea of what's being done to him and so sensitive he gets pushed right out to the edge anyway".<ref name="CG"/> Chris Jones, writing for [[BBC Music]], said "everything great about the Who is contained herein."<ref name=jones>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Chris |title=Review of The Who – Quadrophenia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/qr54 |publisher=BBC Music |year=2008 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925114607/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/qr54 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', reviewing the album for its 40th anniversary, said: "Filled with performances packed with life and depth and personality, ''Quadrophenia'' is 90 minutes of the Who at its very best."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5763116/the-who-s-quadrophenia-at-40-classic-track-by-track-review|title=The Who's Quadrophenia at 40: Classic Track-By-Track Review|first=Caryn|last=Rose|magazine=Billboard|date=19 October 2013|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114030150/http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5763116/the-who-s-quadrophenia-at-40-classic-track-by-track-review|url-status=live}}</ref> The album has sold 1 million copies and has been certified Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8vKoEsPMqsC&pg=PA155|title=Heritage Music & Entertainment Auction #7006|series=Heritage Auctions|publisher=Heritage Capital Corporation|page=155|isbn=978-1-59967-369-1|access-date=10 September 2017|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418205146/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8vKoEsPMqsC&pg=PA155|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000 ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine placed ''Quadrophenia'' at No. 56 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clements |first=Ashley |title=Everything you need to know about The Who's Quadrophenia |url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/79177/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-whos-quadrophenia |publisher=GigWise |date=29 January 2013 |access-date=11 February 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211190642/http://www.gigwise.com/news/79177/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-whos-quadrophenia |url-status=live }}</ref> The album has been ranked at No. 267 on ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's list of [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|the 500 greatest albums of all time]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Who, 'Quadrophenia' – 500 Greatest Albums of All Time |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-who-quadrophenia-20120524 |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-date=19 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219131633/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-who-quadrophenia-20120524 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also ranked at No. 86 on [[VH1]]'s list of the 100 greatest albums of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2001/vh1albums.htm|title=VH1 greatest albums of all time|publisher=VH1|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>

Townshend now considers ''Quadrophenia'' to be the last great album that the Who recorded. In 2011, he said the group "never recorded anything that was so ambitious or audacious again", and implied that it was the last album to feature good playing by Keith Moon.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Graff |first=Gary |title=Pete Townshend on 'Quadrophenia,' The Who's 'Last Great Album' |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/465182/pete-townshend-on-quadrophenia-the-whos-last-great-album |magazine=Billboard |date=11 November 2011 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092539/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/465182/pete-townshend-on-quadrophenia-the-whos-last-great-album |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Live performances ==

=== 1973–1974 tour ===
The band toured in support of ''Quadrophenia'' but immediately encountered difficulties playing the material live. To achieve the rich overdubbed sound of the album on stage, Townshend wanted [[Chris Stainton]] (who had played piano on some tracks) to join as a touring member. Daltrey objected to this and believed the Who's performances should only have the four core members.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|pp=425–426}} To obtain the required instrumentation without additional musicians, the group elected to employ taped backing tracks for live performance, as they had already done for "[[Baba O'Riley]]" and "[[Won't Get Fooled Again]]".{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=247,359}} Initial performances were plagued by malfunctioning equipment. Once the tapes started, the band had to play to them, which constrained their styles. Moon, in particular, found playing ''Quadrophenia'' difficult as he was forced to stick to a click track instead of watching the rest of the band.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=359}}<ref name="townstimes">{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=James |title=Pete Townshend on Quadrophenia, touring with The Who and the Mod revival |date=20 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=UK |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6112382.ece |access-date=20 May 2009 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418205149/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The group only allowed two days of rehearsals with the tapes before touring, one of which was abandoned after Daltrey punched Townshend following an argument.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=359}}

The tour started on 28 October 1973. The original plan had been to play most of the album, but after the first gig at [[Stoke-on-Trent]], the band dropped "The Dirty Jobs", "Is It in My Head" and "I've Had Enough" from the set.{{sfn|Unterberger|2011|p=232}} Both Daltrey and Townshend felt they had to describe the plot in detail to the audience, which took up valuable time on stage.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=360}} A few shows later in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], the backing tapes to "5:15" came in late. Townshend stopped the show, grabbed Pridden, who was controlling the mixing desk, and dragged him onstage, shouting obscenities at him. Townshend subsequently picked up some of the tapes and threw them over the stage, kicked his amplifier over, and walked off. The band returned 20 minutes later, playing older material.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=336}}<ref name=Perrone>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/music-magazine/music-magazine-features/the-worst-gigs-of-all-time-772912.html|title=The worst gigs of all time|first=Pierre|last=Perrone|date=24 January 2008|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=25 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125220127/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/music-magazine/music-magazine-features/the-worst-gigs-of-all-time-772912.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Townshend and Moon appeared on local television the following day and attempted to brush things off. The Who played two other shows in Newcastle without incident.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=336}}

The US tour started on 20 November at the [[Cow Palace]] in San Francisco. The group were nervous about playing ''Quadrophenia'' after the British tour, especially Moon. Before the show, he was offered some [[tranquilliser]]s from a fan. Just after the show started, the fan collapsed and was hospitalised. Moon's playing, meanwhile, became incredibly erratic, particularly during ''Quadrophenia'' where he did not seem to be able to keep time with the backing tapes. Towards the end of the show, during "Won't Get Fooled Again", he passed out over his drumkit. After a 20-minute wait, Moon reappeared onstage, but after a few bars of "Magic Bus", collapsed again, and was immediately taken to hospital.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=361}} [[Scot Halpin]], an audience member, convinced promoter [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]] to let him play drums, and the group closed the show with him. Moon had a day to recover, and by the next show at the [[Los Angeles Forum]], was playing at his usual strength.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=362}} The group began to get used to the backing tapes, and the remainder of gigs for the US tour were successful.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=363}}

The tour continued in February 1974, with a short series of gigs in France.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=369}} The final show at the Palais de Sports in [[Lyon]] on the 24th was the last time ''Quadrophenia'' was played as a stage piece with Moon, who died in 1978. Townshend later said that Daltrey "ended up hating ''Quadrophenia'' – probably because it had bitten back".{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=346}} However, a small selection of songs remained in the set list; live performances of "Drowned" and "Bell Boy" filmed at [[Charlton Athletic FC|Charlton Athletic]] football ground on 18 May were later released on the ''[[30 Years of Maximum R&B]]'' box set.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|pp=351–352}}

=== 1996–1997 tour ===
In June 1996, Daltrey, Townshend and Entwistle revived ''Quadrophenia'' as a live concert. They performed at [[Hyde Park, London]] as part of the [[Prince's Trust]] "Masters of Music" benefit concert, playing most of the album for the first time since 1974. The concert was not billed as the Who, but credited to the three members individually. The performance also included [[Gary Glitter]] as the Godfather, [[Phil Daniels]] as the Narrator and Jimmy, [[Trevor MacDonald]] as the newsreader, [[Ade Edmondson|Adrian Edmondson]] as the Bell Boy and [[Stephen Fry]] as the hotel manager. The musical lineup included Townshend's brother [[Simon Townshend|Simon]], [[Zak Starkey]] on drums (his first appearance with the Who), guitarists [[David Gilmour]] (who played the bus driver) and [[Geoff Whitehorn]], keyboardists [[John "Rabbit" Bundrick]] and [[Jon Carin]], percussionist [[Jody Linscott]], [[Billy Nicholls]] leading a two-man/two-woman backing vocal section, and five brass players. During rehearsals, Daltrey was struck in the face by Glitter's microphone stand, and performed the concert wearing an [[eyepatch]].{{sfn|McMichael|Lyons|2011|pp=820–821}}

A subsequent tour of the US and UK followed, employing most of the same players but with [[Billy Idol]] replacing Edmondson,{{sfn|McMichael|Lyons|2011|p=822}} Simon Townshend replacing Gilmour and [[P. J. Proby]] replacing Glitter during the second half of the tour. 85,000 fans saw the ensemble perform ''Quadrophenia'' at [[Madison Square Garden]] over six nights in July 1996.{{sfn|McMichael|Lyons|2011|p=823}} A recording from the tour was subsequently released in 2005 as part of ''[[Tommy and Quadrophenia Live]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/tommy-and-quadrophenia-live-dvd-mw0001145902|title=Tommy and Quadrophenia: Live|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729013649/http://www.allmusic.com/album/tommy-and-quadrophenia-live-dvd-mw0001145902|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2010s tours ===
The Who performed Quadrophenia at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] on 30 March 2010 as part of the [[Teenage Cancer Trust]] series of ten gigs. This one-off performance of the rock opera featured guest appearances from [[Pearl Jam]]'s [[Eddie Vedder]] and [[Kasabian]]'s [[Tom Meighan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/live-music-reviews/7541787/The-Who-Quadrophenia-at-the-Royal-Albert-Hall-review.html|title=The Who: Quadrophenia at the Royal Albert Hall, review|first=Neil|last=McCormick|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=31 March 2010|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=9 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109145052/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/live-music-reviews/7541787/The-Who-Quadrophenia-at-the-Royal-Albert-Hall-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2012, the Who started a U.S. tour of ''Quadrophenia'', dubbed "[[Quadrophenia and More]]". The group played the entire album without any guest singers or announcements with the then regular Who line-up (including Starkey and bassist [[Pino Palladino]], who replaced Entwistle following his death in 2002) along with five additional musicians. The tour included additional video performances, including Moon singing "Bell Boy" from 1974 and Entwistle's bass solo in "5:15" from 2000.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-who-stage-quadrophenia-at-triumphant-brooklyn-concert-20121115|title=The Who Stage 'Quadrophenia' at Triumphant Brooklyn Concert|first=Andy|last=Greene|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=15 November 2012|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713050718/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-who-stage-quadrophenia-at-triumphant-brooklyn-concert-20121115|url-status=live}}</ref> After Starkey injured his wrist, session drummer Scott Devours replaced him for part of the tour with minimal rehearsal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who/|title=Scott Devours: From Here to the Who|first=Sander|last=Wolff|work=Long Beach Post|date=9 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627171430/https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who-part-2/|title=Scott Devours: From Here to the Who – Part 2|first=Sander|last=Wolff|work=Long Beach Post|date=10 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003902/https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who-part-2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who-part-3/|title=Scott Devours: From Here to the Who – Part 3|first=Sander|last=Wolff|work=Long Beach Post|date=12 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627171427/https://lbpost.com/hi-lo/scott-devours-from-here-to-the-who-part-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> The tour progressed, with Devours drumming, to the UK in 2013, ending in a performance at [[Wembley Arena]] in July.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/musicvideo/10919836/The-Who-Quadrophenia-Live-in-London-The-Sea-and-the-Sand-exclusive-footage.html|title=The Who: Quadrophenia Live in London&nbsp;– The Sea and the Sand&nbsp;– exclusive footage|first=Neil|last=McCormick|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=24 June 2014|access-date=25 November 2014|archive-date=29 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629080707/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/musicvideo/10919836/The-Who-Quadrophenia-Live-in-London-The-Sea-and-the-Sand-exclusive-footage.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2017, Townshend embarked on a short tour with [[Billy Idol]], [[Alfie Boe]], and an orchestra entitled "Classic Quadrophenia".<ref name="ultimateclassicrock.com Pete Townshend Classic Quadrophenia">{{cite web |url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/pete-townshends-classic-quadrophenia-tour/ |title=Pete Townshend's Classic Quadrophenia With Billy Idol Announces U.S. Tour Dates (by Michael Gallucci) |date=6 June 2017 |website=ultimateclassicrock.com |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232059/http://ultimateclassicrock.com/pete-townshends-classic-quadrophenia-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rollingstone.com Pete Townshend Classic Quadrophenia">{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pete-townshend-plots-short-classic-quadrophenia-tour-w486025 |title=Pete Townshend Plots Short 'Classic Quadrophenia' Tour – Townshend will revisit the Who's famous double album with an orchestra to reach "classical and pop music lovers alike" (by Elias Leight) |date=6 June 2017 |website=rollingstone.com |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231440/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pete-townshend-plots-short-classic-quadrophenia-tour-w486025 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Adaptations ==

=== Film ===
{{Main|2=Quadrophenia (film)}}
''Quadrophenia'' was revived for a [[Quadrophenia (film)|film version]] in 1979, directed by [[Franc Roddam]]. The film attempted to portray an accurate visual interpretation of Townshend's vision of Jimmy and his surroundings, and included [[Phil Daniels]] as Jimmy and [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] as the Ace Face.{{sfn|Fletcher|1998|p=535}} Unlike the ''Tommy'' film, the music was largely relegated to the background, and was not performed by the cast as in a rock opera. The [[Quadrophenia (soundtrack)|film soundtrack]] included three additional songs written by Townshend, which were [[Kenney Jones]]' first recordings as an official member of the Who.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/kenny-jones-joins-the-who-19781228|title=Kenny Jones Joins The Who|first=Salley|last=Rayl|first2=James|last2=Henke|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=28 December 1978|access-date=25 November 2014|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228042242/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/kenny-jones-joins-the-who-19781228|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a commercial and critical success, as it conveniently coincided with the [[mod revival]] movement of the late 1970s.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=510}}

=== Other productions ===
{{Main|Quadrophenia (musical)}}There have been several amateur productions of a ''Quadrophenia'' musical. In 2007, the [[Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama]] performed a musical based on the original album at the [[Sherman Theatre]], [[Cardiff]], featuring a cast of 12 backed by an 11-piece band.<ref name="Mod">{{cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/quadrophenia-gets-a-mod-ern-staging-2093600|title=Quadrophenia gets a Mod-ern staging|publisher=Wales Online|access-date=11 February 2023|date=10 July 2009}}</ref>

In October 1995, the rock group [[Phish]], with an additional four-man horn section, performed ''Quadrophenia'' in its entirety as their second [[Halloween]] ''[[Phish and their musical costumes#Musical costume 1995: Phish play The Who|musical costume]]'' at the [[Rosemont Horizon]] in the [[Chicago]] suburb of [[Rosemont, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/11/01/phish-does-the-who/|title=Phish Does The Who|first=Kevin|last=McKeough|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=1 November 1995|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209214825/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-11-01/news/9511010282_1_phish-quadrophenia-four-man-horn-section|url-status=live}}</ref> The recording was later released as a part of [[Live Phish Volume 14]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-phish-vol-14-mw0000226754|title=Live Phish, Vol. 14 – Phish|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304152321/http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-phish-vol-14-mw0000226754|url-status=live}}</ref> The band also covered the tracks "Drowned" and "Sea and Sand" on their live album ''[[Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden|New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-madison-square-garden-new-years-eve-1995-mw0000265994|title=Live at Madison Square Garden New Year's Eve 1995|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225093223/http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-madison-square-garden-new-years-eve-1995-mw0000265994|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2015, Townshend produced an orchestral version of the album entitled ''Classic Quadrophenia''. The album was orchestrated by his partner [[Rachel Fuller]] and conducted by Robert Ziegler, with instrumentation provided by the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]]. Tenor [[Alfie Boe]] sang the lead role, supported by the [[London Oriana Choir]], [[Billy Idol]], Phil Daniels, and Townshend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thewho.com/pete-townshend-announces-classic-quadrophenia|title=Pete Townshend announces classic Quadrophenia|date=December 2014|publisher=The Who (official website)|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707013704/http://thewho.com/pete-townshend-announces-classic-quadrophenia/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Track listing ==

=== Original release ===
{{Track listing
| headline = Side one
| all_writing = [[Pete Townshend]]
| extra_column = Lead vocal
| title1 = I Am the Sea
| length1 = 2:09
| extra1 = [[Roger Daltrey]]
| title2 = [[The Real Me (The Who song)|The Real Me]]
| length2 = 3:21
| extra2 = Daltrey
| title3 = Quadrophenia
| length3 = 6:14
| extra3 = (instrumental)
| title4 = Cut My Hair
| length4 = 3:45
| extra4 = [[Pete Townshend]] (verses), Daltrey (chorus)
| title5 = [[The Punk and the Godfather]]
| length5 = 5:11
| extra5 = Daltrey (verses and chorus), Townshend (bridge)
| total_length = 20:40
}}
*Track 5 is titled "The Punk Meets the Godfather" on the American version
{{Track listing
| headline = Side two
| extra_column = Lead vocal
| title1 = [[I'm One]]
| note1 = 
| length1 = 2:38
| extra1 = Townshend
| title2 = The Dirty Jobs
| length2 = 4:30
| extra2 = Daltrey
| title3 = Helpless Dancer
| note3 = Roger's theme
| length3 = 2:34
| extra3 = Daltrey
| title4 = Is It in My Head?
| length4 = 3:44
| extra4 = Daltrey (verses, bridge), [[John Entwistle]] (chorus)
| title5 = I've Had Enough
| length5 = 6:15
| extra5 = Daltrey and Townshend
| total_length = 19:41
}}
* Track 3 includes the intro to "[[The Kids Are Alright (song)|The Kids Are Alright]]" from ''[[My Generation (album)|My Generation]]''
{{Track listing
| headline = Side three
| extra_column = Lead vocal
| title1 = [[5:15]]
| length1 = 5:01
| extra1 = Daltrey, Townshend (intro and coda)
| title2 = [[Sea and Sand]]
| length2 = 5:02
| extra2 = Daltrey and Townshend
| title3 = [[Drowned (song)|Drowned]]
| length3 = 5:28
| extra3 = Daltrey
| title4 = [[Bell Boy (song)|Bell Boy]]
| length4 = 4:56
| note4 = Keith's theme
| extra4 = Daltrey and [[Keith Moon]]
| total_length = 20:27
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Side four
| extra_column = Lead vocal
| title1 = Doctor Jimmy
| length1 = 8:37
| note1 = Including John's theme, "Is It Me?”
| extra1 = Daltrey
| title2 = The Rock
| length2 = 6:38
| extra2 = (instrumental)
| title3 = [[Love, Reign o'er Me]]
| length3 = 5:49
| note3 = Pete's theme
| extra3 = Daltrey
| total_length = 21:04
}}

=== ''Quadrophenia: The Director's Cut'' track listing ===
{{Track listing
| all_writing = 
| headline = CD three: The Demos
| extra_column = Recording date
| title1 = The Real Me
| extra1 = written and recorded in October 1972
| length1 = 4:24
| title2 = Quadrophenia – Four Overtures
| extra2 = in 1973
| length2 = 6:20
| title3 = Cut My Hair
| extra3 = written in June 1972
| length3 = 3:28
| title4 = Fill No. 1 – Get Out and Stay Out
| extra4 = 12 November 1972
| length4 = 1:22
| title5 = Quadrophenic – Four Faces
| extra5 = in July 1972
| length5 = 4:02
| title6 = We Close Tonight
| extra6 = in July 1972
| length6 = 2:41
| title7 = You Came Back
| extra7 = in July 1972
| length7 = 3:16
| title8 = Get Inside
| extra8 = written in April 1972
| length8 = 3:09
| title9 = Joker James
| extra9 = in July 1972
| length9 = 3:41
| title10 = Ambition
| extra10 = written early in 1972
| length10 = 0:00
| title11 = Punk
| extra11 = 18 November 1972
| length11 = 4:56
| title12 = I'm One
| extra12 = 15 November 1972
| length12 = 2:37
| title13 = Dirty Jobs
| extra13 = 25 July 1972
| length13 = 3:45
| title14 = Helpless Dancer
| extra14 = in 1973
| total_length = 43:38 
| length14 = 2:16
}}
{{Track listing
| all_writing = 
| headline = CD four: The Demos
| extra_column = Recording date
| title1 = Is It in My Head?
| extra1 = 30 April 1972
| length1 = 4:12
| title2 = Anymore
| extra2 = listed as recorded on 10 November 1971, but probably a misprint; actual year would have been 1972
| length2 = 3:19
| title3 = I've Had Enough
| extra3 = written and recorded on 17 December 1972
| length3 = 6:21
| title4 = Fill No. 2
| extra4 = 12 November 1972
| length4 = 1:30
| title5 = Wizardry
| extra5 = in August 1972
| length5 = 3:10
| title6 = Sea and Sand
| extra6 = written and recorded on 1 November 1972
| length6 = 4:13
| title7 = Drowned
| extra7 = in March 1970
| length7 = 4:14
| title8 = Is It Me?
| extra8 = 20 March 1973
| length8 = 4:37
| title9 = Bell Boy
| extra9 = 3 March 1973
| length9 = 5:03
| title10 = Doctor Jimmy
| extra10 = 27 July 1972
| length10 = 7:28
| title11 = Finale – The Rock
| extra11 = between 25 March and 1 May 1973
| length11 = 7:57
| title12 = Love Reign O'er Me
| extra12 = 10 May 1972
| total_length = 57:14
| length12 = 5:10
}}

== Personnel ==
Taken from the sleeve notes:<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Quadrophenia|publisher=Track Records|id=2657 013|year=1973}}</ref>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
'''The Who'''
*[[John Entwistle]] – [[bass guitar]], [[brass instrument|brass/horns]], backing vocals, co-lead vocals on 'Is It in My Head?'
*[[Roger Daltrey]] – lead vocals (all except 'Quadrophenia' (instrumental), 'I'm One' (Townshend) and 'The Rock' (instrumental)), co-lead vocals on 'Cut My Hair'
*[[Keith Moon]] – [[drum kit|drums]], [[percussion]], co-lead vocals on 'Bell Boy'
*[[Pete Townshend]] – [[guitar]]s, [[musical keyboard|keyboards]], [[banjo]] on 'I've Had Enough', [[cello]], backing vocals, lead vocals on 'Cut My Hair' and 'I'm One', co-lead vocals on 'The Punk and The Godfather', 'I've Had Enough' '5:15', and 'Sea and Sand'

'''Additional musicians'''
*John Curle – [[News presenter|newsreader voice]] on "Cut My Hair"
*[[Chris Stainton]] – [[piano]] on "The Dirty Jobs", "5:15", and "Drowned"

{{Col-2}}
'''Production'''
*The Who – production
*[[Kit Lambert]] – pre-production, executive production
*Pete Townshend – pre-production, [[sound effect]]s{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=329}}
*[[Chris Stamp]] – executive production
*Pete Kameron – executive production
*[[Ron Nevison]] – [[Audio engineer|engineering]], special effects
*Ron Fawcus – [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]] continuity, engineering assistance
*[[Bob Pridden]] – studio earphone
*[[Rod Houison]] – special effects
*Graham Hughes – front cover design and photography
*[[Ethan Russell]] – [[Art director|art direction]], insert photography
*[[Jon Astley]] – remixing (1996 reissue)<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Quadrophenia (CD reissue)|publisher=Polydor|id=531 971-2|year=1996}}</ref>
*[[Bob Ludwig]] – [[Audio mastering|remastering]] (1996 reissue)
*[[Richard Evans (designer)|Richard Evans]] – design and art direction (1996 reissue and 2011 super deluxe edition)
{{Col-end}}

==Charts==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+1973–1974 weekly chart performance for ''Quadrophenia''
! scope="col"| Chart (1973–1974)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row"| Australian Albums ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref name=aus>{{cite book|last=Kent|first=David|author-link=David Kent (historian)|title=Australian Chart Book 1970–1992|edition=illustrated|publisher=Australian Chart Book|location=St Ives, N.S.W.|year=1993|isbn=0-646-11917-6}}</ref>
| align="center"| 7
|-
{{album chart|Austria|8|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|-
{{album chart|Canada|2|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|chartid=4976a|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|-
{{album chart|Germany4|7|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|id=9557|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|-
!scope="row"|Italian Albums (''[[Musica e Dischi]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php|title=Classifiche|work=[[Musica e Dischi]]|language=it|access-date=27 May 2022}} Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Who".</ref>
| align="center"| 12
|-
{{album chart|UK|2|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|2|artist=The Who|access-date=6 December 2022|rowheader=true}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+2011 weekly chart performance for ''Quadrophenia''
! Chart (2011)
! Peak<br />position
|-
{{album chart|Netherlands|87|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+2014 weekly chart performance for ''Quadrophenia''
! Chart (2014)
! Peak<br />position
|-
{{album chart|Italy|60|artist=The Who|album=Quadrophenia|rowheader=true|access-date=6 December 2022}}
|}
{{col-2}}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+1974 year-end chart performance for ''Quadrophenia''
! scope="col" | Chart (1974)
! scope="col" | Position
|-
! scope="row" | German Albums ([[GfK Entertainment charts|Offizielle Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1974|title=Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts|date=1974|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts]]|language=de|access-date=2 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612213157/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1974|archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>
| 25
|}
{{col-end}}

==Certifications==
{{certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for ''Quadrophenia''}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=album|relyear=1973|region=Canada|artist=The Who|title=Live at Leeds|certyear=1973|award=Platinum|certref=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artfoxlive.com/product/1687828.html#prettyPhoto|date=18 March 2023|title= The Who / Roger Daltrey: A 'Platinum' Sales award for the album Quadrophenia}}</ref>}}
{{certification Table Entry|region=France|type=album|award=Gold|artist=The Who|source=infodisc|relyear=1973|certyear=1992}}
{{certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=album|award=Gold|title=Quadrophenia|artist=The Who|relyear=1973|certyear=1973|id=5295-1463-2}}
{{certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=album|award=Platinum|title=Quadrophenia|artist=The Who|relyear=1973|certyear=1993}}
{{certification Table Bottom}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first=John|last=Atkins|title=The Who on Record: A Critical History, 1963–1998|publisher=McFarland|year=2000|isbn=978-0-7864-0609-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Fletcher|first=Tony|author-link=Tony Fletcher|title=Dear Boy: The Life of Keith Moon|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-1-84449-807-9|year=1998}}
* {{cite book|first=Dave|last=Marsh|author-link=Dave Marsh|title=Before I Get Old: The Story of The Who|publisher=Plexus|isbn=978-0-85965-083-0|year=1983}}
* {{cite book|first=Joe|last=McMichael|first2=Jack|last2=Lyons|title=The Who: Concert File|publisher=Omnibus Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-85712-737-2}}
* {{cite book|first=Andrew|last=Neill|first2=Matthew|last2=Kent|title=Anyway Anyhow Anywhere – The Complete Chronicle of The Who|publisher=Virgin|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7535-1217-3}}
* {{cite book|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|title=Won't Get Fooled Again: The Who from Lifehouse to Quadrophenia|publisher=Jawbone Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-906002-75-6}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite magazine|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-who-how-we-made-quadrophenia|title=The Who: How We Made Quadrophenia|first=Rob|last=Hughes|magazine=Classic Rock magazine|date=26 October 2016|ref=none|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003919/https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-who-how-we-made-quadrophenia|url-status=live}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Discogs master|type=album|68475|name=Quadrophenia}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100702221937/http://www.thewho.net/linernotes/Quad.htm Liner Notes – Quadrophenia] – fan site

{{Quadrophenia}}
{{The Who}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Quadrophenia| ]]
[[Category:1973 albums]]
[[Category:1970s concept albums]]
[[Category:Track Records albums]]
[[Category:MCA Records albums]]
[[Category:Mod revival]]
[[Category:Rock operas]]
[[Category:Rock musicals]]
[[Category:The Who albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Kit Lambert]]
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[[Category:Albums produced by Pete Townshend]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at Olympic Sound Studios]]
[[Category:Mod (subculture)]]
[[Category:Art rock albums by English artists]]