Editing Redvers Buller

{{short description|British Army general and recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Redvers Buller
|image= VCRedversHenryBuller.jpg
|image_size= 
|alt= 
|caption= 
|nickname= 
|birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1839|12|07}}
|birth_place= [[Crediton]], [[Devon]]
|death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1908|06|02|1839|12|07}}
|death_place= Crediton, Devon
|placeofburial= Holy Cross Churchyard, Crediton
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[British Army]]
|serviceyears= 1858–1901
|rank= [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|unit= [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]]
|commands= [[Aldershot Command]]<br />[[Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa|British Forces in South Africa]]<br />[[Adjutant-General to the Forces]]<br />[[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]]
|battles= 
[[Second Anglo-Chinese War]]<br />[[Anglo-Ashanti wars]]<br />[[Xhosa Wars]]<br />[[Anglo-Zulu War]]<br />[[First Boer War]]<br />[[Anglo-Egyptian War]]<br />[[Mahdist War]]<br />[[Second Boer War]]
|awards= {{Plain list|
* [[Victoria Cross]]
* [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
* [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
}}
|relations= 
|laterwork= 
}}

[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir Redvers Henry Buller''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|VC|GCB|GCMG}} (7 December 1839 – 2 June 1908) was a [[British Army]] officer and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces. He served as [[Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa]] during the early months of the [[Second Boer War]] and subsequently commanded the army in [[Colony of Natal|Natal]] until his return to England in November 1900.

==Origins==
[[File:BullerArms.PNG|thumb|200px|Arms of Buller: ''Sable, on a cross argent quarter pierced of the field four eagles displayed of the first''{{sfn|Pirie-Gordon|1937|p=279}}]]
[[File:DownesCreditonByJohnSwete1797.JPG|thumb|"Downes, seat of James Buller Esq", watercolour by Rev. [[John Swete]], dated 1797]]

Buller was the second son and eventual heir of [[James Wentworth Buller]] (1798–1865), MP for Exeter, by his wife Charlotte Juliana Jane Howard-Molyneux-Howard (d.1855), third daughter of [[Lord Henry Thomas Howard-Molyneux-Howard]], Deputy [[Earl Marshal]] and younger brother of [[Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk]]. Redvers Buller was born on 7 December 1839 at the family estate of [[Downes, Crediton|Downes]], near Crediton in Devon, inherited by his great-grandfather James Buller (1740–1772) from his mother Elizabeth Gould, the wife of [[James Buller (the younger)|James Buller]] (1717–1765), MP.{{sfn|Pirie-Gordon|1937|p=279}}

The Bullers were an old Cornish family, long seated at [[Morval, Cornwall|Morval]] in Cornwall until their removal to Downes. The family estates, including Downes, inherited in 1874 by Redvers Buller from his unmarried elder brother James Howard Buller (1835–1874){{sfn|Pirie-Gordon|1937|p=278}} included {{convert|2942|acre|ha|disp=flip}} of Devon and {{convert|2174|acre|ha|disp=flip}} of Cornwall, which in 1876 produced an income of £14,137 a year.{{sfn|Bateman|1883|p=66}}

==Early career==
After education at [[Eton College|Eton]], he [[Purchase of commissions in the British Army|purchased a commission]] in the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps|60th Rifles]] in May 1858.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22142|page=2518|date=21 May 1858 }}</ref> He served in the [[Second Opium War]] and was promoted [[Captain (land and air)|captain]] before taking part in the Canadian [[Wolseley Expedition|Red River Expedition]] of 1870. In 1873–74, he was the intelligence officer under [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Lord Wolseley]] during the [[Anglo-Ashanti wars|Ashanti campaign]], during which he was slightly wounded at the [[Battle of Ordabai]]. He was promoted to [[Major (rank)|major]] and appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]].

==Zulu War and Victoria Cross==
He then served in South Africa during the [[Xhosa Wars|9th Cape Frontier War]] in 1878 and the [[Anglo-Zulu War]] of 1879. In the Zulu War he commanded the mounted infantry of the northern British column (No. 4 column) under Sir [[Evelyn Wood (British Army officer)|Evelyn Wood]]. In March 1879 the column met defeat at the [[Battle of Hlobane]]. Buller was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery during this battle.

The following day he participated in the British victory at the [[Battle of Kambula]]. After the Zulu attacks on the British position were beaten off, he led his mounted troops in a ruthless pursuit of fleeing Zulu fighters. In June 1879, he again commanded mounted troops at the [[Battle of Ulundi]], the Zulu capital. This decisive British victory effectively ended the war.

His VC citation, for actions taken during the Battle of Hlobane, reads:

{{blockquote|For his gallant conduct at the retreat at Inhlobana, on the 28th&nbsp;March, 1879, in having assisted, whilst hotly pursued by Zulus, in rescuing Captain [[Cecil D'Arcy|C. D'Arcy]], of the Frontier Light Horse, who was retiring on foot, and carrying him on his horse until he overtook the rear guard. Also for having on the same date and under the same circumstances, conveyed Lieutenant C. Everitt, of the Frontier Light Horse, whose horse had been killed under him, to a place of safety. Later on, Colonel Buller, in the same manner, saved a trooper of the Frontier Light Horse, whose horse was completely exhausted, and who otherwise would have been killed by the Zulus, who were within 80 yards of him.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24734|page=3966|date=17 June 1879}}</ref>}}

[[File:Redver buller sauvant un officier à Hlobane.jpg|thumb|upright|Buller's VC action, painted by [[Montagu Love|H. Montagu Love]] (1905)]]

In an interview to ''[[The Register (Adelaide)|The Register]]'' newspaper of [[Adelaide]], South Australia, dated 2 June 1917, Trooper George Ashby of the [[Frontier Light Horse]] (also referred to as "[[Henry Burmester Pulleine|Pulleine]]'s Pets") attached to the 24th Regiment gave an account of his rescue by Col. Buller:

{{blockquote|... it was discovered that the mountain was surrounded by a vast horde of Zulus. An attempt was made to descend on the side opposite to the pass. Cpl. Ashby and his little party endeavoured to fight their way down, and at last he and a man named Andrew Gemmell, now living in New Zealand, were the only ones left. With their faces to the foe, firing as they retired, they kept the Zulus at bay. Then an unfortunate thing happened, Cpl. Ashby's rifle burst, but, fortunately for him, Col. Buller, afterwards Sir Redvers Buller, who was one of the party, came galloping by, and offered to take him up behind him. Col. Buller was a heavy man, and his horse was a light one, and realizing this, Cpl. Ashby declined his generous offer. But the Colonel stayed with him, and, Cpl. Ashby having picked up a rifle and ammunition from a fallen comrade, the two men retired, firing whenever a foeman showed himself. They eventually reached the main camp, and for this service, as well as for saving the lives of two fellow-officers on the same occasion, Col. Buller received the Victoria Cross. Out of 500 men who made the attack on the Zjilobane Mountain, more than 300 met their death."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59138187 |title=A ROMANTIC CAREER. |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)|The Register]] |volume=LXXXII |issue=22,017 |location=Adelaide |date=2 June 1917 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>}}

==First Boer War, Sudan and Ireland==
In the [[First Boer War]] of 1881 he was Sir [[Evelyn Wood (British Army officer)|Evelyn Wood]]'s chief of staff and the following year was again head of intelligence, this time in the [[Egypt]] campaign, and was knighted.

He had married Audrey, the daughter of the [[John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend|4th Marquess Townshend]], in 1882 and in the same year was sent to the [[Sudan]] in command of an infantry brigade and fought at the battles of [[Battle of El Teb|El Teb]] and [[Battle of Tamai|Tamai]], and the expedition to relieve General Gordon in 1885. He was promoted to major-general. He was sent to Ireland in 1886, to head an inquiry into moonlighting by police personnel. He returned to the Army as [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] the following year and in 1890 promoted to [[Adjutant-General to the Forces]], becoming a [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant general]] on 1 April 1891.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26152|page=2061|date=14 April 1891}}</ref> He was appointed [[Colonel (United Kingdom)#Honorary Colonel|Honorary Colonel]] of the [[1st (Exeter and South Devon) Volunteer Battalion, Devonshire Regiment]], on 4 May 1892.<ref>''Army List''.</ref> Although expected to be made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army by [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]]'s government on the retirement of the [[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge|Duke of Cambridge]] in 1895, this did not happen because the government was replaced and [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Lord Wolseley]] was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army instead. On 24 June 1896 Buller was promoted to full [[General (United Kingdom)|General]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26759|page=4095|date=17 July 1896}}</ref>

==Second Boer War and sacking==
Buller became head of the troops stationed at [[Aldershot]] in 1898. He was sent as commander of the [[Natal Field Force]] in 1899 on the outbreak of the [[Second Boer War]]. On seeing the list of troops which would make up his Corps Buller is said to have remarked "well, if I can't win with these, I ought to be kicked." By early September 1899 he had serious thoughts that the Boers could not easily be browbeaten, and that [[George White (British Army officer)|White]]'s forces in Natal might receive some punishment if they deployed too far forward. He arrived at the end of October.{{sfn|Holmes| 2004| p=56}} He was defeated at the [[Battle of Colenso]], during what was later to become known as [[Black Week]]. Defeats at the [[Battle of Magersfontein]] and [[Battle of Stormberg]] also involved forces under his command. Because of concerns about his performance and negative reports from the field he was replaced in January 1900 as overall commander in South Africa by [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]]. Defeats and questionable ability as commander soon earned him the nickname "Reverse Buller" among troops. He remained as second-in-command and suffered two more setbacks in his attempts to relieve [[Ladysmith, South Africa|Ladysmith]] at the battles of [[Battle of Spion Kop|Spion Kop]] and [[Battle of Vaal Krantz|Vaal Krantz]]. On his fourth attempt, Buller was victorious in the [[Battle of the Tugela Heights]], [[Relief of Ladysmith|lifting the siege]] on 28 February 1900, the day after [[Piet Cronje]] at last surrendered to Roberts at Paardeberg.{{sfn|Holmes| 2004| p=97}} After Roberts took Bloemfontein (13 March 1900), Buller correctly predicted that the Boers would take to guerrilla warfare.{{sfn|Holmes| 2004| p=101}} Later he was successful in flanking Boer armies out of positions at [[Biggarsberg]], [[Laing's Nek]] and [[Lydenburg]]. It was Buller's veterans who won the [[Battle of Bergendal]] in the war's last set-piece action.

Buller was also popular as a military leader amongst the public in England, and he had a triumphal return from South Africa with many public celebrations, including those on 10 November 1900 when he went to Aldershot to resume his role as [[General Officer Commanding]] Aldershot District,{{sfn|Beckett|2008}} later to be remembered as "a Buller day". He spent the following months giving lectures and speeches on the war, was promoted to a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) in Nov 1900,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27306 |date=19 April 1901 |page=2698}}</ref> and received the [[Freedom of the City|Honorary Freedom of the Borough]] of [[Plymouth]] in April 1901.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |title=General Buller at Plymouth |date=12 April 1901 |page=8 |issue=36427}}</ref> However, his reputation had been damaged by his early reverses in South Africa, especially within the Unionist government. When public disquiet emerged over the continuing guerrilla activities by the defeated Boers, the Minister for War, [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|St. John Brodrick]] and Lord Roberts sought a scapegoat.{{sfn| Powell|1994|p=199}} The opportunity was provided by the numerous attacks in the newspapers on the performance of the British Army. The matter came to a head when a virulent piece written by ''[[The Times]]'' journalist [[Leopold Stennett Amery|Leo Amery]] was publicly answered by Buller in a speech on 10 October 1901. Brodrick and Roberts saw their opportunity to pounce and, summoning Buller to an interview on 17 October, Brodrick, with Roberts in support, demanded his resignation on the grounds of breaching military discipline. Buller refused and was summarily dismissed on half pay on 22 October.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Sir Redvers Buller relieved of his command|date=23 October 1901 |page=3 |issue=36593}}</ref> His request for a court martial was refused, as was his request to appeal to [[Edward VII|the King]].

==Later life==
[[File:Statue of General Sir Redvers Buller - geograph.org.uk - 1363286.jpg|thumb|left|200px|1905 bronze [[Equestrian statue of Sir Redvers Buller]] in [[Exeter]], by [[Adrian Jones (sculptor)|Adrian Jones]]{{sfn|Pevsner|Cherry| 2004|p=436}} ]]

There were many public expressions of sympathy for Buller, especially in the West Country, where in 1905 by public subscription a notable statue by [[Adrian Jones (sculptor)|Adrian Jones]] of Buller astride his war horse was erected in [[Exeter]] on the road from his home town of [[Crediton]] (facing away from Crediton to the annoyance of its inhabitants).

He received the Honorary Freedom of the borough of [[Blandford Forum|Blandford]] on 1 December 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=2 December 1902 |page=10 |issue=36940}}</ref>

Buller described himself as a [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] and a [[Liberal Unionist Party|Liberal Unionist]], but declined a number of offers, from both sides, to stand for Parliament at the [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906 election]].{{sfn|Powell|1994|p=203}} Buller continued his quiet retirement, until on 29 May 1907 he accepted the post of Principal Warden of the [[Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths|Goldsmiths' Company]] which he held until his death in 1908.

==Marriage and offspring==
[[File:RedversBullerAndWife.jpg|thumb|200px|Redvers Buller and his wife, Lady Audrey Townshend]]
In 1882, aged 43, he married Lady Audrey Jane Charlotte Townshend (d. 1926), widow of Greville Howard (son of [[Charles Howard, 17th Earl of Suffolk]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Lady Audrey Jane Charlotte Buller (née Townshend) (1844-1926), Former wife of Hon. Greville Theophilus Howard, and later wife of Sir Redvers Buller; daughter of 4th Marquess Townshend |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp93166/lady-audrey-jane-charlotte-buller-nee-townshend |website=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=19 May 2025}}</ref> by whom she had issue, and daughter of [[John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend]] by his wife Elizabeth Jane Crichton-Stuart, daughter of Lord George Stuart, younger son of [[John Crichton-Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute]]. 

Sir Redvers and Lady Audrey had one daughter,<ref>{{cite sign|url=http://www.devonheritage.org/stentiford/Issue_20/EllenStentiford/3Aug2art3.htm| title=Mural tablet erected by Georgiana Buller |location=Crediton Church}}</ref> (Audrey Charlotte) [[Georgiana Buller]] (1884–1953). She was awarded the Royal Red Cross (R.R.C.) and made a Dame Commander, [[Order of the British Empire]] (1920), of [[Devon County Hall|Bellair House]], Exeter. She served as an administrator of the War Hospitals in Exeter during World War I{{sfn|Pirie-Gordon|1937|p=278}} and died unmarried in 1953.

==Death, burial and succession==
Buller died on 2 June 1908, at the family seat, Downes House, Crediton, Devon, and is buried in the churchyard of [[Crediton Parish Church|Holy Cross Church]] in Crediton. The entire western side of the chancel arch inside the church forms an elaborate monument to Sir Redvers.

As he died without male progeny he was succeeded in the family estates by his next surviving younger brother Arthur Tremayne Buller (born 1850), his father's fifth son.{{sfn|Pirie-Gordon|1937|p=278}}

==Legacy==
Historian [[Richard Holmes (military historian)|Richard Holmes]] (1946&ndash;2011) commented that Buller has gone down as "one of the bad jokes of Victorian military history", and quotes a famous verdict that he was "an admirable captain, an adequate major, a barely satisfactory colonel and a disastrous general". [[Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher|Viscount Esher]] called him "a gallant fellow but no strategist".<ref>{{harvnb|Holmes|2004|p=39}}</ref> [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Wolseley]] praised his "stern determination of character". At least one recent historian has been kinder to his reputation:

{{blockquote|Buller's achievements have been obscured by his mistakes. In 1909, a French military critic, General Langlois, pointed out that it was Buller, not Roberts, who had the toughest job of the war – and it was Buller who was the innovator in countering Boer tactics. The proper use of cover, of infantry advancing in rushes, co-ordinated in turn with creeping barrages of artillery: these were the tactics of truly modern war, first evolved by Buller in Natal.|author=[[Thomas Pakenham (historian)|Thomas Pakenham]]{{sfn|Pakenham|1979|p=485}}}}

==Place name tributes==
===England===
In England the [[Royal Corps of Transport]] barracks at [[Aldershot Garrison|Aldershot]] is named after him, as is a road in [[North Camp]] between Farnborough and Aldershot, and Buller Court in Farnborough (built upon the site of Buller House). Two adjacent roads near the underground station in [[Wood Green]], London, namely Redvers Road and Buller Road (adjacent to [[Mafeking, South Africa|Mafeking]] Road), bear his name, as do a road in [[Brighton]], Buller Road in [[Southampton]], Redvers Buller Road in [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]], Derbyshire (adjacent to [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden Powell]] Road and Lord Roberts Road (after [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts of Kandahar]])), Buller Street in [[Derby]], Buller Road in Croydon and Buller Street and Mews in [[Bury, Lancashire]] (yards from the old Lancashire Fusiliers Wellington Barracks on Bolton Road). [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]] also has a Redvers Road and a Buller Road next to each other, opposite a Natal Road, and adjacent to roads and avenues named after some other Boer War Generals: [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Haig]], [[Herbert Kitchener|Kitchener]], [[Penn Symons|Symons]] and [[George White (British Army officer)|White]]. Leicester also has a Buller Road adjacent to other streets named after Anglo Boer War Generals. Brighton also has a Redvers and a Buller Road, along with other references to the war: Mafeking Road, Ladysmith Road and Kimberley Road nearby. Buller Road in Exeter is close to Redvers Road, crossed by Nelson Road. Exeter School has a Buller House.

===Canada===
In [[British Columbia]] Buller Street in [[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] is named after him, near Roberts Street and Kitchener Street. The town of [[Redvers, Saskatchewan|Redvers]], in Saskatchewan, is named after him. In [[Ontario]], Buller Street in [[Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock]] is named after him.

===Trinidad and Tobago===
Buller Street in [[Port of Spain]] is one of seven streets bearing the names of officers of the British Army who distinguished themselves during the [[Second Boer War]]: [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Roberts]], [[Herbert Kitchener|Kitchener]], [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]], Buller, [[Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen|Methuen]], [[Hector MacDonald|MacDonald]] and William Forbes Gatacre.

==Monuments==
[[File:The Buller Memorial.JPG|thumb|200px|Monument in [[Crediton Parish Church|Holy Cross Church]], Crediton, to Redvers Buller]]

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum]] in [[Winchester]], England.

===Winchester Cathedral===
There is a memorial to Buller, in the form of his recumbent effigy, in the north transept of [[Winchester Cathedral]], England.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/264764/|title=War Memorials Online|website=Warmemorialsonline.org.uk|access-date=29 October 2021|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815140022/https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/264764/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The inscription reads, "A great leader – Beloved of his men."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krrcassociation.com/index.php/16-uncategorised/vcs/69-brevet-lieutenant-colonel-redvers-henry-buller-cb?start=2|publisher= King's Royal Rifle Corps Association| title=Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Redvers Henry Buller CB page Page 3 of 3| access-date = 21 April 2018}}</ref>

===Exeter===
[[File:Memorial to Redvers Buller in Exeter Cathedral.jpg|thumb|Memorial in [[Exeter Cathedral]]]]

A bronze [[Equestrian statue of Sir Redvers Buller|equestrian statue of Buller]] by [[Adrian Jones (sculptor)|Adrian Jones]] (1905){{sfn|Pevsner|Cherry| 2004|p=436}} is situated in Exeter at the junction of New North Road and Hele Road, on the route between the city and Buller's home at [[Downes, Crediton]], and since 1970<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/em/exetercollege.php|title = Exeter Memories - Exeter College|website=Exetermemories.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exeter.ac.uk/honorarygraduates/2015/honorarygraduates/ceremony9/|title = University of Exeter|website=Exeter.ac.uk}}</ref> it has stood outside [[Exeter College, Exeter|Exeter College]]. In January 2021, [[Exeter City Council]] voted to move the statue away from the college on the grounds that its connection to "British imperialism" meant it was "inappropriate" to be "outside an educational establishment which includes young people from diverse backgrounds".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/13/council-votes-remove-statue-victoria-cross-winning-general-british/|title=Council votes to remove statue to Victoria Cross-winning general over 'British imperialism' links|access-date=12 January 2021|date=12 January 2021|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-55641394|title = Councillors vote to apply for Exeter statue relocation after review|work = BBC News|date = 13 January 2021}}</ref> In February 2021, the council abandoned plans to move the statue, though temporary information boards will be installed and the council will consider removing the words "He saved Natal" from the plinth.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-56013833|title = Army general statue in Exeter: Council drops relocation plan|work = BBC News|date = 10 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/general-sir-redvers-buller-sees-off-his-foes-in-exeter-statue-battle-rqwx97q6v|title = General Sir Redvers Buller sees off his foes in Exeter statue battle|last1 = Malvern|first1 = Jack|newspaper=[[The Times]]}}</ref>

===Crediton===
The entire western side of the chancel arch inside [[Crediton Parish Church|Holy Cross Church]] in Crediton forms an elaborate monument to Buller, designed by [[William Douglas Caröe]] with sculpture of St George by [[Nathaniel Hitch]] (1845–1938).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creditonparishchurch.org.uk/history/the-buller-memorial/ |title=The Buller Memorial|publisher= Crediton Parish Church|access-date= 14 September 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Winbolt|1929}} A brass mural tablet was erected in Crediton Church by his only daughter Georgiana Buller. The public house at 37 High Street in Crediton, originally a [[Wetherspoons]], bears his name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JD Wetherspoon Pubs |last=Adams |first=John |work=ucl.ac.uk |date=8 December 2003 |url= https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ccaajpa/pubs-spoons.html }}</ref>

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Bateman|first=John |title=The Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/greatlandowners00bategoog|year=1883|publisher=Harrison and Sons}}
* {{cite ODNB|first=Ian F. W.|last= Beckett|title=Buller, Sir Redvers Henry (1839–1908)|orig-year= 2004|edition = online |date= January 2008|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32165|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/32165}}
* {{Cite book|last=Holmes|first=Richard|title=The Little Field Marshal: A Life of Sir John French|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson| year=2004|isbn=0-297-84614-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Pakenham|first=Thomas |title=The Boer War|url=https://archive.org/details/boerwar00pake|url-access=registration|year=1979|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-394-42742-3|author-link=Thomas Pakenham (historian)}}
* {{cite book|author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner|last1=Pevsner|first1= Nikolaus|last2= Cherry|first2= Bridget|title= The Buildings of England: Devon|location= London|date= 2004|page=436|isbn=9780300095968|publisher=Yale University Press}}
* {{cite book|last= Pirie-Gordon|first=Charles Harry Clinton|title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tU5uwAACAAJ|year=1937|publisher=Shaw cum Burke }}
* {{cite book|last=Powell|first=Geoffrey|title=Buller: A Scapegoat? A Life of General Sir Redvers Buller VC|publisher=Pen and Sword|year=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wl-AwAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-4738-1287-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Symons|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Symons|title=Buller's Campaign|publisher=Cresset Press| year=1963}}
* {{cite book|title=Devon|first= Samuel Edward |last=Winbolt |publisher=[[G. Bell & Sons]]|location=London|date= 1929|series= Bell's pocket guides., English counties}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Norman F. |title=On the Psychology of Military Incompetence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2V8plIls64C|year=1994|publisher=Pimlico|isbn=978-0-7126-5889-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Harvey|first=David |title=Monuments to courage: Victoria Cross headstones and memorials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYMWAQAAIAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Kevin and Kay Patience}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Redvers Buller}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Buller, Sir Redvers Henry}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041125092218/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/devonshi.htm Location of grave and VC medal] ''(Devonshire)''
*[http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/EM/_art/buller.php General Sir Redvers Buller Statue in Exeter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913082005/http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/em/_art/buller.php |date=13 September 2011 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081022103953/http://www.creditonparishchurch.org.uk/Buller.html Crediton Parish Church article]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Arthur James Herbert|Sir Arthur Herbert]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]]|years=1887–1890}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Durand Baker|Sir Thomas Baker]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Lord Wolseley]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Adjutant-General to the Forces|Adjutant General]]|years=1890–1897}}
{{s-aft|after=Sir [[Evelyn Wood (British Army officer)|Evelyn Wood]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|The Duke of Connaught]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Aldershot Command|GOC-in-C Aldershot Command]]|years=1898–1899}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Kelly-Kenny]]<br /><small>(acting)</small>}}
|-
{{s-new|reason=Start of [[Second Boer War]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa]]|years=1899–1900}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[William Francis Butler|Sir William Butler]]<br /><small>(acting)</small>}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Aldershot Command|GOC-in-C Aldershot Command]]|years=1901–1902}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John French, 1st Earl of Ypres|Sir John French]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buller, Redvers Henry}}
[[Category:1839 births]]
[[Category:1908 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglo-Zulu War recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Anglo-Zulu War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Mahdist War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Opium War]]
[[Category:British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the 9th Cape Frontier War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Boer War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Ashanti War]]
[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Buller family|Redvers]]
[[Category:Burials in Devon]]
[[Category:Governors of Natal]]
[[Category:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Devon]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People from Crediton]]
[[Category:People of the Fenian raids]]
[[Category:People of the Red River Rebellion]]
[[Category:Under-Secretaries for Ireland]]