Editing Radley Metzger

{{Short description|American filmmaker and film distributor}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{fanpov|date=May 2025}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix          = 
| name                      = Radley Metzger
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| birth_date                = {{Birth date|1929|01|21}}<ref name="NYT-20170404">{{cite news |last=Sandomir |first=Richard |title=Radley Metzger, Whose Artful Erotica Turned Explicit, Dies at 88 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/movies/radley-metzger-director-who-left-erotica-for-hard-core-dies-at-88.html |date=April 4, 2017 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=April 5, 2017 }}</ref>
| birth_place               = [[New York City, New York]], U.S.
| death_date                = {{Death date and age|2017|03|31|1929|01|21}}<ref name="TRR-20170402">{{cite news |last1=Metzger |first1=Juliette |last2=Feldman |first2=Caryl |last3=West |first3=Ashley |title=Press Release: Radley Metzger, pioneering filmmaker, dies at 88 |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/02/radley-metzger-2/ |date=April 2, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="TRR-20170402aw">{{cite news |last=West |first=Ashley |title=Radley Metzger – A Friendship Remembered |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/02/radley-metzger/ |date=April 2, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="FM-20170405" /><ref name="FDR-20170402">{{cite news |last=Hudson |first=David |title=Radley Metzger, 1929-2017 |url=https://www.fandor.com/keyframe/radley-metzger-1929-2017 |date=April 2, 2017 |work=[[Fandor (film site)|Fandor]] <!---|original accessdate=April 2, 2017---> |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403014723/https://www.fandor.com/keyframe/radley-metzger-1929-2017 |access-date=April 6, 2017 }}</ref>
| death_place               = New York City, New York, U.S.
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| education                 = B. A. degree in [[Drama|Dramatic Arts]]
| alma_mater                = [[City College of New York]];<br />[[Columbia University]]
| occupation                = [[Film director]]
| years_active              = 1957–2010s
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| known_for                 = [[Art film|Artistic]], [[Erotic photography|adult-oriented films]] and related works<ref name="TRR-20170402" /><ref name="TRR-20170403">{{cite web |author=Staff |title='The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann' (1974): The Birth of 'Henry Paris' |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/03/private-afternoons-of-pamela-mann/ |date=April 3, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 3, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="TR-20190529">{{cite web |last=Vermuellen |first=Dries |title=The X-Rated World of Radley Metzger |url=https://reprobatepress.com/2019/05/29/the-x-rated-world-of-radley-metzger/ |date=May 29, 2019 |work=ReprobatePress.com |access-date=November 12, 2019 }}</ref>
| notable_works             = {{bulleted list|''[[Thérèse and Isabelle]]'' (1968)|''[[Camille 2000]]'' (1969)|''[[The Lickerish Quartet]]'' (1970)|''[[Score (1974 film)|Score]]'' (1974)|''[[The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann]]'' (1974)|''[[The Image (1975 film)|The Image]]'' (1975)|''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'' (1976)|''[[Barbara Broadcast]]'' (1977)}}
| style                     = "a Euro-centric combination of stylish decadence, wealth and the aristocratic".<ref name="TRR-20170403"/>
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| partner                   = <!-- unmarried life partner; use ''Name (1950–present)'' -->
| children                  = daughter<ref name="NYT-20170404" />
| parents                   = Julius; Anne<ref name="NYT-20170404" />
| relatives                 = nephew, nieces<ref name="NYT-20000829" />
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| awards                    = {{bulleted list|[[Adult Film Association of America|AFAA]] (direction)<ref name="THH-19770801" /><ref name="THH-19971201" /><ref name="AFAA-19840314" />|[[Adam Film World#X-Caliber Awards|X-Caliber]] (direction)<ref name="IAFD-2016">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Henry Paris |url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=hparis/gender=d |date=2016 |work=[[IAFD]] |access-date=February 9, 2016 }}</ref>|[[Oldenburg International Film Festival|OIFF]] ([[List of lifetime achievement awards|lifetime achievement]])<ref name="OIFF-20101008" />}}
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}}

'''Radley Metzger'''{{efn|also known as '''Radley Henry Metzger''', '''Radley H. Metzger'''<ref name="TB-201406">{{cite web|last=Bentley|first=Toni|author-link=Toni Bentley|title=The Legend of Henry Paris |url=http://www.tonibentley.com/pdfarticles/playboy/RadleyMetzger_AuteuroftheErotic_ToniBentley.pdf |date=June 2014|website=ToniBentley.com|access-date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><!---|Radley H. Metzger|"Jake Barnes"<ref name="IAFD-2016" /><ref name="NYB-20140807" />|"Erich Farina"<ref name="CITWF-2017" /><ref name="FilmLex" />|"Henry Paris"<ref name="NYT-20170404" /><ref name="IAFD-2016">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Henry Paris |url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=hparis/gender=d |date=2016 |work=[[IAFD]] |access-date=February 9, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="PB-201406" /><ref name="TB-201406" /><ref name="NYB-20140807">{{cite web |last=Bentley |first=Toni |author-link=Toni Bentley |title=The Art Cinema Erotica of Radley Metzger |url=http://www.nybooks.com/event/art-cinema-erotica-radley-metzger/ |date=August 7, 2014 |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=February 10, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="CITWF-2017" />---> and by the [[pseudonym]]s, '''"Jake Barnes"''', '''"Erich Farina"''' and '''"Henry Paris"'''<ref name="NYB-20140807">{{cite web |last=Bentley |first=Toni |author-link=Toni Bentley |title=The Art Cinema Erotica of Radley Metzger |url=http://www.nybooks.com/event/art-cinema-erotica-radley-metzger/ |date=August 7, 2014 |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=February 10, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="CITWF-2017">{{cite web|author=Staff|date=2017|title=Radley H. Metzger|url=http://www.citwf.com/person298780.htm|access-date=April 4, 2017|work=[[Complete Index to World Film]]}}</ref><ref name="FilmLex">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Filmlexikon - Radley Metzger |language=de |url=http://www.zweitausendeins.de/filmlexikon/?sucheNach=personNr&wert=2541 |work=zweitausendeins.de |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172557/http://www.zweitausendeins.de/filmlexikon/?sucheNach=personNr&wert=2541 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} (January 21, 1929 – March 31, 2017)<ref name="AVN-20170403">{{cite news|last=Kernes|first=Mark|date=April 3, 2017|title=Pioneering Adult Director Radley Metzger Passes|work=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/pioneering-adult-director-radley-metzger-passes-724325.html|access-date=November 12, 2019}}</ref> was an American [[filmmaker]]<ref name="TRR-20170402" /><ref name="FD-20140807">{{cite web |last=Hudson |first=David |title=This Is Softcore: The Art Cinema Erotica of Radley Metzger |url=https://www.fandor.com/keyframe/daily-this-is-softcore-the-art-cinema-erotica-of-radley-metzger |date=August 7, 2014 |work=[[Fandor (film site)|Fandor]] |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305061932/https://www.fandor.com/keyframe/daily-this-is-softcore-the-art-cinema-erotica-of-radley-metzger |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{unreliable source|date=May 2025}} and [[film distributor]], most noted for popular [[Art film|artistic]] [[pornographic film]]s,<ref name="WSJ-20140805">{{cite web|last=Dollar|first=Steve|title=Radley Metzger Retrospective Opens at Film Society of Lincoln Center|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/radley-metzger-retrospective-this-is-softcore-opens-at-film-society-of-lincoln-center-1407271480 |date=August 5, 2014|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name="FSLC-2014">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=This Is Softcore: The Art Cinema Erotica of Radley Metzger|url=http://www.filmlinc.com/films/series/this-is-softcore-the-art-cinema-erotica-of-radley-metzger |date=August 7, 2014|work=[[Film Society of Lincoln Center]]|access-date=May 23, 2015 }}</ref> including ''[[Thérèse and Isabelle]]'' (1968), ''[[Camille 2000]]'' (1969), ''[[The Lickerish Quartet]]'' (1970), ''[[Score (1974 film)|Score]]'' (1974), ''[[The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann]]'' (1974), ''[[The Image (1975 film)|The Image]]'' (1975), ''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'' (1976) and ''[[Barbara Broadcast]]'' (1977).<ref name="SM-20140806">{{cite web|last=MacFarlane|first=Steve|title=Interview: Radley Metzger|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/features/article/interview-radley-metzger |date=August 6, 2014|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|access-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TRR-20170407">{{cite web |last=West |first=Ashley |title='The Opening of Misty Beethoven' (1976): Jamie Gillis and Constance Money |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/07/misty-beethoven/ |date=April 7, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 7, 2017 }}</ref> According to one [[film reviewer]], Metzger's films, including those made during the [[Golden Age of Porn]] (1969–1984), are noted for their "lavish design, witty [[screenplay]]s, and a [[penchant]] for the unusual [[camera angle]]".<ref name="FM-20140807">{{cite web|last=Gallagher|first=Steve|date=August 7, 2014|title="This is Softcore": The History of Radley Metzger|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/87041-this-is-softcore-the-history-of-radley-metzger/|access-date=May 23, 2015|work=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker Magazine]]}}</ref> Film and audio works by Metzger have been added to the permanent collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art|Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)]] in New York City.<ref name="RCR-19740104">{{cite book |last=Rist |first=Ray C. |title=Book - The Pornography Controversy: Changing Moral Standards in American Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URZWepCqfNYC&q=%22Radley+Metzger%22+%22Museum+of+Modern+Art%22&pg=PA124 |date=January 4, 1974 |work=The Pornography Controversy: Changing Moral Standards in American Life |page=124 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=9781412838467 |access-date=February 29, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="PL-2006">{{cite book |last=Lehman |first=Peter |title=Book - Pornography: Film and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCFOEtZdtMoC&q=felliniesque+%22barbara+broadcast%22&pg=PA9 |date=2006 |work=Pornography: Film and Culture |page=9 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=9780813538716 |access-date=February 29, 2016 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Radley Henry Metzger was born on January 21, 1929, on the [[Grand Concourse (Bronx)|Grand Concourse]] in [[The Bronx]], New York City, and was the second son of [[Jewish]] parents, Julius and Anne.<ref name="PB-201406">{{cite web|last=Bentley|first=Toni|author-link=Toni Bentley|title=The Legend of Henry Paris|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/the-legend-of-henry-paris |date=June 2014 |work=[[Playboy]] |access-date=December 6, 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210220441/http://www.playboy.com/articles/the-legend-of-henry-paris |archive-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20000829">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Paid Notice: Deaths Metzger, Anne |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/29/classified/paid-notice-deaths-metzger-anne.html |date=August 29, 2017 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=April 2, 2017 }}</ref> He said he found relief from his [[allergies]] in [[movie theater]]s, especially at the [[Audubon Ballroom]] theatre, while growing up.<ref name="TRR-20170406">{{cite web |last=West |first=Ashley |title=Radley Metzger's Beginnings: The Audubon Ballroom |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/06/audubon-ballroom/ |date=April 6, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 6, 2017 }}</ref> Later, Metzger received a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in dramatic arts from [[City College of New York]],<ref name="FM-20140807"/> where he studied with filmmakers [[Hans Richter (artist)|Hans Richter]] and [[Leo Seltzer (filmmaker)|Leo Seltzer]]. He also studied acting privately with director [[Harold Clurman]]. During the [[Korean War]], Metzger served in the [[United States Air Force|U. S. Air Force]] with the 1350th Photographic Group, which interrupted his [[graduate studies]] at [[Columbia University]].<ref name="FM-20140807"/> His older brother, now deceased,<ref name="NYT-20000829" /> had become a [[physician]]. Metzger later married and had a daughter.<ref name="PB-201406" />

==Career==
Early in his career, in the 1950s, Metzger worked primarily as a [[film editor]]<ref name="MondoArticle">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=Dreams of Desire – The Films of Radley Metzger|url=http://www.mondo-digital.com/metzgertalk.html |website=Mondo-Digital.com|access-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref> and was a member of Local 771 of the [[International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees|IATSE]].<ref name="FM-20140807" /> He was employed in editing trailers for [[Janus Films]],<ref name="FDR-20170402" /> a major distributor of foreign [[art film]]s, especially those of [[Michelangelo Antonioni]],<ref name="FM-20140807" /> [[Ingmar Bergman]],<ref name="WSJ-20140805" /> [[Federico Fellini]],<ref name="TCM-2015">{{cite web|author=Staff|date=2015|title=Radley Metzger – TCM Archive Materials|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/130597%7C126708/Radley-Metzger/|access-date=June 15, 2015|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref> [[Jean-Luc Godard]]<ref name="TCM-2015" /> and [[François Truffaut]].<ref name="NYT-20170404" /> In 1953, Metzger was credited as [[assistant director]] to William Kyriakis on the film ''[[Guerrilla Girl (1953 film)|Guerilla Girl]]''.<ref name="TCM-2015" /> In 1956, he worked on the dubbing of ''[[And God Created Woman (1956 film)|And God Created Woman]]'' starring [[Brigitte Bardot]].<ref name="PB-201406" /> His directorial film debut, ''[[Dark Odyssey]]'' (1961) (co-directed with Kyriakis), was a drama concerning the experiences of a Greek immigrant arriving in New York. The film was favorably reviewed by ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYT-19610626">{{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Howard |title=Screen: 'Dark Odyssey':Low-Cost Drama Has Premiere at Cameo 
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9907EEDF123DEE3ABC4E51DFB066838A679EDE |date=June 26, 1961 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=April 10, 2017 }}</ref> and others.<ref name="IJ-1998">{{cite web |last=Morris |first=Gary |title=Radley Metzger - Dark Odyssey and Little Mother |url=http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue08/reviews/radleymetzger2/ |date=1998 |work=ImagesJournal.com |access-date=April 10, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="SC-200009">{{cite web |last=Georgakas |first=Dan |title=Dark Odyssey |url=http://sensesofcinema.com/2000/greek-cinema-past-and-present/dark/ |date=1998 |work=[[Senses of Cinema]] |access-date=April 10, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="KQEK-2011">{{cite web |last=Hasan |first=Mark R. |title=DVD: Dark Odyssey (1961) |url=http://www.kqek.com/dvd_reviews/d/3899_DarkOdyssey1961.htm |date=2011 |work=KQEK.com |access-date=April 10, 2017 }}</ref> In 1959, he edited the film ''[[Gangster Story|The Gangster Story]]'' starring [[Walter Matthau]] and, in 1960, Metzger was a [[Television presenter|presenter]] for the Japanese film ''[[The Warped Ones]]''.<ref name="IMDB">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=The Warped Ones (1960) - Kyônetsu no kisetsu (original title) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057238/fullcredits |work=[[IMDb]] |access-date=April 4, 2017 }}</ref>

Later, in 1961, along with film distributor Ava Leighton, Metzger founded Audubon Films. The company was named after the [[Audubon Ballroom]] theatre, one of his favorite movie theaters while growing up.<ref name="TRR-20170406" /> The newly founded distribution company specialized in importing international features, some of which were marketed into the gradually expanding erotic film genre. Metzger's skills as an editor were employed in re-cutting and augmenting many of the features Audubon handled, including ''The Twilight Girls'' ([[France|FR]],1957) and, their first runaway success, [[Mac Ahlberg|Mac Ahlberg{{'s}}]] ''[[I, a Woman]]'' ([[Denmark–Sweden relations|DN/SW]],1965).<ref name="FM-Summer1997">{{citation|last=Gallagher|first=Steve|title=The Libertine|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/archives/issues/summer1997/metzger.php |date=Summer 1997|work=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker Magazine]]|access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Andy Warhol by Jack Mitchell.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|[[Andy Warhol]]}}]]
Metzger's second directorial effort, ''[[The Dirty Girls (1965 film)|The Dirty Girls]]'' (shot in 1963 and released in 1965), marked his emergence as a major [[auteur]] in the pornographic film genre. His subsequent films were often shot in Europe<ref name="mondointerview">{{cite web|author=Staff|title=A Talk With Radley Metzger|url=http://www.mondo-digital.com/radtalk.html|access-date=May 23, 2015|website=Mondo-Digital.com}}</ref> and adapted from [[novel]]s or other literary sources, including ''[[Carmen (novella)|Carmen]]'' (by [[Prosper Mérimée]]), ''[[La Dame aux Camélias]]'' (by [[Alexandre Dumas]]), ''[[The Image (novel)|L'image]]'' (by [[Catherine Robbe-Grillet]]), ''[[Naked Came the Stranger]]'' (by [[Naked Came the Stranger|Penelope Ashe]]),<ref name="TRR-20170405">{{cite web |author=Staff |title='Naked Came the Stranger' (1975): The Hoax, The Film |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/05/naked-came-the-stranger-2/ |date=April 5, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 5, 2017 }}</ref> ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'' (by [[George Bernard Shaw]]), ''[[Six Characters in Search of an Author]]'' (by [[Luigi Pirandello]]),<ref name="TCM-2015" /> ''[[The Cat and the Canary (play)|The Cat and the Canary]]'' (by [[John Willard (playwright)|John Willard]]),<ref name=mondointerview/> and ''Thérèse et Isabelle'' (by [[Violette Leduc]]).<ref name="TG-20120228">{{cite news |last=Lezard |first=Nicholas |title=Thérèse and Isabelle by Violette Leduc – review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/feb/28/therese-isabelle-violette-leduc-review |date=February 28, 2012 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=April 8, 2017 }}</ref> He cites [[John Farrow]], [[Claude Lelouch]],<ref name="FSLC-2014" /> [[Michael Powell]], [[Alain Resnais]]<ref name="BB-20140819">{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Hillary|date=August 19, 2014|title=Porn Before It Was Chic: An Interview With Radley Metzger on Sex and Cinema|url=http://bbook.com/film/radley-metzger/|access-date=February 29, 2016|work=[[BlackBook]]}}</ref> and [[Orson Welles]] as influencing his work.<ref name=mondointerview/> Metzger worked with the French film director [[Jean Renoir]], as well as the American actor [[Hal Linden]].<ref name="FM-20140807" /> [[Andy Warhol]], who helped begin the [[Golden Age of Porn]] with his 1969 film ''[[Blue Movie]]'', was a [http://www.therialtoreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/RR_Radley_Warhol.jpg fan] of Metzger's film work<ref name="FM-20140807" /> and commented that Metzger's 1970 film, ''[[The Lickerish Quartet]]'', was “an outrageously kinky masterpiece”.<ref name="FSLC-AndyWarhol">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=''The Lickerish Quartet''|url=http://www.filmlinc.com/films/on-sale/the-lickerish-quartet |date=August 8, 2014|work=[[Film Society of Lincoln Center]]|access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref> In 1972, Metzger directed the film ''[[Score (1974 film)|Score]]'',<ref name="CINE-20140108">{{cite web |last=Kramer |first=Gary M. |title=Interview: Radley Metzger, dir. of Score |url=http://cinedelphia.com/interview-radley-metzger-dir-of-score/ |date=January 8, 2014 |work=Cinedelphia |access-date=April 4, 2017 }}</ref> based on an erotic [[Off-Broadway|off-Broadway play]] that included [[Sylvester Stallone]].<ref name="TRR-20170404">{{cite web|author=Staff|date=April 4, 2017|title=Radley Metzger's 'Score' (1974): Behind the Scenes|url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/04/score/|access-date=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Rialto Report]]}}</ref> Films directed by Metzger included musical scores composed by [[Georges Auric]], [[Stelvio Cipriani]], [[Georges Delerue]], and [[Piero Piccioni]].<ref name=mondointerview/> Metzger's signature film style of his "elegant erotica"<ref name="NYT-19971121">{{cite news |last=Nichols |first=Peter M. |title=Home Video; Elegant Exotica On Small Screen |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/21/movies/home-video-elegant-exotica-on-small-screen.html |date=November 21, 1997 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=April 13, 2017 }}</ref> had developed into being "a Euro-centric combination of stylish decadence, wealth and the aristocratic".<ref name="TRR-20170403"/>

Under the [[pseudonym]] "Henry Paris", Metzger directed several explicit pornographic features during the mid- to late-1970s. These films were released during the Golden Age of Porn (inaugurated by the 1969 release of [[Andy Warhol]]{{'s}} ''Blue Movie'') in the United States, at a time of "[[Golden Age of Porn#"Porno chic"|porno chic]]",<ref name="NYT-19730121">{{cite news |last=Blumenthal |first=Ralph |title=Porno chic; 'Hard-core' grows fashionable-and very profitable |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/21/archives/pornochic-hardcore-grows-fashionableand-very-profitable.html |date=January 21, 1973 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |access-date=January 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Porno Chic|url=https://www.jahsonic.com/PornoChic.html|access-date=2020-10-06|website=www.jahsonic.com|archive-date=May 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517012404/https://jahsonic.com/PornoChic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> in which pornographic films were just beginning to be widely released, publicly discussed by celebrities (like [[Johnny Carson]] and [[Bob Hope]])<ref name="TM-20050329">{{cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Corliss |title=That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic |url=http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1043267,00.html |date=March 29, 2005 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=January 27, 2016 }}</ref> and taken seriously by film critics (like [[Roger Ebert]]).<ref name="RE-19730613">{{cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=The Devil In Miss Jones - Film Review |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-devil-in-miss-jones-1973 |date=June 13, 1973 |work=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=February 7, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="RE-19761124">{{cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=Alice in Wonderland:An X-Rated Musical Fantasy |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/alice-in-wonderland-1976 |date=November 24, 1976 |work=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=February 26, 2016 }}</ref> Metzger's films are typified by high production values, especially ''[[The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann]]'' (1975)<ref name="TRR-20170403" /> and ''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'' (1976), and are generally critically celebrated.<ref name="NYT-20170404" /><ref name="MD-HenryParis">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=The Films of Henry Paris|url=http://www.mondo-digital.com/henryparis.html |date=January 17, 2012|website=Mondo-Digital.com|access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name="WP-20070719">{{cite book |last1=Paasonen |first1=Susanna |last2=Saarenmaa |first2=Laura |title=The Golden Age of Porn: Nostalgia and History in Cinema |url=https://susannapaasonen.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/01pornification23-32.pdf |date=July 19, 2007 |work=[[WordPress]] |access-date=May 1, 2017 }}</ref> Some historians assess ''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'', based on the play ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'' by [[George Bernard Shaw]] (and its derivative, ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''), as attaining a mainstream level in storyline and sets<ref name="DN-20070603">{{cite news |last=Hopkins |first=Brent |title=Porn: The Valley's secret industry |url=http://www.dailynews.com/article/zz/20070603/NEWS/706039878 |date=June 3, 2007 |work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |access-date=December 6, 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723182117/https://www.dailynews.com/2007/06/03/porn-the-valleys-secret-industry/ |archive-date=July 23, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="WFTE-20080606">{{cite web |last=Rohit |first=Nitesh |title=The Opening of Misty Beethoven |url=http://windsfromtheeast.blogspot.com/2008/06/opening-of-misty-beethoven.html |date=June 6, 2008 |work=WindsFromThe East |access-date=April 6, 2017 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite book|title=The Cult Film Reader |last1=Mathijs|first1=Ernest|last2=Mendik|first2=Xavier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWX4AAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Radley+Metzger%22&pg=PA517 |publisher=[[Open University Press]]|year=2007|isbn= 978-0335219230 |page=517 |accessdate=December 6, 2021 }}<!--- https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Cult_Film_Reader/dWX4AAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mathijs,+Ernest%3B+Mendik,+Xavier+(2007).+The+Cult+Film+Reader.+Open+University+Press.+p.+517&printsec=frontcover ---></ref> and is considered, by award-winning author [[Toni Bentley]], the "crown jewel" of the Golden Age of Porn.<ref name="TB-201406" />

{{cquote|When I was coming of age, eroticism was always in films, but eroticism was punished. The promiscuous girl never got the leading man, the woman who sold her charms, always had a bad fate. The “good girl” always achieved ends the bad girl never did. As a reaction to that, I tried to do the opposite. You could have a free attitude and behave in a free way and not be punished. A parallel to that is that it could also be light. It didn’t have to be tragedy. You could look at [sex] in a fun way. That was a personal thing, to work against the clichés in cinema when I was growing up.|author=Radley Metzger, January 8, 2014|source="''Interview: Radley Metzger, film director of [[Score (1974 film)|Score (1974)]]''"<ref name="CINE-20140108" />}}

Some of the pornographic "Henry Paris" films, including ''[[Score (1974 film)|Score]]'' (1974),<ref name="BLF-19980401">{{cite web|last=Morris|first=Gary|date=April 1, 1998|title=Seduction Is Universal: Thoughts on Radley Metzger|url=https://brightlightsfilm.com/wp-content/cache/all/seduction-universal-thoughts-radley-metzger|access-date=November 22, 2018|work=BrightLightsFilm.com}}</ref><ref name="BL-19990801">{{cite web|last=Morris|first=Gary|date=August 1, 1999|title=Four Metzger Classics on DVD: Therese and Isabelle; Camille 2000; The Lickerish Quartet; Score|url=https://brightlightsfilm.com/wp-content/cache/all/four-metzger-classics-dvd-therese-isabelle-camille-2000-lickerish-quartet-score|access-date=November 22, 2018|work=BrightLightsFilm.com}}</ref> have also been presented in [[Softcore pornography|softcore]] versions.<ref name="FSLC-2014" /> Many of Metzger's films, including ''Score'' (1974), ''[[The Image (1975 film)|The Image]]'' (1975), ''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'' (1976) and ''[[Barbara Broadcast]]'' (1977), as well as his earlier softcore films, ''[[Camille 2000]]'' (1969) and ''[[The Lickerish Quartet]]'' (1970), have been released in [[Blu-ray]] versions.<ref name="VP-BluRay">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=Films of Radley Metzger on Blu-Ray|url=http://videoxpix.com/catalog/1749 |date=May 25, 2015 |website=VideoxPix.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212809/http://videoxpix.com/catalog/1749 |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref>

With his 1978 feature ''[[The Cat and the Canary (1979 film)|The Cat and the Canary]]'',<ref name="BB-20140819" /> Metzger distinguished himself as one of the few pornographic directors to direct a mainstream dramatic film. It starred [[Honor Blackman]], <!---[[Michael Callan]],---> [[Edward Fox (actor)|Edward Fox]], [[Wendy Hiller|Dame Wendy Hiller]]<!---, [[Olivia Hussey]], [[Beatrix Lehmann]]---> and [[Carol Lynley]].<ref name="NYT-20170404" />

==Later life==
In the 1990s, as a result of the passing of his long-time partner, Ava Leighton, due to [[cancer]], Metzger produced several videos on [[Alternative medicine|alternative health care]], including one on [[Management of cancer|cancer treatment]] and a five-part video series on [[homeopathy]] with [[Andrew Weil|Dr. Andrew Weil]]. According to Metzger: "I felt that in the 1990s, people needed more information on an intelligent approach to health and disease&nbsp;— that they needed to know about alleviating guilt. That was my emphasis."<ref name="FM-20140807" />

Later in life, Metzger considered several "Henry Paris"-like film projects, including one titled ''Solarium'',<ref name="AVN-20110516">{{cite web|author=Staff|date=May 16, 2011|title=Radley Metzger: A UCLA Retrospective, New DVD & New Film|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Radley-Metzger-News-A-UCLA-Retrospective-a-New-DVD-435935.html|access-date=February 21, 2016|work=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]}}</ref> another one based on the book ''[[Toni Bentley#The Surrender|The Surrender]]'' by [[Toni Bentley]], and a third one based on his own original script, using Shakespearean dialogue, tentatively titled ''The Heat of the Midnight Sun''. However, all of these film projects were ultimately left unfinished.<ref name="TRR-20170409">{{cite web |last=West |first=Ashley |title='The Heat of the Midnight Sun': The Untold Story of Radley Metzger's Last Film Project |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2017/04/09/henry-paris/ |date=April 9, 2017 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=April 9, 2017 }}</ref>

According to film reviewer Adam Schartoff of [[Filmmaker (magazine)|''Filmmaker Magazine'']] in April 2017, Metzger was a "truly unique and exquisitely talented director", his films had "strong visuals and narratives ... whimsical, funny, intelligent and always ambitious stories", his treatment of female characters were "way beyond his time". Schartoff and a producing partner, Judith Mizrachy, considered making a documentary overview about Metzger and his films, but the project currently is unfinished.<ref name="FM-20170405">{{cite web |last=Schartoff |first=Adam |title=Radley Metzger, 1929 – 2017 |url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/102030-radley-metzger-1929-2017 |date=April 5, 2017 |work=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker]] |access-date=April 16, 2017 }}</ref>

Film and audio works by Metzger have been added to the permanent collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art|Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)]] in New York City.<ref name="MoMA-2016">{{cite web|author=Staff|date=2016|title=Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) - DadaBase Search Results - Radley Metzger|url=http://arcade.nyarc.org/search~S8?/aMetzger%2C+Radley./ametzger+radley/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/exact&FF=ametzger+radley&1%2C2%2C|access-date=February 29, 2016|work=[[Museum of Modern Art|Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)]]}}</ref>

==Death==
Metzger died of undisclosed causes in New York City on Friday, March 31, 2017, at the age of 88.<ref name="TRR-20170402aw" /><ref name="DG-20170304">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Obituary Of The Righteous - The Porn Of The Fabulous 60s And 70s Loses One Of Its Pioneers And Masters: Radley Metzger - Photographer Of War, The MOMA Presents A Retrospective: His Erotic Films Made History - Video: 'Score', On The Relationships Of Couples Of The 70s, In An Uncensored Version |url=https://m.dagospia.com/giusti-se-ne-va-radley-metzger-maestro-del-cinema-porno-anni-60-70-ecco-un-suo-film-integrale-144996 |date=March 4, 2017 |work=DagoSpia.com |access-date=November 12, 2019 }}</ref>

==Awards (selected)==
In 1977, Metzger's film ''The Opening of Misty Beethoven'' was the recipient of the first [[Adult Film Association of America|Adult Film Association of America awards]] for Best Direction (as Henry Paris), Best Film, and Best Actor ([[Jamie Gillis]])<ref name="THH-19770801">{{cite magazine |last=Hilton |first=Thomas H. |title=The Porn Awards |volume=6 |number=6 (issue=66) |pages=16–17 |url=http://www.moviemags.com/main.php?title=adam%20film%20world&etos=1977 |date=August 1, 1977 |magazine=[[Adam Film World]] }}</ref><ref name="THH-19971201">{{cite magazine |last=Hilton |first=Thomas H. |title=The First Annual Erotica Awards |volume=6 |number=8 (issue=68) |pages=18–21 |url=http://www.moviemags.com/main.php?title=adam%20film%20world&etos=1977 |date=December 1, 1977 |magazine=[[Adam Film World]] }}</ref><ref name="AFAA-19840314">{{cite magazine |author=Staff |title=AFAA - 8th Annual AFAA Erotic Film Awards — official program |date=March 14, 1984 |magazine=[[Adult Film Association of America]] }}</ref> and, as well, won the [[Adam Film World#X-Caliber Awards|X-Caliber award]] for Best Direction (as Henry Paris).<ref name="IAFD-2016" />

In 2001, Metzger's film work was the subject of a [[retrospective]] in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="TCM-2015" />

In 2002, Metzger's film ''The Opening of Misty Beethoven'' won Best Classic Release on DVD by the Adult Film Association of America.<ref name="AVN-2002">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Adult Video News Awards - Winner - Best Classic DVD |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000010/2002 |date=January 11, 2002 |work=[[AVN Award]] |access-date=January 28, 2016 }}</ref>

In 2010, Metzger was also the recipient of a [[List of lifetime achievement awards|Lifetime Achievement Award]] from the [[Oldenburg International Film Festival]], where he served as a judge in 2011.<ref name="OIFF-20101008">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Oldenburg International Film Festival honors a master of erotic cinema Radley Metzger |url=http://www.filmfest-oldenburg.de/en/news/newssingle/datum/2010/08/10/filmfest-oldenburg-ehrt-den-81-jaehrigen-radley-metzger-mit-retrospektive/ |date=October 8, 2010 |work=[[Oldenburg International Film Festival]] |access-date=January 28, 2016 |archive-date=February 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202031858/http://www.filmfest-oldenburg.de/en/news/newssingle/datum/2010/08/10/filmfest-oldenburg-ehrt-den-81-jaehrigen-radley-metzger-mit-retrospektive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2011, Metzger's film work was the subject of a retrospective at the [[UCLA Film and Television Archive]].<ref name="UCLA-20110602">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Smooth Operator: The Opulent Eroticism of Radley Metzger |url=https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/events/2011-06-02/smooth-operator-opulent-eroticism-radley-metzger |date=June 2, 2011 |work=[[UCLA Film and Television Archive]] |access-date=January 28, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="LAT-20110602">{{cite news |last=King |first=Susan |title=Around Town: Radley Metzger's erotica, Tim Burton's exotica, Federico Fellini, Alfred Hitchcock and more |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/06/radley-metzger-erotica-tim-burton-federico-fellini-alfred-hitchcock.html |date=June 2, 2011 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=February 21, 2016 }}</ref>

In 2014, Metzger's film work was the subject of a retrospective at the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref name="WSJ-20140805" />

==Partial filmography (director)==
<!---imdb ratings (as of 20150615)--->
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''[[Dark Odyssey]]'' (1961)<!---imdb 6.0/10-28users--->
* ''[[La baie du désir]]'' (1964) (a.k.a. ''The Erotic Touch'') (uncredited)<ref name="FA-2019">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=La baie du désir |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film389535.html |date=2019 |work=[[FilmAffinity]] |access-date=November 11, 2019 }}</ref><!---imdb 3.5/10-15--->
* ''[[Dictionary of Sex]]'' (1964)<!---imdb 5.2/10-6--->
* ''[[The Dirty Girls (1965 film)|The Dirty Girls]]'' (1965)<!---imdb 5.8/10-69--->
* ''[[The Alley Cats (1966 film)|The Alley Cats]]'' (1966)<!---imdb 4.9/10-151--->
* ''[[Carmen, Baby]]'' (1967)<ref name="BLF-19991101">{{cite web |last=Morris |first=Gary |title=Radley Metzger: The Dirty Girls, Carmen Baby, The Princess and the Call Girl on DVD |url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/radley-metzger-dirty-girls-carmen-baby-princess-call-girl-dvd/ |date=November 1, 1999 |work=[[Bright Lights Film Journal]] |access-date=April 13, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-19671011">{{cite news |author=Staff |title='Carmen' Updated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9800E0DA173EE63BBC4952DFB667838C679EDE |date=October 11, 1967 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=April 13, 2017 }}</ref><!---imdb 5.8/10-112--->
* ''[[Therese and Isabelle|Thérèse and Isabelle]]'' (1968)<!---imdb 6.3/10-431--->
* ''[[Camille 2000]]'' (1969)<!---imdb 6.0/10-397--->
* ''[[The Lickerish Quartet]]'' (1970)<!---imdb 6.1/10-589--->
* ''[[Little Mother (1973 film)|Little Mother]]'' (1973) (a.k.a. ''Mother'')<!---imdb 5.5/10-105--->
* ''[[Score (1974 film)|Score]]'' (1974)<ref name="TRR-20170404" /><!---imdb 6.2/10-596--->
* ''[[The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann]]'' (1974) (as Henry Paris)<!---imdb 6.8/10-239--->
* ''[[Naked Came the Stranger (1975 film)|Naked Came the Stranger]]'' (1975) (as Henry Paris)<ref name="TRR-20170405" /><!---imdb 6.4/10-139--->
* ''[[The Image (1975 film)|The Image]]'' (1975) (a.k.a. ''L'image''; ''The Punishment of Anne'')<!---imdb 6.4/10-1121--->
* ''[[The Opening of Misty Beethoven]]'' (1976) (as Henry Paris)<!---imdb 7.1/10-911--->
* ''[[Barbara Broadcast]]'' (1977) (as Henry Paris)<!---imdb 6.7/10-347--->
* ''[[Maraschino Cherry (film)|Maraschino Cherry]]'' (1978) (as Henry Paris)<!---imdb 6.7/10-89--->
* ''[[The Cat and the Canary (1979 film)|The Cat and the Canary]]'' (1978)<!---imdb 5.7/10-791--->
* ''[[The Tale of Tiffany Lust]]'' (1979) (a.k.a. ''Body Lust'') (uncredited)<ref name="TRR-20170402aw" /><ref name="NYT-2010">{{cite web|title=''Body Lust'' (1981) - Alternate title: ''The Tale of Tiffany Lust''|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/150944/Body-Lust/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204005521/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/150944/Body-Lust/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2016|access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref><!---imdb 5.9/10-76--->
* ''[[The World of Henry Paris]]'' (1981) (as Henry Paris)<!---imdb ?/10-< 5--->
* ''[[Aphrodesia's Diary]]'' (1983) (uncredited)<ref name="TRR-20170402aw" /><!---imdb 6.8/10-82--->
* ''[[The Princess and the Call Girl]]'' (1984)<!---imdb 5.2/10-82--->
* ''[[The Sins of Ilsa]]'' (1985) (unreleased)<ref name="TRR-20190623">{{cite news |last=West |first=Ashley |title='The Sins of Ilsa' (1985): The Untold Story of Radley Metzger's Unreleased Last Film |url=https://www.therialtoreport.com/2019/06/23/sins-of-ilsa/ |date=June 23, 2019 |work=[[The Rialto Report]] |access-date=November 3, 2019 }}</ref><!---imdb ?/10-< 5--->
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30}}
* [[Andrew Blake (director)|Andrew Blake]]
* [[Helmut Newton]]
* [[Michael Ninn]]
* [[Philip Mond]]
* [[Tinto Brass]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=History of the American cinema|volume=9 |first=David A.|last=Cook|publisher=University of California Press|year=2002|isbn=0-520-23265-8 |pages=274–275}}
* Heffernan, Kevin, "A social poetics of pornography", ''[[Quarterly Review of Film and Video]]'', Volume 15, Issue 3, December 1994, pp.&nbsp;77–83. {{doi|10.1080/10509209409361441}}.
* Lehman, Peter, ''Pornography: film and culture'', Rutgers depth of field series, Rutgers University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8135-3871-8}}.
* [[Linda Williams (film scholar)|Williams, Linda]], ''Hard core: power, pleasure, and the "frenzy of the visible"'', University of California Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-520-21943-0}}.

==External links==
* Image: [http://www.therialtoreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/RR_Radley_Warhol.jpg Radley Metzger and Andy Warhol (October 1970)] (archive:[https://archive.today/20191103213750/http://www.therialtoreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/RR_Radley_Warhol.jpg 1];[https://web.archive.org/web/20191019155013/https://www.therialtoreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/RR_Radley_Warhol.jpg 2])
* Image: [https://assets.mubi.com/images/cast_member/103156/image-original.jpg?1515546151 Radley Metzger, Andy Warhol and Ava Leighton (October 1970)] (archive:[https://archive.today/20191104024436/https://assets.mubi.com/images/cast_member/103156/image-original.jpg?1515546151 1];[https://web.archive.org/web/20191104024521/https://assets.mubi.com/images/cast_member/103156/image-original.jpg?1515546151 2])
* [https://mubi.com/cast/radley-metzger Radley Metzger] at [[MUBI]] (related to [[The Criterion Collection]])
* {{IMDb name|id=0582750|name=Radley Metzger}}
* [http://www.adultfilmdatabase.com/director.cfm?directorid=900 Henry Paris] at the [[Adult Film Database]]
* {{IAFD name|id=hparis|gender=d|name=Henry Paris}}
* [http://www.therialtoreport.com/tag/radley-metzger/ Radley Metzger – Archives] at ''[[The Rialto Report]]'' (2013 to present)
* [http://brightlightsfilm.com/seduction-universal-thoughts-radley-metzge Radley Metzger – Thoughts] and [http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue08/reviews/radleymetzger/ Reviews] by Gary Morris (1998).
* [http://www.mondo-digital.com/radmain.html Radley Metzger – The Films by Nathaniel Thompson (2007)]
<!---* [http://daily.greencine.com/archives/007918.html Radley Metzger – Interview (2010) (Podcast; 20:06)] -- link down? --->
<!---* [http://www.radleymetzger.de/inhalt.html Radley Metzger – Biography (German)] -- link down? --->
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYMi_8vF1D4 Radley Metzger – Tribute (videos: 01:16]; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2mDGuTJwDw 01:10)] (2017)
* Radley Metzger – Selected Film Trailers<!---<small>([[YouTube]])</small>--->:
::<small>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbXW1kb7sd4 ''Barbara Broadcast'' (04:09)]; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfEUzuWstUI ''Camille 2000'' (02:23)];<br />[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEDaiQG7Enk ''Lickerish Quartet'' (02:45)]; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcPbTxFQo_k ''Misty Beethoven'' (03:01)];<br />[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17YkBTrfIU0 Pamela Mann (02:55)]; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX9vVPeEhus ''Score'' (03:38)]; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXp4oE9N-74 ''The Image'' (11:07)]</small>
<!---
** {{youtube|UbXW1kb7sd4|Barbara Broadcast (04:09)}}
** {{youtube|zfEUzuWstUI|Camille 2000 (02:23)}}
** {{youtube|bEDaiQG7Enk|Lickerish Quartet (02:45)}}
** {{youtube|NcPbTxFQo_k|Misty Beethoven (03:01)}}
** {{youtube|17YkBTrfIU0|Pamela Mann (02:55)}}
** {{youtube|iX9vVPeEhus|Score (03:38)}}
** {{youtube|zXp4oE9N-74|The Image (11:07)}}
--->
{{Radley Metzger}}
{{Sexual revolution}}
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[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
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[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]