Editing Rais massacre

{{Short description|1997 mass killing by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title            = Rais massacre
| location         = Rais, [[Algeria]]
| coordinates      = {{Coord|36.613|3.124|region:DZ_type:event|display=it}}
| date             = 28 August 1997
| partof           = [[Algerian Civil War]]
| fatalities       = 98 to 400 villagers<br>800 killed according to the BBC
| injuries         = 120
| perpetrator      = [[Armed Islamic Group of Algeria]]
}}
{{Campaignbox Algerian Civil War}}{{Algerian massacres of 1997}}
The '''Rais massacre''', of August 28, 1997, was one of [[Algeria]]'s bloodiest [[massacre]]s of the 1990s. It took place at the village of Rais, near [[Sidi Moussa, Algeria|Sidi Moussa]] and south of [[Algiers]]. The initial official death toll was 98 people killed and 120 wounded; CNN said that hospital workers and witnesses gave a toll of at least 200, and up to 400. The figure given by the Algerian government to the [[UN Commission on Human Rights]] was 238.<ref>{{Cite web |archive-date=Apr 20, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420051835/http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2000/documentation/commission/e-cn4-2000-3-add1.htm |author-link=Asma Jahangir |author=Asma Jahanhir |date=2 February 2000 |website=[[UN Commission on Human Rights]] |language=en |access-date=13 August 2023 |title=Civil And Political Rights, Including Questions Of: Disappearances And Summary Executions |quote=The Hais Rais/Sidi Moussa case. During the night of 29 August 1997 a terrorist group attacked the farming village of Hais Rais located on the outskirts of the commune of Sidi Moussa, killing 238 people. |url=http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2000/documentation/commission/e-cn4-2000-3-add1.htm}}</ref> The BBC later quoted the figure of 800 killed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-10-01 |title=Violent past haunts Algeria's fresh start |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4297888.stm |access-date=2023-03-05}}</ref>

In 1997, Algeria was at the peak of a brutal civil conflict that had begun after the military's cancellation of 1992 elections set to be won by the [[Islamic Salvation Front]] (FIS). The poor farming village of Rais had mostly voted for FIS and had a history of supporting [[Islamist]] guerrillas in the region, but (according to a villager quoted by [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]) had recently stopped providing them with food and money.

== Massacre ==
The hooded attackers arrived about 1 a.m. in trucks and cars, armed with shotguns, knives, axes, and bombs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2005-02-04 |title=Militants Massacre Civilians, Algerian Government Says |url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/massacre.htm |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204080044/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/massacre.htm |archive-date=4 February 2005 }}</ref> They continued killing the village's men, women, children, and even animals until dawn (about 6 a.m.), cutting throats and taking the time to burn corpses; young women, however, were abducted instead of being killed. In some cases, they left severed heads on doorsteps. They mutilated and stole from the dead, and committed atrocities against pregnant women. They burned and bombed some houses. The villagers tried to flee or hide. Army units stayed outside the village, shooting at fleeing villagers, but not attempting to enter the village until after the attackers, carrying away some 20 young women, left at dawn.<ref name=":0" />

Responsibility was claimed for this, as for the [[Bentalha massacre]], by the [[Armed Islamic Group|Armed Islamic Group (GIA)]]. In ''An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres'' (a book arguing that the GIA had become a tool of the state) two survivors are quoted as reporting that the killers were dressed like "[[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghan]]s", with turbans, covered faces, beards (some false), and uniforms, that the attackers were also cursing God throughout, and that among them were a few women, wearing [[hijab]] over a uniform. These accounts (which can be read below) appear not to be corroborated by major media outlets.

The government vowed to "continue to struggle without mercy against the barbarous criminals until their eradication", announcing a massive manhunt and new measures to reinforce rural security. [[Amnesty International]] expressed concern regarding the government response, noting that "the massacre site is surrounded by army barracks and security forces posts, located between a few hundreds metres and a few kilometers away",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-03-13 |title=Algeria: A human rights crisis - Amnesty International (AI) |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE280361997?open&of=ENG-313 |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313064648/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE280361997?open&of=ENG-313 |archive-date=13 March 2007 }}</ref> including an army barracks 100 metres away, and quoting a survivor as saying "The army and the security forces were right there; they heard and saw everything and did nothing, and they let the terrorists leave." AI interviewed another survivor and they mentioned how "in addition to the security forces barracks nearby, security forces’ units were also stationed just outside the village, and were aware that the massacre was being committed because those who were able to flee at the
beginning of the attack had gone to seek help and refuge with the nearby security forces."<ref name="amnesty.org">{{cite web | url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde28/023/1997/en/ | title=Algeria: Civilian population caught in a spiral of violence | date=18 November 1997 }}</ref>  The Prime Minister, [[Ahmed Ouyahia]], retorted to ITN that "the army, the national guard intervened, intervened as quickly as it was possible." The authorities cited concern regarding the possible presence of [[Land mine|mines]] and [[ambush]]es; however, a rescue worker interviewed by [[Human Rights Watch]] said that the first gendarmes there had not taken any precautions against possible mines as they drove in.

The Algerian government told the [[UN Commission on Human Rights]] that "A judicial inquiry was opened by the Larbâa court and the four perpetrators of the massacre identified. Search warrants were issued by the examining magistrate on 30 May 1998."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2000/documentation/commission/e-cn4-2000-3-add1.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241215050804/https://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2000/documentation/commission/e-cn4-2000-3-add1.htm |archive-date=2024-12-15 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.hri.ca}}</ref> How four attackers killed 238 people is not made clear.

The village's population had already dropped from 1000 before the conflict began to 200 after the massacre; many of the remainder left following this massacre.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-05-27 |title=NewStandard: 8/30/97 |url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/08-97/08-30-97/a03wn016.htm |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527175202/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/08-97/08-30-97/a03wn016.htm |archive-date=27 May 2005 }}</ref> Some of those who remained were given arms by the government for future self-defense, according to ''La Tribune'', which quotes residents opposing [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]'s amnesty to certain members of the armed groups (the Law of National Reconciliation), fearing that it would include murderers like those who killed their neighbors.

==Eyewitness quotes==
Mrs. Bachiri, a victim of the Rais massacre, testified on the deaths of her sixteen brothers and their children before members of the Algerian League for the Defence of Human Rights (LADDH):

"They slaughtered him along with his seven children. They slit their throats. He is blind the
poor guy… a blind man… what could he have done to deserve this? He is married to a lady who is
not totally fit mentally. She gave him two sons and two daughters. The sons were dragged outside
with their father and had their throats slit, whereas the daughters were taken away. One was twenty-eight years old, the other was twenty-four. 'why would they want to kill me? What did I do? They told him: 'come out, we want a word with you'. When he came out they were there… with military uniforms and toting their guns. There were a few women with them. The women were wearing the hijab over a military uniform.

One of the soldiers cut the finger of one of Amara’s daughters and said to his colleague: 'take the
gold, take the gold'. Amara’s 2-year-old granddaughter was found burnt in the oven. His old daughter
[the guest], was slaughtered too… she was lying on the ground… they put one of her sons on her
right arm, another son on the left arm and they shouted 'Allah Akfar'… We say: Allah Akbar [Allah
is the greatest]' but they were saying 'Allah Akfar' [Allah is the worst of the unbelievers]. They came
in cars, in Landrovers… People who stayed at home were slaughtered, and those who went out were
shot dead."<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Massacres in Algeria, 1992-2004 | url=https://algeria-watch.org/pdf/pdf_en/massacres_algeria.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226093757/http://www.algeria-watch.org:80/pdf/pdf_en/massacres_algeria.pdf | archive-date=2007-02-26}}</ref>

Quote from an unnamed survivor of the Rais massacre to [[Amnesty International]]:

“Why did this happen? Why didn’t anyone stop it? There is no law any more.
The army and the security forces were right there; they heard and saw everything
and did nothing, and they let the terrorists leave.... They [the army] waited for the
terrorists to finish their dirty task and then they let them leave. What does this
mean to you? ...... I had been threatened by the fundamentalists but I almost got
killed by the army. Even my friends in the army don’t understand anything
anymore these days...”.<ref name="amnesty.org"/>

==See also==
* [[List of massacres in Algeria]]
* [[List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9708/29/algeria.new/] CNN
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050527175202/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/08-97/08-30-97/a03wn016.htm] AP
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204080044/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/massacre.htm] NYT
*[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec97/algeria_10-21.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101104540/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec97/algeria_10-21.html |date=1 November 2013 }} PBS NewsHour
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313064648/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE280361997?open&of=ENG-313] Amnesty International
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050214090202/http://iupjournals.org/ral/ral30-3.html] Rais, Bentalha - one year later - a poem by Assia Djebar
*[http://www.ifrc.org/fr/meetings/regional/africa/6thpac/docs/enfance%20bless%E9e.lwp] Surviving children's response - Algerian Red Crescent
*[http://www.algerie-tpp.org/tpp/pdf/dossier_2_massacres.pdf] 2 eyewitness accounts according to the LADDH
*[http://www.algeria-watch.de/fr/article/pol/amnistie/rais_refuse.htm] La Tribune
*[https://www.hrw.org/reports98/algeria/ALGER988-02.htm] Human Rights Watch
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041123070419/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/focus/9801gun.htm] BBC
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4297888.stm] BBC - 8 years on
*[https://algeria-watch.org/pdf/pdf_en/massacres_algeria.pdf] Justice Commission for Algeria stating the specific date of the massacre

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rais Massacre}}
[[Category:Massacres during the Algerian Civil War]]
[[Category:1997 murders in Algeria]]
[[Category:1997 controversies]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1997]]
[[Category:August 1997 in Africa]]
[[Category:Violence against women in Algeria]]
[[Category:Islamism-related beheadings]]
[[Category:History of Algiers Province]]
[[Category:Military scandals]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Algeria in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Africa in 1997]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 1997]]
[[Category:Law enforcement controversies]]
[[Category:August 1997 crimes]]
[[Category:Mass murder in Algiers]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Algiers]]
[[Category:Algiers in the Algerian Civil War]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Algeria]]
[[Category:Knife attacks in Algeria]]
[[Category:Mass stabbings in Algeria]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks in Africa]]
[[Category:Axe murder]]
[[Category:Stabbing attacks in 1997]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in Algeria]]
[[Category:Arson in 1997]]
[[Category:Residential building bombings in Algeria]]
[[Category:1997 building bombings]]
[[Category:Looting in Algeria]]
[[Category:Improvised explosive device bombings in Algiers]]
[[Category:Controversies in Algeria]]
[[Category:Armed Islamic Group of Algeria attacks]]
[[Category:1997 mass shootings in Africa]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving shotguns]]