Editing Quiscalus

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = GrackleInFlight.jpg
| image_caption = [[Common grackle]] (''Quiscalus quiscula'')
| taxon = Quiscalus
| authority = [[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1816
| type_species = ''[[Common grackle|Gracula quiscula]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=199 |title= Icteridae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
* ''Quiscalus quiscula''
* ''Quiscalus major''
* ''Quiscalus mexicanus''
* ''Quiscalus nicaraguensis''
* ''Quiscalus niger''
* ''Quiscalus lugubris''
* ''Quiscalus palustris'' <small>([[extinct|†]])</small>
}}

The [[Bird|avian]] genus '''''Quiscalus''''' contains seven of the 11 species of [[grackle]]s, gregarious [[passerine]] [[bird]]s in the [[icterid]] family. They are native to [[North America|North]] and [[South America]].

The genus was named and described by French ornithologist [[Louis Pierre Vieillot]] in 1816.<ref>{{cite book | last=Vieillot  | first=Louis Pierre | author-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1816 | title=Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire | publisher=Deterville/self |  location=Paris | page=36 | language=fr| url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f42.image }}<!--BHL has a scan of an 1883 reprint - same pagination http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12830237 --></ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[common grackle]] (''Quiscalus quiscula'') by English zoologist [[George Robert Gray]] in 1840.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | place=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=41 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668935 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1968 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=187 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481388 }}</ref> The genus name comes from the specific name ''Gracula quiscula'' coined by Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] for the common grackle.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=109 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727014 }}</ref> From where Linnaeus obtained the word is uncertain, but it may come from the [[Taíno language|Taíno]] word ''quisqueya'', meaning "mother of all lands", for the island of [[Hispaniola]].<ref name=job>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=328–329 }}</ref>

The genus contains six extant species and one extinct species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds | website=IOC World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/blackbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=4 September 2019 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Quiscalus major -Three Lakes Wildlife Management Area, Florida, USA -male-8.jpg|120px]] || ''Quiscalus major''  || [[Boat-tailed grackle]] || Florida and the coastal [[Southeastern United States]]
|-
|[[File:Quiscalus-quiscula-001.jpg|120px]] ||  ''Quiscalus quiscula''  || [[Common grackle]] || North America
|-
|[[File:Quiscalus mexicanusMPCCA20061226-0567B.jpg|120px]] || ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' || [[Great-tailed grackle]] || northwestern Venezuela and western Colombia and Ecuador in the south to Minnesota in the north, to Oregon, Idaho, and California in the west, to Florida in the east, with vagrants occurring as far north as southern Canada
|-
|[[File:QuiscalusTenuirostris.jpg|120px]]
|†''Quiscalus palustris''
|[[Slender-billed grackle]]
|[[Endemism|endemic]] of central [[Mexico]], namely [[Valley of Mexico]] and [[Toluca Valley]] (extinct around 1910)
|-
|[[File:Thirsty (8387794451).jpg|120px]] || ''Quiscalus nicaraguensis''  || [[Nicaraguan grackle]] || Nicaragua and northernmost Costa Rica
|-
|[[File:Quiscalus niger -Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba-8 (3).jpg|120px]] || ''Quiscalus niger'' || [[Greater Antillean grackle]] || the Greater Antilles
|-
|[[File:Quiscalus lugubris.jpg|120px]] || ''Quiscalus lugubris'' || [[Carib grackle]] || Colombia east to Venezuela and northeastern Brazil
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/troupials-allies-icteridae Quiscalus videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection

{{Passeroidea|I.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q612008}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Quiscalus| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot]]


{{Icteridae-stub}}