Editing Ravello

{{Expand Italian|date=January 2022|topic=geo}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Ravello
| official_name       = Comune di Ravello
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = ravello-coastline.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_caption       = Amalfi Coast looking south from Ravello
| image_shield        = Ravello-Stemma.png
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|40|39|N|14|37|E|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Campania]]
| province            = [[Province of Salerno|Salerno]] (SA)
| frazioni            = Sambuco, Torello, Castiglione, Marmorata, San Cosma, San Pietro alla Costa, Monte, Casa Bianca
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = Paolo Vuilleumier
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 7.94
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 2500
| population_as_of    = 31 December 2014
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Ravellesi
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/campania/41-ravello/|title=Ravello|website=Tuttitalia|language=Italian}}</ref>
| elevation_m         = 350
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = [[Saint Pantaleon|St. Pantaleon]]
| day                 = July 27
| postal_code         = 84010
| area_code           = 089
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.ravello.sa.it}}
| footnotes           = 
| module       = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child        = yes
| part_of = [[Costiera Amalfitana]]
| criteria     = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iv)}}(ii)(iv)
| ID           = 830
| year         = 1997
| area         = {{convert|11206|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone  = {{convert|11857|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
}}

'''Ravello''' ([[Neapolitan language|Campanian]]: {{lang|nap|Raviello, Reviello}}) is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) situated above the [[Amalfi Coast]], in the [[province of Salerno]], Campania, with approximately 2,500 inhabitants. Its scenic location makes it a popular tourist destination, and earned it a listing as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1997.

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Center_of_Ravello_Italy.JPG|thumb|[[Piazza]] with Villa Ruffolo's entry tower]]
Ravello was founded in the 5th century as a shelter place against the [[barbarian invasions]] which marked the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]].

In the 9th century Ravello was an important town of the maritime [[Republic of Amalfi]].

It was a producer of wool from its surrounding country that was dyed in the town and an important trading power in the Mediterranean between 839 and around 1200.

In 1086, at the request of the [[Italo-Normans|Italo-Norman]] count [[Roger Borsa]], who wished to create a counterweight to the powerful [[Duchy of Amalfi]], [[Pope Victor III]] made Ravello the seat of a diocese immediately subject to the [[Holy See]], with territory split off from that of the archdiocese of Amalfi. Early on, the bishops of Ravello all came from patrician families of the city, showing the church's municipalized character.

In the 12th century, Ravello had some 25,000 inhabitants, and it retains a number of palazzi of the mercantile nobility, the Rufolo, d'Aflitto, Confalone, and Della Marra.

In 1137, after a first failed attack two years before, the Duchy was destroyed by the [[Republic of Pisa]]. After this, a demographic and economic decline set in, and much of its population moved to [[Naples]] and its surroundings in the [[Kingdom of Naples]].

In 1944 during [[WW2]], the king of Italy lived in Ravello—at the "Palazzo Priscopio"—while waiting to go back to Rome<ref>[https://www.ilvescovado.it/it/sezioni-25/storia-e-storie-12/11-febbraio-1944-salerno-capitale-il-re-dimora-a-21881/articleThe king of Italy] at Ravello, www.ilvescovado.it {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125110823/https://www.ilvescovado.it/it/sezioni-25/storia-e-storie-12/11-febbraio-1944-salerno-capitale-il-re-dimora-a-21881/article |date=2020-11-25 }}</ref>

[[File:Ravello, Villa Rufolo - panoramio.jpg|thumb|View of [[Amalfi Coast]] from Ravello]]
[[File:Ravello - Villa Cimbrone 03.jpg|thumb|240px|Garden terrace at [[Villa Cimbrone]]]]
[[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Ravello, 1965) - BEIC 6328862.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] Cloister at [[Villa Rufolo]]]]

==Main sights==
{{Travel guide|section|date=January 2022}}
*The ''{{Interlanguage link|Duomo di Ravello|it}}'' (Cathedral of Ravello): the central nave contains the "Pulpit of the Gospels", on the right of the central nave, created in 1272 by Nicolò di Bartolomeo from [[Foggia]].<ref>[https://www.ravello.com/attractions/duomo/ Duomo di Ravello]</ref>
*''[[Villa Rufolo]]'' (1270), built by Nicola Rufolo, one of the richest Patricians of Ravello, on a ledge and it has become a famous attraction for thousands of visitors. The villa was mentioned by [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] in his ''[[Decameron]]'' and it is the place where [[Richard Wagner]] in 1880 was inspired for the stage design of his opera [[Parsifal]].<ref>[https://www.ravello.com/attractions/villa-rufolo/ Villa Rufolo]</ref>
*''[[Villa Cimbrone]]'', known for its "Terrace of the Infinite".<ref>[https://www.ravello.com/attractions/villa-cimbrone/ Villa Cimbrone]</ref>
*The church of ''[[San Giovanni del Toro]]'' (named for John the Apostle and for "Il Toro", the former name of the old aristocratic quarter in which it was built) dating to before the year 1000. The church contains the [[House of Bove|Bove]] pulpit, dateable to 1200–1230, incorporated as mosaic fragments Raqqa bacini.
*The small church of ''Santa Maria a Gradillo'' (11th century). It has a basilica plan, with an apse and two aisles.
*Sanctuary of Sts. Cosmas and Damian (14th century)
*''[[La Rondinaia]]'' (The Swallow's Nest), built in the 1930s on a cliff face, the villa was the Italian residence of [[Gore Vidal]] until 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|last=David|first=Mark|date=2015-11-03|title=For Sale: Gore Vidal's Italian Cliffhanger (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2015/dirt/real-estalker/for-sale-gore-vidals-italian-cliffhanger-1201629757/|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Variety|language=en}}</ref>

==Culture==
The town has served historically as a destination for artists, musicians, and writers, including [[Giovanni Boccaccio]], [[Richard Wagner]], [[Edvard Grieg]], [[M. C. Escher]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Emmer|first=Michele|title=Matematica E Cultura 2004|year=2004|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-88-470-0291-3|pages=248|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUJGCsRbvmQC&pg=PT248}}</ref> [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Greta Garbo]], [[Gore Vidal]], [[André Gide]], [[Joan Miró]], [[Truman Capote]], [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Kennedy]], [[Leonard Bernstein]] and [[Sara Teasdale]] (who mentioned it in her prefatory dedication in ''Love Songs''). {{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

Every year in the summer months, the "[[Ravello Festival]]" takes place. It began in 1953 in honour of [[Richard Wagner]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The 1953 film ''[[Beat the Devil (film)|Beat the Devil]]'', directed by [[John Huston]] and starring [[Humphrey Bogart]], [[Jennifer Jones]], and [[Gina Lollobrigida]] in her English language debut, was shot in Ravello.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://former.imdb.com/title/tt0046414/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014015256/http://former.imdb.com/title/tt0046414/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |archive-date=2014-10-14 |title=Beat the Devil (1953) - IMDb}}</ref> An extended scene of Bogart and Jones romancing was filmed on the ''Terrazza dell'lnfinito'' at the ''[[Villa Cimbrone]]''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==Transportation== 
Ravello can be reached from the [[Strada statale 163 Amalfitana|163 Amalfitana]] State Road by private car. The town centre is also served by the 511006 bus.

==See also==
* [[Amalfi Coast]]
* [[Sorrento Peninsula|Sorrentine Peninsula]]
* [[Villa Cimbrone]]
* [[Villa Rufolo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ravello}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.comune.ravello.sa.it/ Official website] {{in lang|it}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051215174331/http://www.ravellotime.it/home_en.asp Ravello Tourism Board] 
* [https://www.ravello.com Ravello] Travel Guide about Ravello, Italy
* [http://www.ravelloarts.org Ravello Concert Society] Official website of the Chamber Music Festival. 
* [http://www.ravellofestival.com Ravello Festival] official website

{{Province of Salerno}}
{{Amalfi Coast-Sorrento Peninsula}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ravello| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Campania]]
[[Category:Amalfi Coast]]
[[Category:Hilltowns in Campania]]
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Europe]]