Editing Quail

{{Short description|Index of birds with the same name}}
{{Other uses|Quail (disambiguation)}}
{{Paraphyletic group
| name = Quail
| image = Brown Quail.jpg
| image_alt = Brown quail ("Coturnix ypsilophora")
| image_caption = [[Brown quail]] (''Synoicus ypsilophorus'')
| auto = yes
| parent = Phasianoidea
| includes = 
*[[Odontophoridae]] <small>[[John Gould|Gould]], 1844</small>
*[[Phasianidae]] subfamily [[Perdicinae]] <small>[[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1821</small>(partial)
**''[[Anurophasis]]'' <small>[[Eduard Daniël van Oort|van Oort]], 1910</small>
**''[[Coturnix]]'' <small>[[François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault|Garsault]], 1764</small>
**''[[Ophrysia]]'' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1856</small>
**''[[Perdicula]]'' <small>[[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Hodgson]], 1837</small>
| excludes = 
*[[Numididae]]
*all other members of [[Phasianidae]]
}}
[[File:Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) (W1CDR0001390 BD1).ogg|thumb|Call of a male [[common quail]] (''Coturnix coturnix'')]]
[[File:Quial Bird in Shankipara, Mymensingh.jpg|thumb|Quail in Shankipara, [[Mymensingh]], [[Bangladesh]]]]

'''Quail''' is a collective name for several [[genera]] of mid-sized [[bird]]s generally placed in the order [[Galliformes]]. The [[collective noun]] for a group of quail is a [[flock (birds)|flock]], covey,<ref>[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm USGS - Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320071411/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm |date=March 20, 2015 }}</ref> or bevy.<ref>"[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bevy Bevy]", ''Merriam-Webster.com''.</ref> 

[[Old World quail]] are placed in the family [[Phasianidae]], and [[New World quail]] are placed in the family [[Odontophoridae]]. The species of [[buttonquail]] are named for their superficial resemblance to quail, and form the [[family (biology)|family]] Turnicidae in the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Charadriiformes]]. The [[king quail]], an Old World quail, often is sold in the pet trade, and within this trade is commonly, though mistakenly, referred to as a "button quail". Many of the common larger species are farm-raised for [[Quails in cookery|table food]] or [[Quail eggs|egg consumption]], and are [[hunting|hunted]] on game farms or in the wild, where they may be released to supplement the wild population, or extend into areas outside their natural range. In 2007, 40 million quail were produced in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=2007 Census of Agriculture: United States Summary and State Data Volume 1 • Geographic Area Series • Part 51 AC-07-A-51|date=February 2009|publisher=[[USDA]]|page=423|url=http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/usv1.pdf|access-date=2014-02-04|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132158/https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/usv1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==New World==
*Genus ''[[Callipepla]]''<!-- reviews: Auk115:394 -->
**[[Scaled quail]], (commonly called blue quail) ''Callipepla squamata''
**[[Elegant quail]], ''Callipepla douglasii''
**[[California quail]], ''Callipepla californica''
**[[Gambel's quail]], ''Callipepla gambelii''
*Genus ''[[Cyrtonyx]]''
**[[Montezuma quail]], ''Cyrtonyx montezumae''
**[[Ocellated quail]], ''Cyrtonyx ocellatus''
*Genus ''Dactylortyx''
**[[Singing quail]], ''Dactylortyx thoracicus''
*Genus ''Philortyx''
**[[Banded quail]], ''Philortyx fasciatus''
*Genus ''[[Colinus]]''
**[[Bobwhite quail|Northern bobwhite]], ''Colinus virginianus''
**[[Black-throated bobwhite]], ''Colinus nigrogularis''
**[[Spot-bellied bobwhite]], ''Colinus leucopogon''
**[[Crested bobwhite]], ''Colinus cristatus''
*Genus ''[[Odontophorus]]''
**[[Marbled wood quail]], ''Odontophorus gujanensis''
**[[Spot-winged wood quail]], ''Odontophorus capueira''
**[[Black-eared wood quail]], ''Odontophorus melanotis''
**[[Rufous-fronted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus erythrops''
**[[Black-fronted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus atrifrons''
**[[Chestnut wood quail]], ''Odontophorus hyperythrus''
**[[Dark-backed wood quail]], ''Odontophorus melanonotus''
**[[Rufous-breasted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus speciosus''
**[[Tacarcuna wood quail]], ''Odontophorus dialeucos''
**[[Gorgeted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus strophium''
**[[Venezuelan wood quail]], ''Odontophorus columbianus''
**[[Black-breasted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus leucolaemus''
**[[Stripe-faced wood quail]], ''Odontophorus balliviani''
**[[Starred wood quail]], ''Odontophorus stellatus''
**[[Spotted wood quail]], ''Odontophorus guttatus''
*Genus ''Oreortyx''
**[[Mountain quail]], ''Oreortyx pictus''
*Genus ''Rhynchortyx''
**[[Tawny-faced quail]], ''Rhynchortyx cinctus''

==Old World==
*Genus ''[[Coturnix]]''
**[[Common quail]] (also called Pharaoh, Bible, European or Nile quail), ''Coturnix coturnix''<ref>{{cite web |url= https://lancaster.unl.edu/4h/embryology/japanesequail.shtml |title= Japanese Quail - Lancaster County 4-H (japanesequail) - Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County - University of Nebraska–Lincoln |agency= University of Nebraska-Lincoln Web Developer Network |website= lancaster.unl.edu |access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
**[[Japanese quail]], ''Coturnix japonica''
**[[Stubble quail]], ''Coturnix pectoralis''
**†[[New Zealand quail]], ''Coturnix novaezelandiae''  (extinct)
**[[Rain quail]], ''Coturnix coromandelica''
**[[Harlequin quail]], ''Coturnix delegorguei''
**†[[Canary Islands quail]], ''Coturnix gomerae'' (fossil)
*Genus ''[[Synoicus]]''
**[[Brown quail]], ''Synoicus ypsilophorus''
**[[Blue quail]], ''Synoicus adansonii''
**[[King quail]], ''Synoicus chinensis''
**[[Snow Mountain quail]], ''Synoicus monorthonyx''
*Genus ''[[Perdicula]]''
**[[Jungle bush quail]], ''Perdicula asiatica''
**[[Rock bush quail]], ''Perdicula argoondah''
**[[Painted bush quail]], ''Perdicula erythrorhyncha''
**[[Manipur bush quail]], ''Perdicula manipurensis''
*Genus ''[[Ophrysia]]''
**[[Himalayan quail]], ''Ophrysia superciliosa''  (critically endangered/extinct)

==In culture and religion==

*Quails were depicted in ancient Egyptian paintings, the quail drawing in hieroglyphics is equal to the letter "O"<ref>https://www.omlet.co.uk/guide/quails/about_quail/history/</ref>
*In the letter of Shepsi to his mother, one of the Egyptian [[letters to the dead]], her wrote reminding her of all the good deeds he performed during her lifetime. Saying … you said to me, your son, “you shall bring me some quails that I may eat them” and I, your son, then brought you seven quails and you ate them …, 

*Quails were mentioned in all three [[Abrahamic religions]] in the Old Testament. It was mentioned several times, for example: in Exodus (16:13-15) “That evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning, there was a layer of dew around the camp. When the dew was gone, thin flakes like frost on the ground appeared on the desert floor. When the Israelites saw it, they said to each other, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them, “It is the bread the Lord has given you to eat”
Psalm (78:30-31) mentioned 
that many Israelites died after eating quail mentioning “But before they turned from what 
they craved, even while the food was still in their mouths, God’s anger rose against them; he 
put to death the sturdiest among them”

In the [[Quran]] in surah taha verse 80 “ O Children of Israel! We saved you from your enemy, and made an appointment with you on the right side of Mount Ṭûr, and sent down to you manna and quails”
<ref>https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_246947_9b6a87f9318c6a0480b9fdea8ba672d5.pdf</ref>

* In Author [[Naguib Mahfouz]]'s novel [[Autumn Quail]] the quail is used as an [[allegory]] for the fleeting happiness of the protagonist 

*The neighbourhood near the [[Giza pyramid complex]] that includes the horse stables and tourist gift shops is called "Nazlet el Semman" which means "Quails landing" it got that name because quail birds would descend to the area during their seasonal migration<ref>https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/01/21/the-stables-of-nazlet-el-semman/</ref><ref>https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.vetogate.com/5209619</ref>

==Quail in cookery==
{{main|Quail as food}}
Quail that have fed on [[conium|hemlock]] (e.g., during migration) may induce [[acute kidney injury]] due to accumulation of toxic substances from the hemlock in the meat; this problem is referred to as "[[coturnism]]".<ref name="pmid15313988">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tsironi M, Andriopoulos P, Xamodraka E, etal |title=The patient with rhabdomyolysis: have you considered quail poisoning? |journal=CMAJ |volume=171 |issue=4 |pages=325–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15313988 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.1031256|pmc=509041}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Birds}}
* [[Quail eggs]]
* [[Domesticated quail]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary|quail}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Quail|short=x}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Quail|short=x}}

{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Quails| ]]
[[Category:Birds by common name]]