Editing Quartermaster

{{short description|Army supply personnel or naval enlisted rating}}
{{otheruses}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
[[File:EINQUARTIERUNG.jpg|thumb|right|320px|{{lang|pl|[[Wojciech Kossak]]|italic=no}}, quartering (Quartermaster), circa 1893]]

'''Quartermaster''' is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land [[army|armies]], a quartermaster is an officer who supervises [[military logistics|logistics and requisitions]], manages stores or [[barrack]]s, and distributes [[materiel|supplies]] and [[wikt:provision|provisions]]. In many [[navy|navies]], a quartermaster is a seaman or [[petty officer]] with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the {{lang|de|Quartiermeister}}. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the [[quarterdeck]]" where the [[helmsman]] and [[captain]] controlled the ship.  The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent [[#French Navy|French]] and Dutch naval titles {{lang|fr|quartier-maître}} and {{lang|nl|kwartier-meester}}, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.

==Army use==
[[File:Siegelmarke General Quartiermeister W0285515.jpg|thumb|Seal of the [[Prussian Army]] Quartermaster General]]
For land armies, the term was first coined in Germany as ''Quartiermeister'' and initially denoted a [[Noble court|court]] official with the duty of preparing the monarch's sleeping quarters. In the 17th century, it started to be used in various militaries in the sense of organizing supplies.



From at least the [[English Civil War]] period until 1813, the quartermaster was the senior NCO in a British cavalry troop, in which context he had nothing to do with supply. In that year, the position was replaced by the new appointment of [[troop sergeant major]], with the cavalry adopting commissioned, regimental quartermasters as described above.

===Canada===
From [[Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps]] standing orders:

{{blockquote|For many centuries – indeed perhaps as long as there have been organized military units – the appointment of quartermaster has been significant in armies. Until recent times, the British Army almost invariably rewarded an outstanding RSM by appointing him quartermaster of his battalion, thus ensuring the unit an experienced officer who knew the unit thoroughly and would prove difficult to mislead or beguile. [The past tense is in fact incorrect, as the British Army still has this policy.]

As the complexities of the Army and its material increased, an officer with greater professional technical knowledge of the problems that surround stores management was required for the Quartermaster's duties.  Under authority of Canadian Army Order 201 – 16 dated 8 February 1954, the Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps assumed these responsibilities and undertook to train and provide unit quartermasters and staff for all corps of the Canadian Army (Regular) except the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and Royal Canadian Dental Corps.}}

In recent years, the quartermaster has been a specially trained officer of the [[Royal Canadian Logistics Service]], though CFR (commissioned from ranks) officers have been known to accept regimental appointments such as quartermaster.

===Israel===
[[Image:taito.jpg|thumb|right|upright|CWO Yitshak Taito, Rasar of [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] Officers' Academy]]
In the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], the battalion quartermaster is also the commander of the battalions support company, known as the battalion headquarters company. In the standing army he is usually a captain, but the role is a major's role. In the reserve army he is usually a major. While most of the staff officers are directly under the command of the battalion commander, the quartermaster has a lieutenant, a logistics officer and a junior ordnance officer (the battalion's ordnance platoon commander) under his direct command. He is in charge of all logistics issues in the battalion and also in charge of the battalion's headquarter's day-to-day life.
He is commissioned as an officer by the ''ramatkal'' (the army's general chief of staff), and as a logistic officer by ''kalar'' (the army's general logistic officer).
In large camps and higher headquarters (brigade, division and corps HQ), apart from the staff officer in charge of logistics, there is also a role defined mostly as "camp commander", who is in charge of the HQ logistic issues, ceremonies and parades and discipline. These duties differ slightly in the air force and navy. The ranks of IDF quartermasters vary from sergeant major to CWO, depending on the size of the camp. Most soldiers refer to him as ''rasar'' (the Hebrew acronym for the rank of 2WO) without regarding his actual rank. Quartermasters are identified (in all IDF branches) by a blue and white [[aiguillette]] on the left shoulder.

===Switzerland===
In the [[Swiss Army]], a quartermaster (Qm) is an officer (from 2 Lt. to colonel) in charge with the coordination of the {{lang|de|Kommissariatsdienst}} (accountancy, post-service, fuel resupply, "all sort of food" resupply and others) of a [[battalion]], [[regiment]] and [[brigade]]/[[Division (military)|division]]. His function is more a control and supervision function: a [[staff officer]] for the respective commander. The Qm has a direct subordinate at company level: it is the company quartermaster sergeant.{{refn|name=Switzerland|group=N| [[Quartermaster Sergeant|QMS]] – the English definition for international engagement and also a new grade insigni, see "Gradstrukturen der Armee XXI_revidiert" since 2001 on [[Swiss army ranks]] }} The [[company quartermaster sergeant]] is known since the 18th century as {{lang|de|Fourier}} or {{lang|de|[[Einheits-Fourier]]}} and has the rank equivalent of a senior non-commissioned-officer like the company sergeant major (since 2001 company chief sergeant major, CMS) and they are ranked (for better understanding in NATO-ranks even though Switzerland, as a neutral state, is not part of NATO) OR-7 in the senior NCO's category ({{langx|de|Höhere Unteroffiziere}}). For technical questions, the QMS is subordinated to the Qm officer (Qm 2 Lt, Qm 1 lt or Qm captain incorporated in the staff of a battalion/group). The tasks of resupply are assigned at company level to the two SNCO's (CSM and QMS). The QMS is the material executor of the Qm tasks at company level and for the command chain together with the CSM, directly subordinated to the company commander (captain) as staff NCOs. The {{lang|de|Fourier}} is also the substitute of the chief sergeant major ({{lang|de|Hauptfeldweibel}}), if considering the command platoon by itself.

===United Kingdom===
In the [[British Army]] and [[Royal Marines]], the quartermaster (QM) is the [[commissioned officer]] in a [[battalion]] or [[regiment]] responsible for supply. By longstanding tradition, they are always commissioned from the ranks and hold the rank of [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] or [[Major (rank)|major]] (although until the 20th century the quartermaster was usually a [[lieutenant]]). Some units also have a technical quartermaster, who is in charge of technical stores. The quartermaster is assisted by the [[regimental quartermaster sergeant]] (RQMS) (and the technical quartermaster by the technical quartermaster sergeant (TQMS)) and a staff of [[storeman|storemen]]. The QM, RQMS and storemen are drawn from the regiment or [[corps]] in which they work, not from the [[Royal Logistic Corps]] (or its predecessors), which is responsible for issuing and transporting supplies to them. Units which specialize in supply are known as "supply" units, not "quartermaster" units, and their personnel as suppliers or logistics specialists ("log specs"). Traditionally, the quartermaster had previously served as RQMS and then [[regimental sergeant major]] (RSM) of the unit of which he later became quartermaster.

===United States===
{{Main|Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)}}
[[File:US Army Quartermaster branch insignia.jpg|90px|right|thumb|Branch Insignia as worn by Quartermaster Officers]]
In the [[United States Army]], the term is used to describe all supply personnel and units that are part of the United States Army Quartermaster Corps (USQMC), which was formerly the Quartermaster Department. It is a sustainment, formerly combat service support (CSS), branch of the United States Army. It is also one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Transportation Corps and the Ordnance Corps.

==Navy use==

===Belgium===
In Belgium, the naval ranks of quartermaster, chief quartermaster, and first chief quartermaster are used.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group
! colspan=2| OR-4
! OR-3
|-
| <ref name=Belgium_Navy>{{cite web |title=Marinecomponent |url=http://www.mil.be/def/ranks/index.asp?LAN=nl&ID=1&IDS=3&IDT=3 |website=mil.be |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050220083946/http://www.mil.be/def/ranks/index.asp?LAN=nl&ID=1&IDS=3&IDT=3 |archive-date=20 February 2005 |language=nl}}</ref>
| [[File:Belgium-Navy-OR-4b.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Belgium-Navy-OR-4a.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Belgium-Navy-OR-3.svg|50px]]
|- 
| Dutch
| {{lang|nl|Eerste kwartiermeester-chef}}
| {{lang|nl|Kwartiermeester-chef}}
| {{lang|nl|Kwartiermeester}}
|-
| French
| {{lang|fr|1er quartier-maître-chef}}
| {{lang|fr|Quartier-maître-chef}}
| {{lang|fr|Quartier maître}}
|-
| German
| {{lang|de|Erster oberquartiermeister}}
| {{lang|de|Oberquartiermeister}}
| {{lang|de|Quartiermeister}}
|}

===France===
<!-- courtesy note [[Striped jersey]] links here -->
In the [[French Navy]], Quartermaster ({{lang|fr|Quartier-maître}}) is a junior rank, equivalent to a [[French Army]] and [[French Air and Space Force|Air Force]] [[Corporal#France|Corporal]]. The French rank has nothing to do with supplies. This rank is also used by many other [[Comparative navy enlisted ranks of Francophone countries|navies based on the French Navy]].

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1"
! 
! OR-4<ref name="FranceNavy">{{cite web |title=Instruction n°1 DEF/EMM/RH/CPM relative aux uniformes et tenues dans la Marine du 15 juin 2004 |url=http://www.boc.sga.defense.gouv.fr/visu/boc_visu4.php?nor=B0451497J&id=2408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201172248/http://www.boc.sga.defense.gouv.fr/visu/boc_visu4.php?nor=B0451497J&id=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-02-01 |access-date=4 June 2021 |pages=3793–3867 |language=fr |date=15 June 2004}}</ref>
! OR-3<ref name="FranceNavy"/>
|-
! Shoulder
| [[File:French Navy-Rama NG-M3.svg|50px]]
| [[File:French Navy-Rama NG-M2.svg|50px]]

|-
! Sleeve
| [[File:France-Navy-OR-4 Sleeve.svg|50px]]
| [[File:France-Navy-OR-3 Sleeve.svg|50px]]
|-
! French
| {{lang|fr|Quartier-maître de 1{{sup|re}} classe}}
| {{lang|fr|Quartier-maître de 2{{sup|e}} classe}}

|-
! English translation
| Quartermaster first class
| Quartermaster second class
|}

===Norway===
In the Norwegian navy, {{lang|no|kvartermester}} is a rank equal to an army [[sergeant]].

===United Kingdom===
In the [[Royal Navy]] and Commonwealth navies (Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy, Indian Navy, and South African Navy), the quartermaster is the senior member of the gangway staff when the ship is alongside and is responsible for supervising the [[boatswain]]'s mate and the security of the brow. They are also responsible for steering the ship while at sea.

===United States===
{{Infobox military rating
| name         = Quartermaster
| image        = Steering Wheel Gradient.svg
| caption      = Rating insignia
| issued_by    = [[United States Navy]]
| type         = Enlisted rating
| abbreviation = QM
| specialty    = Operations/Navigation
}}
[[File:150625-N-XM324-031- U.S. Navy sailor takes navigational bearing aboard USS Fitzgerald.jpg|thumb|A U.S. Navy quartermaster taking a bearing in 2015.]]

The quartermaster is the enlisted member in charge of the watch-to-watch navigation and the maintenance, correction, and preparation of nautical charts and navigation publications. They are also responsible for navigational instruments and clocks and the training of ship's lookouts and helmsmen. They perform these duties under the control of the ship's navigator or other officer if there was no officer navigator. In the modern navy, a quartermaster is a [[petty officer]] who specializes in navigation. The [[List of United States Navy ratings|rating]] abbreviation is QM. The symbol used for the rating and worn on uniforms is a [[commons:Image:Qm-rate.gif|ship's wheel]].<ref>[http://navyadministration.tpub.com/14220/ Quartermaster 1 & C]</ref> The colloquial form of address for a quartermaster is "Wheels".

On U.S. Navy submarines, the job of a quartermaster is done by a qualified navigation electronics technician (NAV-ET). Along with the job of a Navy surface QM, NAV-ETs are also responsible for electronic systems that deal with navigation, internal communications, atmosphere monitoring, ship's entertainment systems, re-circulatory air systems (ventilation) and remote valve indication or manipulation.

After 2004, the U.S. Navy disestablished the [[Signalman (rank)#U.S. Navy|signalman]] rating (SM); signalmen were responsible for visual communications, and many of the personnel and their responsibilities were incorporated in the QM rating.

The U.S. Navy rating dealing with supply and logistics is logistics specialist (LS) which would be equivalent to the Army quartermaster.

====Coast guard====
The structure of ranks and job specialties of the [[United States Coast Guard]] is similar to that of the United States Navy. The Coast Guard used a quartermaster rating until the summer of 2003, when the rating was merged into the [[Boatswain's Mate (US Coast Guard)|boatswain's mate]] rating.<ref name="uscg">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/cb/Oct2001/Mergers.html |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011119025859/http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/cb/Oct2001/Mergers.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-11-19 |title= Mergers of the millennium|access-date=2007-05-26 |last=Powers |first=Paul |date= October 2001 |publisher=United States Coast Guard }}</ref>

The Coast Guard's quartermasters had the same duties as the Navy's, with the exception that—at some point after World War II—the Coast Guard folded the duties of its signalman rating into the quartermaster rating. Also, in recent decades, quartermaster was one of the only two Coast Guard enlisted ratings permitted to hold command of a small boat station (command otherwise being reserved for officers), with the other enlisted man's "command rating" being the boatswain's mate.
{{Clear}}

=== NATO code ===
While the rank is used in a number of [[NATO countries]], it is ranked differently depending on the country.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1"
! rowspan=2| NATO code
! rowspan=2| Country<ref name=NATO>{{cite book |author1=[[NATO]] |title=STANAG 2116 NATO |date=2021 |publisher=NATO Standardization Agency |edition=7th |location=Brussels, Belgium |pages=E-1–E-3}}</ref>
! colspan=2| English equivalent
|-
! UK
! U.S.
|-
! OR-5
| Norway
| [[Sergeant#United Kingdom|Sergeant]]
| [[Petty officer second class#United States|Petty officer second class]]
|-
! OR-4
| Belgium {{small|(chief and 1st chief)}}, France {{small|(1st class)}}, Netherlands
| [[Leading rate]]
| [[Petty officer third class#United States|Petty officer third class]]
|-
! OR-3
| Belgium, France {{small|(2nd class)}}, Netherlands
| {{NA}}
| [[Seaman (rank)#United States|Seaman]]
|}

===Gallery===
<gallery class="center">
<!-- In alphabetic order of Country please -->
File:Belgium-Navy-OR-3.svg|{{lang|nl|Kwartiermeester}}<br />{{small|{{langx|fr|Quartier maître}}<br />{{langx|de|Quartiermeister}}}}<br />([[Belgian Navy]])<ref name=Belgium_Navy>{{cite web |title=Marinecomponent |url=http://www.mil.be/def/ranks/index.asp?LAN=nl&ID=1&IDS=3&IDT=3 |website=mil.be |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050220083946/http://www.mil.be/def/ranks/index.asp?LAN=nl&ID=1&IDS=3&IDT=3 |archive-date=20 February 2005 |language=nl}}</ref>
File:Netherlands-Navy-OR-3 sleeve.svg|{{lang|nl|Kwartiermeester}}<br />([[Royal Netherlands Navy]])<ref name="Netherlands">{{cite web |title=De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/binaries/defensie/documenten/brochures/2021/01/15/rangen-krijgsmacht/rangonderscheidingstekens.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Netherlands) |access-date=18 March 2021 |date=19 December 2016 |language=nl}}</ref>
File:OR5 sjø stor (1).png|{{lang|no|Kvartermester}}<br />([[Royal Norwegian Navy]])<ref name="Norway">{{cite web |title=Militære grader |trans-title=Military ranks |url=https://www.forsvaret.no/om-forsvaret/uniformer-grader-medaljer/grader |website=forsvaret.no |publisher=Norwegian Armed Forces |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=no |date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126224831/https://www.forsvaret.no/om-forsvaret/uniformer-grader-medaljer/grader |archive-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>
</gallery>

==Piracy==
[[Pirate]]s during the [[Golden Age of Piracy]] elevated the rank of quartermaster to much higher powers and responsibilities than it had aboard non-pirate merchant or naval vessels. On pirate ships, the quartermaster was often granted a veto power by a pirate ship's [[Pirate code|"Articles of Agreement"]], in order to create an officer who could counterbalance the powers of the pirate captain.<ref name="auto">Ossian, Robert. "Roles and Duties On Board a Ship"</ref> Pirate quartermasters, like pirate captains, were usually elected by their crews.<ref name="auto"/>

It was often the quartermaster's responsibility to lead the pirate boarding party when boarding another ship. This was usually done from the quarterdeck (the place where two ships touched during the boarding attack).{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

The quartermaster ranked higher than any other officer aboard the ship except the captain himself, and could veto the captain's decisions whenever the ship was not chasing a prize or engaged in battle.<ref>Leeson, Peter T. An-arrgh-chy: The law and economics of pirate organization. The Journal of Political Economy 115 (6) (Dec. 2007): pp. 1049-1094 {{doi|10.1086/526403}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> The quartermaster also was chiefly responsible for discipline, assessing punishments for crewmen who transgressed the [[Pirate code of the Brethren|articles]].<ref name="auto"/>

According to pirate [[Captain Charles Johnson]], ghost author of the 18th century source, [[A General History of the Pyrates|''A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates'']], aboard a pirate ship "the Captain can undertake nothing which the Quarter-Master does not approve. We may say, the Quarter-Master is a humble Imitation of the [[Tribune|Roman Tribune of the People]]; he speaks for, and looks after the Interest of the Crew".

Several quartermasters, notably among them [[Calico Jack Rackham]], became captains after their previous captain was killed or deposed.<ref name="piracycomplete" >{{cite book|title=Piracy: the complete history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=USiyy1ZA-BsC|author=Angus Konstam|date=19 August 2008|pages=336|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-84603-240-0}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Scouting==
A Scout quartermaster within the [[Scouting|Scout movement]] is responsible for maintaining all the normal camping supplies in a Scout troop or pack. This may include, but is not limited to, camping supplies, tents, "chuck boxes" (containers holding food and cooking supplies), stoves, camp fuel (propane, [[naphtha]], etc.), tarps, camping trailers, dining flys, etc.

The [[Quartermaster Award (Boy Scouts of America)|Quartermaster Award]] is also the highest rank in the [[Sea Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)|Sea Scouts, BSA]], an older youth (age 13–21) co-ed program. A quartermaster (kwartiermeester) is in the Netherlands the assistant patrol leader of a Sea Scout patrol (Bak), in Flanders it is the patrol leader of a [[Sea Scout patrol]] (Kwartier).

==In popular culture==
* [[Long John Silver]], the charming and lethal one-legged pirate from the novel ''[[Treasure Island]]'', had been the pirate version of quartermaster under [[Captain Flint]]. It was noted he was the one man Flint had been afraid of.
* The character [[Q (James Bond)|Q]] in the [[James Bond]] franchise, who supplies Bond with all his gadgets, is named Q for Quartermaster.
* The [[Rooster Teeth]] animated web series, ''Camp Camp'', features a character simply referred to as "Quartermaster".
* The characters of Nigel Nesbett and Louis Litt served as quartermasters in the basic cable [[USA Network]] series ''[[Suits (American TV series)|Suits]]'' where they oversaw office supplies and food and beverage provisions in the New York City law firm, Pearson Darby.
* The [[video game]] ''[[Tooth and Tail]]'' has a main character by the name of The Quartermaster.
*In [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|British policing]], the department that issues uniform and supplies is known informally as the Quartermasters ("QM").

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport}}
*[[Intendant (government official)]]
*[[Quartermaster Center and School]]
*[[Quartermaster Corps]]
*[[Quartermaster general]]
*[[Army Quartermaster Museum]]
*{{lookfrom}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=N|refs=
}}

{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070616180843/http://buperscd.technology.navy.mil/bup_updt/508/OccStandards/CHAPTER%2066.htm Navy Enlisted Occupational Standards for Quartermaster (QM) ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231215/http://www.tpub.com/content/administration/14220/index.htm Quartermaster 1 and C Rate Training Manual]
*[http://www.qmss.com Website for Navy Quartermasters (QM)]
*[https://archive.today/20130201045222/http://www.quartermasterband.com/ Quartermaster (Band)]

[[Category:Nautical terminology]]
[[Category:Marine occupations]]
[[Category:Titles]]
[[Category:Transport occupations]]
[[Category:Quartermasters| ]]
[[Category:United States Navy ratings]]
[[Category:Military ranks]]