Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Rainbow lorikeet
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = Rainbow lorikeet | image = Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus) Sydney.jpg | image_caption = Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney | image_upright = 1.2 | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Trichoglossus moluccanus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22725334A95228767 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725334A95228767.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Trichoglossus | species = moluccanus | authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788) }} The '''rainbow lorikeet''' ('''''Trichoglossus moluccanus''''') is a species of [[parrot]] found in [[Australia]]. It is common along the [[eastern states of Australia|eastern seaboard]], from northern [[Queensland]] to [[South Australia]]. Its habitat is [[rainforest]], coastal bush and [[woodland]] areas. Six [[taxa]] traditionally listed as [[subspecies]] of the rainbow lorikeet are now treated as separate species (see [[rainbow lorikeet#Taxonomy|''Taxonomy'']]). Rainbow lorikeets have been [[introduced species|introduced]] to [[Perth]], [[Western Australia]];<ref name=perth>[http://www.sciencewa.net.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=728&Itemid=670 ScienceWA Rainbow lorikeet joins Perth pest list] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726224606/http://www.sciencewa.net.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=728&Itemid=670 |date=2014-07-26 }}</ref> [[Tasmania]];<ref name=tasmania>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-05-30/rainbow-lorikeets-a-potential-threat-to-tasmanian-fruit-growers/8572264|title=Are rainbow lorikeets a threat to Tasmanian fruit growers?|newspaper=ABC News |date=30 May 2017}}</ref> [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]];<ref name=auckland>[http://www.biodiv.org/doc/case-studies/ais/cs-ais-nz-lorikeet-en.pdf Rainbow Lorikeet pest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321074324/http://www.biodiv.org/doc/case-studies/ais/cs-ais-nz-lorikeet-en.pdf |date=2007-03-21 }}</ref> and [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=hongkong>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=32124&m=1|title=BirdLife Data Zone|website=www.birdlife.org}}</ref> == Taxonomy == The rainbow lorikeet was formally listed in 1788 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] under the [[binomial name]] ''Psittacus moluccanus''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1788 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis Volume 1, Part 1| volume=Tomus 1 | edition=13th | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=316 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751536 }}</ref> Gmelin cited the French polymath [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] who in 1779 had published a description of "La Perruche à Face Bleu" in his ''Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1780 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=6 | location=Paris | publisher=De l'Imprimerie Royale | page=278 | chapter=La Perruche à Face Bleu | language=French | chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1069718q/f190.item }}</ref> The species was illustrated as the "Peluche des Moluques"<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Perruche d'Amboine | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=1 | location=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 61 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53103355 }}</ref> and as the "Perruche d'Amboine".<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Perruche d'Amboine | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=8 | location=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 743 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35218381 }}</ref> Gmelin was misled and coined the specific epithet ''moluccanus '' as he believed the specimens had come from the [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]]. The [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] was changed to [[Botany Bay]] in Australia by [[Gregory Mathews]] in 1916.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Mathews | first=Gregory | author-link=Gregory Mathews | year=1916 | title=Birds of Australia | volume=6 | location=London | publisher=Witherby | page=14 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53281823 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=151 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477866 }}</ref> The rainbow lorikeet is now placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Trichoglossus]]'' that was introduced in 1826 by the English naturalist [[James Francis Stephens]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Stephens | first=James Francis | author-link=James Francis Stephens | year=1812 | title=General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History Volume 14, Part 1 | location=London | publisher=Kearsley et al. | page=129 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46393921 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2021 | title=Parrots, cockatoos | work=IOC World Bird List Version 11.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/parrots/| publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=25 July 2021 }}</ref> Two [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Subspecies !! Distribution |- | || ''T. m. septentrionalis'' [[Herbert C. Robinson|Robinson]], 1900 || [[Cape York Peninsula]] (northeast Australia) |- |[[File:Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus) Sydney 2.jpg|120px]]|| ''T. m. moluccanus'' (Gmelin, JF, 1788) || Australia (except Cape York Peninsula) and Tasmania |- |} The rainbow lorikeet has often included the [[red-collared lorikeet]] (''T. rubritorquis'') as a subspecies, but today most major authorities consider it separate.<ref name=H&M>Dickinson, E. C. (editor) (2003). ''The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World.'' 3d edition. Christopher Helm. {{ISBN|0-7136-6536-X}}</ref><ref name=IOC>Gill, F., M. Wright, & D. Donsker (2010). ''[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ IOC World Bird Names].'' Version 2.4. Accessed 25-04-2010</ref> Additionally, a review in 1997 led to the recommendation of splitting off some of the most distinctive taxa from the [[Lesser Sundas]] as separate species, these being the [[scarlet-breasted lorikeet]] (''T. forsteni''), the [[marigold lorikeet]] (''T. capistratus'') and the [[Flores lorikeet]] (''T. weberi'').<ref>[[Richard Schodde|Schodde, R.]] & [[Ian J. Mason|I. J. Mason]] (1997). ''Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 37, Part 2: Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae).'' Australian Biological Resources Study. {{ISBN|0-643-06037-5}}</ref> This is increasingly followed by major authorities.<ref name=H&M/><ref name=IOC/> In 2019 The rainbow lorikeet in Australia was split into three: rainbow, [[Coconut lorikeet|coconut]] (''T. haematodus'') and [[red-collared lorikeet]]s (''T. rubritorquis'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-19/rainbow-lorikeet-species-split-into-six/11806318|title=Rainbow lorikeet is not one, but actually six different species|last=Collins|first=Ben|date=2019-12-19|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref> Three [[syntype]]s of ''Trichoglossus novaehollandiae septentrionalis'' Robinson ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12801365 Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, 1900, p.115]) are held in the vertebrate zoology collection of [[National Museums Liverpool]] at [[World Museum]], with accession numbers NML-VZ 23.7.1900.4, NML-VZ 23.7.1900.4a, and NML-VZ 23.7.1900.4b.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vertebrate Zoology|url=https://www.gbif.org/grscicoll/collection/225db9c9-16a8-47d4-a1a2-6940bb4a2da5|access-date=2021-12-01|website=www.gbif.org|language=en}}</ref> The specimens were collected in [[Cooktown, Queensland|Cooktown]], Queensland, Australia by E. Olive. The specimens came to the Liverpool national collection via purchase from [[Herbert C. Robinson|H. C. Robinson]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Wagstaffe|url=http://archive.org/details/type-specimens-of-birds-in-the-merseyside-county-museums-wagstaffe|title=Type Specimens of Birds in the Merseyside County Museums (formerly City of Liverpool Museums)|date=1978-12-01}}</ref> == Description == [[File:Trichoglossus moluccanus with open wings, Brisbane.jpg|thumb|right|In [[Brisbane]], Queensland.]] The rainbow lorikeet is a medium-sized parrot, with the length ranging from {{cvt|25|to|30|cm|in|1}} including the tail, and the weight varies from {{cvt|75|to(-)|157|g|oz}}. The [[plumage]] of the [[nominate race]], as with all subspecies, is very bright and colorful. The head is deep blue with a greenish-yellow nuchal collar, and the rest of the upper parts (wings, back and tail) are green. The chest is orange/yellow. The belly is deep blue, and the thighs and rump are green. In flight a yellow wing-bar contrasts clearly with the red underwing [[covert (feather)|coverts]]. There is little to visually distinguish [[sexual dimorphism|between the sexes]]. Juveniles have a black [[beak]], which gradually brightens to orange in the adults. The markings of ''Trichoglossus moluccanus'' resemble those of the [[coconut lorikeet]] (''Trichoglossus haematodus''), but with a blue belly and a more orange breast with little or no blue-black barring.<ref name="HBW">Collar N (1997). "Family Psittacidae (Parrots)" in ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]] Volume 4; Sandgrouse to Cuckoos'' (eds del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J) Lynx Edicions: Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-87334-22-9}}, pp. 420–425</ref> == Dimorphism == Unlike the [[eclectus parrot]], rainbow lorikeets do not have any immediately discernible dimorphic traits. Males and females look identical, and surgical sexing by a vet or DNA analysis of a feather is used to determine the sex of an individual.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rainbow Lorikeet Information|url=http://birdsville.net.au/birds-for-sale/lori-and-lorikeet/rainbow-lorikeet/|website=Birdsville|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173624/http://birdsville.net.au/birds-for-sale/lori-and-lorikeet/rainbow-lorikeet/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Owen|first1=Mike|title=Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus|url=http://www.birdsnways.com/mowen/rainbows.htm|website=Birds of Australia|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503233313/http://www.birdsnways.com/mowen/rainbows.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Behaviour == [[File:Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) -drinking.jpg|thumb|Drinking with its tongue. The genus name ''Trichoglossus'' means "brush tongue" in Greek.]] Rainbow lorikeets often travel together in pairs and occasionally respond to calls to fly as a flock, then disperse again into pairs. Rainbow lorikeet pairs defend their feeding and nesting areas aggressively against other rainbow lorikeets and other bird species. They chase off not only smaller birds, such as the [[noisy miner]] and the [[little wattlebird]], but also larger birds such as the [[Australian magpie]]. === Diet === [[File:Scaly-breasted Lorikeet, New South Wales, AU imported from iNaturalist photo 350109099.jpg|thumb|Eating watermelon with a [[scaly-breasted lorikeet]]]] Rainbow lorikeets feed mainly on fruit, pollen and nectar, and possess a tongue adapted especially for their particular diet. The end of the tongue is equipped with a [[papillate]] appendage adapted to gathering pollen and nectar from flowers.<ref>Low, R. (1977): ''Lories and Lorikeets – the brush-tongued parrots''. [[Paul Elek]] Ltd., London</ref> Nectar from [[eucalyptus]] is important in Australia, other important nectar sources are ''[[Pittosporum]]'', ''[[Grevillea]]'', ''[[Spathodea campanulata]]'' (African tulip-tree), and ''[[Metroxylon sagu]]'' (sago palm).<ref name = "HBW"/> In Melanesia [[coconut]]s are very important food sources, and rainbow lorikeets are important pollinators of these.<ref name = "Vanuatu"/> They also consume the fruits of ''[[Ficus]]'', ''[[Trema (plant)|Trema]]'', ''[[Muntingia]]'', as well as papaya and mangoes already opened by [[fruit bat]]s. They also eat crops such as [[apple]]s, and will raid [[maize]] and [[sorghum]].<ref name = "HBW"/> They are also frequent visitors at bird feeders placed in gardens, which supply store-bought nectar, sunflower seeds, and fruits such as apples, grapes and pears. In many places, including campsites and suburban gardens, wild lorikeets are so used to humans that they can be hand-fed. The [[Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Queensland]], Australia, is noted for its thousands of lorikeets. Around 8am and 4pm each day the birds gather in a huge, noisy flock in the park's main area. Visitors are encouraged to feed them a specially prepared nectar, and the birds will happily settle on people's arms and heads to consume it. Wild rainbow lorikeets can also be hand-fed by visitors at [[Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary]] in [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Australia. Semi-tame lorikeets are common daily visitors in many Sydney backyards, though many people, ignorant of their dietary requirements, feed them bread or bread coated with honey. This is an inadequate source of the nutrients, vitamins and minerals that the rainbow lorikeet requires and can lead to health and feather formation issues in young lorikeets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reptilepark.com.au/animalprofile.asp?id=37 |title=Rainbow Lorikeet Diet, Habitat & Reproduction - |location=NSW |publisher=Reptilepark.com.au |access-date=2018-04-14 |archive-date=2016-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325000020/http://www.reptilepark.com.au/animalprofile.asp?id=37 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Packet mixes with a nutritional mix suitable for feeding lorikeets are generally available from vets and pet stores.<ref>{{cite web|title=Feeding Lorikeets|url=http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/fact-sheets/pets/pets-pet-care-native-animals/feeding-lorikeets/2374/#.WFOCAWW9q0s|website=Burke's Backyard|date=19 September 2013 |access-date=16 December 2016}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Lorikeet closeup.jpg|Drinking ''[[Banksia]]'' nectar File:Rainbow lorikeet and Aloe sp Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha P1030135.jpg|Drinking ''[[Aloe]]'' nectar File:(1)Rainbow Lorikeet 057a.jpg|Drinking ''[[Grevillea]]'' nectar File:Rainbow lorikeet 7th Brigade Park Chermside P1110169.jpg|Drinking ''[[Erythrina crista-galli]]'' nectar </gallery> === Breeding === [[File:Rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus) mating at Peel Zoo, September 2020 01.jpg|200px|thumb|Rainbow lorikeets mating at [[Peel Zoo]], Western Australia]] [[File:Rainbow lorikeet in arboreal termite nest7th Brigade Park Chermside P1270780.jpg|right|thumb|In a termite nest]] In southern Australia, breeding usually occurs from late winter to early summer (August to January). Elsewhere in Australia, breeding has been recorded in every month except March, varying from region to region due to changes in food availability and climate.<ref name=Chapman /> Nesting sites are variable and can include hollows of tall trees such as [[eucalypt]]s, palm trunks, or overhanging rock.<ref name=Chapman>{{cite web |url=http://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=misc_pbns |title=The status and impact of the Rainbow Lorikeet (''Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus'') in South-West Western Australia |access-date=18 October 2017 |format=PDF |work= Wildlife Branch, Department of Conservation and Land Management|author=Tamra Chapman}}</ref> One population in the [[Admiralty Islands]] nests in holes in the ground on predator-free islets.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lecroy|first=M |author2=Peckover, WS |author3=K Kisokau |year=1992|title= A Population of Rainbow Lorikeets ''Trichoglossus haematodus flavicans'' Roosting and Nesting on the Ground|journal=[[Emu (journal)|Emu]]|volume=92|issue=3|pages=187–190 | doi = 10.1071/MU9920187 |bibcode=1992EmuAO..92..187L |url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/mu/pdf/mu9920187|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Pairs sometimes nest in the same tree with other rainbow lorikeet pairs, or other bird species.<ref name=Chapman/> The [[clutch (eggs)|clutch size]] is between one and three eggs, which are [[avian incubation|incubated]] for around 25 days.<ref name = "HBW"/> Incubation duties are carried out by the female alone.<ref name = "Vanuatu">{{cite book|last=Bregulla|first=Heinrich|title=Birds of Vanuatu|publisher=Anthony Nelson|location=Oswestry, England|year=1992|pages=189–191|isbn=0-904614-34-4}}</ref> Rainbow lorikeets are mostly monogamous and remain paired for long periods, if not for life.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Greive|first1=Bradley Trevor|title=Priceless: The Vanishing Beauty of A Fragile Planet|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|date=2002|isbn=978-0740726958|page=[https://archive.org/details/pricelessvanishi0000grei/page/144 144]|url=https://archive.org/details/pricelessvanishi0000grei|url-access=registration|quote=rainbow lorikeet monogamous.|access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> == Status == [[File:12 week old Rainbow Lorikeet.jpg|thumb|right|A 12-week-old female rainbow lorikeet in a back yard in Sydney]]Overall, the rainbow lorikeet remains widespread and often common. According to the annual Birdlife Australia census, it is the most commonly observed bird in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Aussie Backyard Bird Count Results|url=http://aussiebirdcount.org.au/2016-results/|website=Bird Life Australia|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220144649/http://aussiebirdcount.org.au/2016-results/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is therefore considered to be of [[least concern]] by [[BirdLife International]]. The status for some localised subspecies is more precarious, with especially ''T. h. rosenbergii'', the [[Biak lorikeet]] (which possibly is worthy of treatment as a separate species), being threatened by [[habitat loss]] and capture for the [[parrot trade]].<ref name=IOC/><ref name=JuniperParrt>Juniper, T., & M. Parr (1998). A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press. {{ISBN|1-873403-40-2}}</ref> === As a pest === [[File:Trichoglossus moluccanus, flowering Xanthorrhoea.jpg|thumb|Introduced to Western Australia]] Many fruit orchard owners consider them a pest, as they often fly in groups and strip trees containing fresh fruit. In urban areas, the birds create nuisance noise and foul outdoor areas and vehicles with droppings.<ref name=Chapman /> The rainbow lorikeet was accidentally released into the southwest of [[Western Australia]] near the [[University of Western Australia]] in the 1960s and they have since been classified as a pest.<ref name=perth /> They have a major impact there by competing with indigenous bird species, including domination of food sources and competition for increasingly scarce nesting hollows.<ref name=Chapman /> Bird species such as the [[purple-crowned lorikeet]], the [[Carnaby's black cockatoo]],<ref name=Chapman /> and the [[Australian ringneck]] are adversely affected or displaced. A feral population was established in New Zealand after a resident of the North Shore, Auckland, illegally<ref>Keeling, P. & Polkanov, A. 'The rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) problem in New Zealand' from Conference Abstracts, 175; Notorins</ref> released significant numbers of captive-reared birds in the area in the 1990s, which started breeding in the wild. By 1999, a self-sustaining feral population of 150–200 birds had been established in the region, proving that they could survive and adapt to the New Zealand environment.<ref name="doc.govt.nz">{{cite web |url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/animal-pests/animal-pests-a-z/rainbow-lorikeet/ |title=Animal pests A–Z|author=New Zealand Department of Conservation|website=www.doc.govt.nz}}</ref> The Department of Conservation, concerned that rainbow lorikeets would outcompete native [[honeyeaters]] and by the possible threat to pristine island habitats such as [[Little Barrier Island]], began eradicating the feral population in 2000. The [[Ministry for Primary Industries]] Bio-security, in partnership with DOC and regional councils, now manages rainbow lorikeets under the National Interest Pest Response initiative. The aim of the response is to prevent rainbow lorikeets from becoming established in the wild.<ref name="doc.govt.nz"/> Late in 2010, five of these birds were discovered living in the [[Mount Maunganui]] area. They were fed for a few days before being trapped by a Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries contractor.<ref>Betty Jeeves; 'Rainbow Lorikeets Gone From Bay', 17 August 2011; ''Bay of Plenty Times''</ref> ==Diseases== ===Lorikeet paralysis syndrome=== A syndrome of uncertain [[etiology]] affects rainbow lorikeets every year. Every year in southeast [[Queensland]] and northeast [[New South Wales]] thousands become paralysed, most significantly, unable to fly or eat. Because this problem is highly seasonal—occurring only October–June and most intensively December–February—it is likely this is a form of plant poisoning. This pattern suggests it is due to the fruits of an unknown plant, which only blooms from the spring to autumn, and most intensively in the summer.<ref name="paralysis-U-Sydney">{{cite web | title=Lorikeet Paralysis Syndrome Project | website=The [[University of Sydney]] | date=2021-06-23 | url=http://www.sydney.edu.au/science/our-research/research-areas/veterinary-science/lorikeet-paralysis-syndrome-project.html | access-date=2021-07-17}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Trichoglossus moluccanus}} {{Wikispecies|Trichoglossus moluccanus}} * [http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/rainbow_lorikeet/ World Parrot Trust] Parrot Encyclopedia – Species Profiles * [http://www.michianabirdsociety.com/lorikeet.htm Michiana Bird Society lorikeet page] * [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/parrots/the-danger-of-feeding-lorikeets The Dangers of Feeding Lorikeets (NSW Office of Environment and Heritage)] * [http://www.freesound.org/samplesViewSingle.php?id=75267 Audio field-recording of a pair of Lorikeets] * [http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Rainbow+lorikeet Rainbow Lorikeet on the Atlas of Living Australia] {{Lories and lorikeets}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1809222}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Trichoglossus|rainbow lorikeet]] [[Category:Birds of New South Wales]] [[Category:Birds of Queensland]] [[Category:Birds of South Australia]] [[Category:Birds of Victoria (state)]] [[Category:Endemic birds of Australia]] [[Category:Birds described in 1788|rainbow lorikeet]] [[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|rainbow lorikeet]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite news
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Commons category
(
edit
)
Template:Cvt
(
edit
)
Template:ISBN
(
edit
)
Template:Lories and lorikeets
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Sister project
(
edit
)
Template:Speciesbox
(
edit
)
Template:Taxonbar
(
edit
)
Template:Webarchive
(
edit
)
Template:Wikispecies
(
edit
)