Editing Railway Operating Division

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
[[File:ROD 5322 at Didcot.jpg|thumb|[[GWR 4300 Class]] 5322, preserved in ROD khaki livery]]
The '''Railway Operating Division''' (ROD) was a [[division (military)|division]] of the [[Royal Engineers]] formed in 1915 to operate [[railways]] in the many theatres of the [[First World War]].  It was largely composed of railway employees and operated both [[standard gauge]] and [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] railways.

The ROD operated their first line on a section of the [[Hazebrouck]]–[[Ypres]] line.<ref name="raw">{{cite book |last1=Westwood |first1=John Norton |title=Railways at war |date=1980 |publisher=Ospray |location=London |isbn=0850453194 |page=153 }}</ref> The work was carried out by former employees of the [[London and North Western Railway]].<ref name="raw"/>

The ROD requisitioned many diverse locomotives from Britain's railway companies and leased several Belgian locomotives sent to France in 1914, but as the war dragged on adopted the [[Great Central Railway]]'s Robinson [[GCR Class 8K|Class 8K]] [[2-8-0]] as its standard freight locomotive to become the [[ROD 2-8-0]]. Some locomotives were also purchased from [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]] in the [[United States]].

They also operated narrow-gauge engines (meter gauge or {{Convert|600|mm|ft|abbr=}} gauge trains).

After the war, requisitioned locomotives returned to their foreign owners.

* the ROD 2-8-0 were stored in Great Britain and sold to several British companies between 1919 and 1927.
* the Baldwin locomotives were sold as [[military surplus]]; most of them ended up in Belgium and France.
During the First World War, the Railway Operating Division were assisted in their duties by other army units. The 17th Battalion, [[Royal Northumberland Fusiliers|Northumberland Fusiliers]]. The Battalion, a [[Pals battalion|Pals Battalion]] raised by the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]], began its life as a regular infantry battalion. It later became a Pioneer battalion and, owing to the large number of railwaymen available, became a Railway Pioneer battalion in October 1916 working under General Headquarters (GHQ) Railway Construction Troops. In September 1917, the battalion returned to an infantry battalion but returned to GHQ in November. They finally returned to an infantry battalion in May 1918, where they remained until the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shakespear |first=Lt. Col. |title=A Record of the 17th and 32nd Battalions Northumberland Fusiliers 1914-1919 (N.E.R.) Pioneers |date=July 2003 |publisher=Naval & Military Press |isbn=9781843426875 |location=Uckfield}}</ref>

== Railway Construction Companies ==
A number of Railway Construction Companies existed during the great war. The companies built standard gauge railways in combat zones on multiple fronts during the war. At the start of the First World War there were two regular and three special reserve, these were:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Railway Construction Companies of the Royal Engineers |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-corps-of-royal-engineers-in-the-first-world-war/railway-construction-companies-of-the-royal-engineers/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=The Long, Long Trail |language=en-GB}}</ref>

* 8th Railway Company
* 10th Railway Company
* Depot Company
* Royal Anglesey (1 company)
* [[Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers|Royal Monmouthshire]] (1 company)

It was soon realised the importance of railways on the front line, several more companies were raised for the duration of the war. The last company was demobilised in 1919.

Great War companies included:<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Railway Company
!Raised
!Embarked
!Theatre
|-
|2nd (Monmouth)
|[[Longmoor Military Railway|Longmoor]]
|11 November 1914
|Western Front
|-
|3rd (Anglesey)
|Longmoor
|11 November 1914
|Western Front
|-
|3rd (Monmouth)
|Longmoor
|11 November 1914
|Western Front
|-
|8th
|Longmoor
|15 August 1914
|Western Front
|-
|10th
|Longmoor
|28 November 1914
|Western Front
|-
|109th
|Longmoor
|24 December 1914
|Western Front
|-
|110th
|Longmoor
|15 February 1915
|Western Front
|-
|111th
|Longmoor
|15 February 1915
|Western Front
|-
|112th
|Longmoor
|15 February 1915
|Western Front
|-
|113th
|[[Cheltenham]]
|14 April 1915
|Western Front
|-
|114th
|Cheltenham
|1 May 1915
|Western Front
|-
|115th
|Longmoor
|Unknown
|Egypt
|-
|116th
|Longmoor
|Unknown
|Egypt
|-
|117th
|Longmoor
|5 September 1915
|Salonika
|-
|118th
|Longmoor
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|119th
|Longmoor
|30 May 1916
|Western Front
|-
|120th
|Longmoor
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|200th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Unknown
|-
|259th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|260th
|Longmoor
|3 February 1917
|Western Front
|-
|261st
|Longmoor
|26 February 1917
|Western Front
|-
|262nd
|Longmoor
|26 February 1917
|Western Front
|-
|263rd
|Longmoor
|26 April 1917
|Western Front
|-
|264th
|Longmoor
|13 May 1917
|Western Front
|-
|265th
|Longmoor
|14 September 1917
|Egypt
|-
|266th
|Longmoor
|14 September 1917
|Egypt
|-
|267th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Salonika
|-
|268th
|Longmoor
|19 December 1916
|Western Front
|-
|269th
|Longmoor
|17 January 1917
|Western Front
|-
|270th
|Cheltenham
|Unknown
|Egypt
|-
|271st
|Cheltenham
|26 January 1916
|Western Front
|-
|272nd
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Egypt
|-
|273rd
|Longmoor
|7 September 1916
|Salonika
|-
|274th
|Longmoor
|23 October 1916
|Egypt
|-
|275th
|Longmoor
|21 August 1916
|Western Front
|-
|276th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Egypt
|-
|277th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|278th
|[[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]]
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|279th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|280th
|Cheltenham
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|281st
|Cheltenham
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|282nd
|Cheltenham
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|295th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|296th
|Boulogne
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|297th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|298th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|-
|299th
|Unknown
|Unknown
|Western Front
|}

==See also==
* [http://www.wdlr.org.uk War Department Light Railways homepage]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:United Kingdom in World War I]]
[[Category:Military railways in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military logistics of World War I]]