Editing Reigate

{{good article}}
{{Short description|Town in Surrey, England}}
{{distinguish|Ryegate (disambiguation){{!}}Ryegate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox UK place
 | country                  = England
 | type                     = [[Town]]
 | coordinates              = {{coord|51.237|-0.206|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
 | label_position           = left
 | official_name            = Reigate
 | static_image_name        = Old Town Hall, Reigate, Surrey (June 2022).jpg
 | static_image_caption     = [[Old Town Hall, Reigate|Old Town Hall]], High Street
 | population               = 21,820
 | population_ref           = (electoral definition) or 22,123 (Built-up Area)<ref name=NOMIS>{{NOMIS2011|id=1119884973|title=Reigate Built-up area sub division|access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
 | shire_district           = [[Reigate and Banstead]]
 | shire_county             = [[Surrey]]
 | region                   = South East England
 | constituency_westminster = [[Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)|Reigate]]
 | post_town                = Reigate
 | postcode_district        = RH2
 | postcode_area            = RH
 | dial_code                = 01737
 | os_grid_reference        = TQ2649
 | london_distance          = {{cvt|18.94|mi|km|adj=ri0|0}}
 | london_direction         = N
}}

'''Reigate''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|aɪ|ɡ|eɪ|t}} {{respell|RY|gate}}) is a [[town status in the United Kingdom|town]] in [[Surrey]], England, around {{convert|18.94|mi|km|adj=ri0|0}} south of central London. The settlement is recorded in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as ''Cherchefelle'', and first appears with its modern name in the 1190s. The earliest archaeological evidence for human activity is from the [[Paleolithic]] and [[Neolithic]], and during the [[Roman Britain|Roman period]], tile-making took place to the north east of the modern centre.

A [[motte-and-bailey castle]] was erected in Reigate in the late 11th or early 12th century. It was originally constructed of [[lumber|timber]], but the curtain walls were rebuilt in stone about a century later. An [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[priory]] was founded to the south of the modern town centre in the first half of the 13th century. The priory was [[dissolution of the monasteries|closed]] during the [[English Reformation|Reformation]] and was rebuilt as a private residence for [[William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham]]. The castle was abandoned around the same time and fell into disrepair.

During the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] and [[early modern period]]s, Reigate was primarily an agricultural settlement. A weekly market began no later than 1279 and continued until 1895. Key [[crop]]s included [[oats]], [[hops]] and [[flax]], but there is no record of [[rye]] being grown in the local area. The economy initially declined in the 18th century, as new [[turnpike trust|turnpike roads]] allowed cheaper goods made outside the town to become available, undercutting local producers. Following the arrival of the railways in the mid-19th century, Reigate began to expand and the sale of much of the priory estate in 1921 released further land for housebuilding.

Reigate is part of the [[London commuter belt]], and since 1974 it has been one of four towns in the [[borough status in the United Kingdom|borough]] of [[Reigate and Banstead]]. The borough council is based at the [[Reigate Town Hall|town hall]] in Castlefield Road, and [[Surrey County Council]] has its headquarters at [[Woodhatch Place, Reigate|Woodhatch Place]]. Much of the [[North Downs]], to the north of Reigate, is owned by the [[National Trust]], including [[Colley Hill]], {{convert|722|ft|m}} above [[ordnance datum]] (OD) and Reigate Hill {{convert|771|ft|m}} above OD.

==Toponymy==
In the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, Reigate appears as ''Cherchefelle'' and in the 12th century, it is recorded as ''Crichefeld'' and ''Crechesfeld''. The name is thought to mean "open space by the hill or barrow".<ref>{{harvnb|Gover|Mawer|Stenton|1934|pp=281–282}}</ref><ref name=Poulton_1980>{{cite journal |last= Robert |first= Poulton |year= 1980 |title= Cherchefelle and the origins of Reigate |url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-457-1/dissemination/pdf/vol03/vol03_16/03_16_433_438.pdf |journal= London Archaeologist |volume= 3 |issue= 16 |pages= 433–436 |doi= 10.5284/1070630 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211021/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-457-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol03%2Fvol03_16%2F03_16_433_438.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

The name "Reigate" first appears in written sources in the 1190s. Similar forms are also recorded in the late medieval period, including ''Reigata'' in 1170, ''Regate'' in 1203, ''Raygate'' in 1235, ''Rigate'' in 1344 and ''Reighgate'' in 1604. The name is thought to derive from the [[Old English]] ''rǣge'' meaning "roe deer" and the [[Middle English]] ''gate'', which might indicate an enclosure gate or [[mountain pass|pass]] through which deer were hunted.<ref name=Gover_1934_p304-305>{{harvnb|Gover|Mawer|Stenton|1934|pp=304–305}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ekwall|1966|p=384}}</ref> It has also been suggested that the "rei" element may have evolved from the Middle English ''ray'', meaning a marshland or referring to a stream;<ref>{{harvnb|Camden|1637|p=296}}</ref> this theory is considered unlikely as the Old English form of this word is ''ree'' rather than ''rey''.<ref name=Gover_1934_p304-305/>{{refn|The name "Wray Common" is thought to derive from the Old English ''(at)theree'' meaning "(at) the stream".<ref name=Gover_1934_p306>{{harvnb|Gover|Mawer|Stenton|1934|p=306}}</ref>|group=note}}

Woodhatch may derive from the Old English word ''hæc'' meaning "gate", and the name may mean "gate to the wood". It is possible, in this instance, that the "wood" referred to is the [[Weald]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=209–210}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Aubrey|1719|p=402}}</ref> In 1623, a survey of the manor of Reigate noted a "Bowling Alley lying before the gate of the Tenement called Woodhatch".<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=149}}</ref> Alternatively, the name may derive from that of a local resident: A "Thomas ate Chert" is recorded as living at the settlement in the early 14th century, and "Woodhatch" might instead mean "woodland of the ate Chert family".<ref name=Gover_1934_p306/>

==Geography==
{{see also|Surrey#Climate}}
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===Location and topography===
Reigate is in central [[Surrey]], around {{cvt|18.94|mi|km|adj=ri0|0}} south of central London and {{cvt|9|mi|km}} north of [[Gatwick Airport]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigate.ac.uk/job-vacancies/about-reigate-and-orientation/ |title= About Reigate |publisher= Reigate College |access-date= 21 June 2023 }}</ref> The town is in the [[Vale of Holmesdale]], below the [[North Downs]] escarpment. The average elevation in the centre is {{cvt|80|m|ft}} above [[ordnance datum]] (OD) and the area is drained by the Wallace Brook and its tributaries, which feed the [[River Mole]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Reigate Conservation Area appraisal |url= https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/2294/reigate_conservation_area_character_appraisal_-_draft.pdf |date= February 2015 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 21 June 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230621143636/https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/2294/reigate_conservation_area_character_appraisal_-_draft.pdf |archive-date=  21 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mole-catchment-abstraction-licensing-strategy |title= Mole Abstraction licensing strategy |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2013 |publisher= Environment Agency |access-date= 27 April 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190723221117/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mole-catchment-abstraction-licensing-strategy |archive-date= 23 July 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Geology===
Woodhatch lies on the [[Weald Clay]], a [[sedimentary rock]] primarily consisting of mudstone that was deposited in the [[early Cretaceous]]. Much of Reigate is on the [[stratum|strata]] of the [[Lower Greensand Group]]. This group is multi-layered and includes the sandy Hythe Beds overlain by the clayey Sandgate Beds, which together form the high ground of Priory Park.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=47}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=51}}</ref> Reigate Heath and the town centre are on quartz-rich Folkestone Beds<ref name=Dines_1933_11-13>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|pp=11–13}}</ref> and the water-filled part of the castle [[moat]] is dug into narrow band of clay present in the sandstone.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=77}}</ref> To the north of the railway line is the [[Gault|Gault Formation]], a stiff, blue-black, [[shale|shaly]] clay, deposited in a deep-water marine environment.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|pp=80–82}}</ref> At the base of the North Downs is a thin outcrop of [[Upper Greensand Formation|Upper Greensand]], above which lies the [[Chalk Group]].<ref name=BGS_Gallois>{{harvnb|Gallois|Edmunds|1965}}</ref>

[[File:- Barons' Sand Caves and Mine, Reigate (4791117611).jpg|thumb|One of the tunnels excavated through the Folkestone Beds beneath [[Reigate Castle]]]]
Weald clay was dug for brickmaking at Brown's Brickyard in Woodhatch.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=37}}</ref> Building sand was excavated from Barnards Pit, to the west of the town, and at Wray Common Road to the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=179}}</ref> [[Stratum|Seams]] of [[silver sand]] which occur in the Folkestone Beds were quarried for glass making and the caves beneath the castle may originally have been excavated for this purpose, before being used as cellars. There is also evidence of [[ironstone]] extraction in the town, although this practice is thought to have ceased by 1650.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=177}}</ref>

[[Reigate Stone]] was mined from the Upper Greensand from medieval times until the mid-20th century<ref name=Michette_2020>{{cite journal |vauthors= Michette M, Viles H, Vlachou C, Angus I |year= 2020 |title= The many faces of Reigate Stone: an assessment of variability in historic masonry based on Medieval London's principal freestone |journal= Heritage Science |volume= 8 |page= 80 |doi= 10.1186/s40494-020-00424-w |doi-access= free }}</ref> and was used in the construction of several local buildings, including the castle, [[Reigate Priory]] and St Mary's Church. To the north of the town are the remains of several old chalk pits<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=100}}</ref> and lime is thought to have been produced at a site at the base of [[Colley Hill]], although the age of the workings is uncertain.<ref>{{harvnb|Dines|Edmunds|Chatwin|Stubblefield|1933|p=180}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
[[File:BARBED AND TANGED ARROWHEAD (FindID 969304).jpg|thumb|right|A [[British Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] barbed and [[tang (tools)|tanged]] flint [[arrowhead]], found in Reigate<ref>{{cite web |last= Maslin |first= Simon |title= Barbed and tanged arrowhead |date= 3 April 2020 |orig-date= 4 September 2019 |url= https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/969304 |publisher= The Portable Antiquities Scheme |access-date= 17 Aug 2022 }}</ref>]]
The earliest evidence of human activity in the Reigate area is a triangular stone axe from the [[Paleolithic]], which was found in Woodhatch in 1936.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Hooper |first= Wilfrid |year= 1937 |title= A palaeolith from Surrey |journal= The Antiquaries Journal |volume= 17 |issue= 3  |page= 318 |doi= 10.1017/S0003581500094403 |s2cid= 164049561 }}</ref> Worked flints from the later [[Neolithic]] have been found on Colley Hill.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=13}}</ref> Finds from the [[Bronze Age Britain|Bronze Age]] include a gold [[Ring (jewellery)#Styles|penannular ring]], dated to {{circa|1150|750}} [[Common Era|BCE]],<ref>{{cite journal |last= Williams |first= David |date= February 2012 |title= A Bronze Age gold penannular ring from Reigate |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS431_0.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin |volume= 431 |page= 17 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211021/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS431_0.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> and a barbed spearhead from Priory Park.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Williams |first= David |date= March 1994 |title= A late Bronze Age spearhead from Priory Park, Reigate |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS282.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin |volume= 282 |page= 19 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211021/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS282.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> The eight [[tumulus|barrows]] on Reigate Heath are thought to date from the same period, when the surrounding area may have been marshland.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Hooker |first1= Rose |last2= English |first2= Judie |date= October 2010 |title= Reigate Heath Archaeological Survey |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS423_0.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin |volume= 425 |pages= 17–19 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211022/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS423_0.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=Heath_Barrows>{{unbulleted list citebundle|[[Historic England]] bowl barrows on Reigate Heath: {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008849|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008851|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008852|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008857|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008869|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008871|access-date=16 October 2012}} {{NHLE|short=yes|num=1008872|access-date=16 October 2012}}}}</ref>

[[File:Reigate-Roman-tile-kiln 2004 thumb2.jpg|right|thumb|Roman tile kiln excavated in Doods Road<ref name=SCC_Roman>{{cite web |url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/archaeology/archaeological-unit/recent-archaeology-projects/roman-tile-kiln-excavated-at-doods-road-reigate |title= Roman tile kiln excavated at Doods Road Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 18 December 2014 |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 20 September 2021 |archive-date= 21 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210921203746/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/archaeology/archaeological-unit/recent-archaeology-projects/roman-tile-kiln-excavated-at-doods-road-reigate |url-status= live }}</ref>]]
During the Roman period, the Doods Road area was a centre for tile-making.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Masefield |first= Robert |date= March 1994 |title= New evidence for a Roman tilery at Reigate in Surrey |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS282.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin |volume= 282 |pages= 17–18 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211021/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS282.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> An excavation in 2014 uncovered the remains of a 2nd- or 3rd-century kiln with several types of tile, identified as [[imbrex and tegula|'' tegulae'', ''imbrices'']] and ''pedales''.<ref name=SCC_Roman/>{{refn|Roman tiles originating from Reigate have been found in London. It is probable that ceramics were transported to markets in ''[[Londinium]]'' via [[Stane Street (Chichester)|Stane Street]] or the [[London to Brighton Way]] to the west and east of the town. The nearest points on the two [[Roman roads in Britannia|Roman roads]] to the Doods Road tilery are around {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}} distant.<ref name=Robertson_2003>{{cite web|url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-726-1/dissemination/pdf/reigate/reigate_eus_report.pdf |title= Extensive Urban Survey of Surrey: Reigate |last= Robertson |first= Jane |date= June 2003 |orig-date= March 2001 |publisher= Surrey County Archaeological Unit |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211109/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-726-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Freigate%2Freigate_eus_report.pdf |url-status= live}}</ref>|group=note}} Artefacts discovered to the south west of the town centre in 2011 suggest that there was a high-status [[Roman villa|villa]] nearby. Coins from the reigns of [[Vespasian]] (69–79), [[Hadrian]] (117–138), [[Severus Alexander]] (222–235) and [[Arcadius]] (383–408), indicate that there was Roman activity in the local area throughout the [[Roman Britain|occupation of Britain]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Williams |first= David |date= February 2011 |title= A Roman site at Slipshatch Road, Reigate |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS425_0.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin |volume= 425 |pages= 8–9 |access-date= 19 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211114/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS425_0.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

The former name ''Cherchefelle'' suggests that the most recent period of permanent settlement in Reigate began in [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] times.<ref name=Robertson_2003/> The main settlement is thought to have been located in the area of the parish church, to the east of the modern centre, although much of the population was probably thinly dispersed around the parish.<ref name=Hooper_1979_p22>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=22}}</ref> Excavations in Church Street in the late 1970s uncovered a Saxon glass jar and remains of a skeleton of uncertain age,<ref>{{cite journal |last= Poulton |first= Robert |year= 1986 |title= Excavations on the site of the Old Vicarage, Church Street, Reigate, 1977-82, Part I Saxo-Norman and earlier discoveries |url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-379-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_77_sup/surreyac077_m001-m094_poulton-a.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Collections |volume= 77 |pages= 17–94 |doi= 10.5284/1069111 |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211120/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-379-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol_77_sup%2Fsurreyac077_m001-m094_poulton-a.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> but archaeological evidence from this period elsewhere in the town is sparse.<ref name=Robertson_2003/>

===Governance===
Reigate appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Cherchefelle''. It was held by [[William the Conqueror]], who had assumed the lordship in 1075 on the death of [[Edith of Wessex]], widow of [[Edward the Confessor]]. The settlement included two [[Mill (grinding)|mills]] worth 11s 10d, land for 29 [[plough]] teams,{{refn|Each plough team was capable of cultivating {{convert|120|acre|ha|abbr=on}} per year, giving a total area of {{convert|3480|acre|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} of arable land in Reigate in 1086.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp20-21>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=20–21}}</ref>|group=note}} [[woodland]] and herbage for 140 [[Domestic pig|swine]], [[pasture]] for 43 pigs and {{convert|12|acre|ha|1|abbr=on}} of [[meadow]]. The manor [[feudalism|rendered]] £40 per year in 1086 and the residents included 67 villagers and 11 smallholders.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |title= Surrey Domesday Book |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070715015325/http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |archive-date= 15 July 2007}}</ref><ref name=Reigate_Domesday>{{cite web |url= https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ2161/epsom/ |title= Reigate |author= Powell-Smith A |year= 2011 |publisher= Open Domesday |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 1 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201101011757/https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ2161/epsom/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The Domesday Book also records that the town was part of the larger [[Reigate Hundred|Hundred of Cherchefelle]].<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp20-21/>

The non-corporate [[Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)|Borough of Reigate]], covering roughly the town centre, was formed in 1295. It elected two MPs until the [[Reform Act 1832]] when it lost one.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/20420/units |title= A Vision of Britain: First mention of Redhill, units and statistics |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150107185645/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/20420/units |archive-date=2015-01-07 |publisher= [[University of Portsmouth]]}}</ref> In 1868, Reigate borough was disenfranchised for corruption,<ref>{{cite news |date= 15 June 1968 |title= Parliamentary changes under the New Reform Act |work= Birmingham Daily Post |issue= 3089 |page= 5 }}</ref> but representation in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] was restored to the town in the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885]] ([[48 & 49 Vict.]] c. 23).<ref>{{cite act |title= Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 |type=  |number= (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) |language= English |date= 25 June 1885 |url= https://archive.org/details/publicgeneralac01walegoog/page/n113/mode/2up?view=theater&q=reigate |access-date= 21 June 2023 }}</ref>

The manor of ''Cherchefelle'' was granted to [[William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey|William de Warenne]] when he became [[Earl of Surrey]] {{circa|1090}} and under his patronage, Reigate began to thrive. The castle was constructed shortly afterwards and the modern town was established to the south in the late 12th century.<ref name=O_Connell>{{cite journal |last= O'Connell |first= M |year= 1977 |title= Historic Towns in Surrey |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Research Volumes |url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2249-1/dissemination/pdf/r_vol_5/surreyrv005_025-048_godalming.pdf |access-date= 30 January 2021 |volume= 5 |page= 41 |archive-date= 30 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210130182832/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2249-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fr_vol_5%2Fsurreyrv005_025-048_godalming.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> An [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[priory]], founded by [[William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey|the fifth Earl of Surrey]], is recorded in 1240.<ref name=Robertson_2003/> By 1276, a regular market was being held and a record of 1291 describes Reigate as a [[ancient borough|Borough]].<ref name=O_Connell/> On the death of the seventh Earl, [[John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey|John de Warenne]], in 1347, the manor passed to his [[sibling-in-law|brother-in-law]], [[Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel|Richard Fitzalan]], the third [[Earl of Arundel]]. In 1580 both Earldoms passed through the female line to [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|Phillip Howard]], whose father, [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]], had forfeited the title of [[Duke of Norfolk]] and had been executed for his involvement in the [[Ridolfi plot|Ridolfi plot to assassinate Elizabeth I]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of|volume=19|page=744}}</ref> The dukedom [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk|was restored to the family]] in 1660, following the accession of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Arundel, Earls of|volume=2|pages=706–709}}</ref>

[[Tudor period#Local government|Reforms during the Tudor period]] reduced the importance of [[manorial court]]s and the day-to-day administration of towns such as Reigate became the responsibility of the [[vestry]] of the parish church.<ref>{{harvnb|Kümin|1996|pp=250–255}}</ref> By the early 17th century, the {{convert|5000|acre|km2|adj=on|abbr=on|order=flip}} ecclesiastical parish had been divided for administrative purposes into two parts: the "Borough of Reigate", which broadly corresponded to the modern town centre, and "Reigate Foreign", which included the five petty boroughs of Santon, Colley, Woodhatch, Linkfield and Hooley.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp4-5>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=4–5}}</ref>{{refn|The division of Reigate parish into two distinct administrative areas is unusual among Surrey towns.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp4-5/>|group=note}} The two parts were reunited in 1863 as a [[Municipal Borough]] with a council of elected representatives chaired by a mayor.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp4-5/><ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=180–181}}</ref> The Borough was extended in 1933 to include Horley, Merstham, Buckland and Nutfield.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=190}}</ref>

The [[Local Government Act 1972]] created Reigate and Banstead Borough Council, by combining the Reigate Borough with Banstead Urban District and the eastern part of the Dorking and Horley Rural District.{{refn|Buckland and Nutfield were transferred to [[Mole Valley]] and [[Tandridge District]]s respectively.|group=note}} Since its inception in 1974, the council has been based in the Town Hall in Castlefield Road, Reigate.<ref name=R&B_Guide>{{harvnb|Reigate_&_Banstead_Guide|1989|p=33}}</ref>

===Reigate Castle===
{{main|Reigate Castle}}
[[Image:Reigate Castle 002.jpeg|right|thumb|The gatehouse folly was constructed in 1777.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1188787|desc=Reigate Castle Gateway|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>]]
Reigate Castle was built in the late 11th or early 12th century, most likely by [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey]]. Taking the form of a [[motte-and-bailey castle]], it was originally constructed of [[lumber|timber]], but the [[curtain wall (fortification)|curtain walls]] were rebuilt in stone around a century later. A water-filled moat section was dug into the clay on the north side and a dry ditch was excavated around the remainder of the structure. The large size of the motte indicates that the castle was designed both as a fortification and as the lord's residence from the outset.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=44}}</ref>{{refn|Local legend says that part of [[Magna Carta]] was [[draft document|drafted]] in the Barons' Cave beneath Reigate Castle in 1215, but the academic consensus is that this story is untrue.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|2016|p=15}}</ref> The earliest recorded reference to the cave system is from 1586.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thetimechamber.co.uk/beta/sites/underground-sites/barons-cave-reigate |title= Barons' Cave, Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2022 |publisher= The Time Chamber |access-date= 22 April 2022 |archive-date= 7 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220407035853/https://www.thetimechamber.co.uk/beta/sites/underground-sites/barons-cave-reigate |url-status= live }}</ref>|group=note}}

Following the [[dissolution of the monasteries]], the lords of the manor moved their primary residence to Reigate Priory, to the south of the town. The castle was allowed to decay, with only small outlays recorded in the manor accounts for repairs, until 1686, when the buildings were reported as ruinous. Much of the masonry was most likely removed for local construction projects, but in around 1777, Richard Barnes, who rented the grounds, built a new gatehouse folly using the remaining stone. A century later, the Borough Council was granted a long lease on the property, which had been turned into a public garden.<ref name=Hooper_1979_46-47>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=46–47}}</ref>{{refn|In late Victorian times, the field to the east of the castle was used as a cricket pitch.<ref name=Hooper_1979_46-47/> A new road, Castlefield Road, was constructed over the field and the Municipal Buildings were built on the west side, opening in 1901.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=189}}</ref>|group=note}} Regular tours of the caves beneath the castle are run by the Wealden Cave and Mine Society.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigatecaves.org.uk |title= Reigate Caves |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Wealden Cave and Mine Society |access-date= 8 October 2021 |archive-date= 4 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210304011327/https://reigatecaves.org.uk/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Reigate Priory===
{{main|Reigate Priory}}
[[File:Priory Pond - geograph.org.uk - 1326750.jpg|thumb|Former fish pond in Priory Park, restored in 2007<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1326750 |title= TQ2449: Priory Pond |last= Capper |first= Ian |date= 29 May 2009 |publisher= Geograph |access-date= 9 October 2021 |archive-date= 9 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190909013059/https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1326750 |url-status= live }}</ref>]]
William de Warenne, the fifth Earl of Surrey, is thought to have founded the Augustinian priory at Reigate before 1240.<ref name=NHLE_Priory>{{NHLE|num=1188089|desc=Reigate Priory|grade=I|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> Early documents refer to the priory as a hospital, but in 1334 it is described as a [[convent]] and thereafter as a purely religious institution.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp68-69>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=68–69}}</ref> The priory was built to the south of the modern town centre and a series of fish ponds was constructed in the grounds.<ref name=Ward_1998_pp11-12>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=11–12}}</ref> Although the exact layout is uncertain, the buildings are thought to have been arranged around a central square cloister, with the church on the north side and the [[refectory]] on the south.<ref name=Ward_1998_pp13-14>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=13–14}}</ref>

[[File:Reigate Priory - geograph.org.uk - 1199604.jpg|thumb|Reigate Priory, south elevation]]
In 1541, [[Henry VIII]] granted the former priory to [[William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham]], the uncle of [[Katherine Howard]].<ref name=Hooper_1979_p71>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=71}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Moore |first= Alan |date= 27 December 2006 |title= Reigate Priory and its owners |url= https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1090762.reigate-priory-and-its-owners/ |work= Redhill and Reigate Life |access-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211013211149/https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1090762.reigate-priory-and-its-owners/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The old church was converted to a private residence and the majority of the rest of the buildings were demolished.<ref name=Ward_1998_pp21-22>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=21–22}}</ref> Richard Ireland, who purchased the priory in 1766, is primarily responsible for the appearance of the buildings today.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp73-74>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=73–74}}</ref> A fire destroyed much of the west wing and Ireland commissioned its rebuilding.<ref>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|p=44}}</ref> Following Ireland's death in 1780, the priory passed through a succession of owners, including [[Lady Henry Somerset]], who remodelled the grounds between 1883 and 1895, creating a sunken garden.<ref>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=63–65}}</ref> Following her death in 1921, the estate was divided for sale and much of the land was purchased for housebuilding.<ref name="Ward 1998 86–87">{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=86–87}}</ref>

The final private owner of the house was the racehorse trainer, [[Peter Beatty]], who sold it to the Mutual Property Life and General Insurance Company, which relocated from London for the second half of the Second World War. In 1948, the borough council bought the grounds, having secured them as Public Open Space three years earlier.<ref name=SM_May1948>{{cite news |date= 7 May 1948 |title= Ministerial sanction for £19,120 loan for Priory purchase and £7,000 grant |work= Surrey Mirror |page= 7 |issue= 3665 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=106–107}}</ref> Also in 1948, the Reigate Priory County Secondary School opened in the main priory building, with 140 children aged 13 and 14. In 1963 the boys moved to Woodhatch School and the Priory School continued as an all-girls secondary school. In 1971, the secondary school closed and Holmesdale Middle School, which had been founded in 1852, moved to the priory.<ref name=Ward_1998_114-115>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=114–115}}</ref>

===Transport and communications===
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In medieval times, the main road north from Reigate followed Nutley Lane, climbing Colley Hill in the direction of [[Kingston upon Thames]], from where produce and manufactured items could be transported via the [[River Thames]].<ref name=Greenwood_2008_p7>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=7}}</ref>{{refn|During the middle ages, goods were generally transported using [[packhorse]]s, rather than wheeled [[cart]]s.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_p7/>|group=note}}{{refn|In the medieval and early modern periods, Kingston upon Thames acted as a "port" for much of east Surrey, from where goods could be distributed via the Thames to London and elsewhere.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_p52>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=52}}</ref>|group=note}} Although the direct route to London via Merstham had a less severe gradient, it appears to have been little used for the transport of goods.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_p7/> The manor of Reigate was responsible for maintaining the roads in the local area, but repairs were carried out infrequently<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp82-83>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=82–83}}</ref> and improvements were often only funded by private donations.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp23-24>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=23–24}}</ref>{{refn|In 1466, Richard Jay of Crawley left money in his will to fund repairs to "the weies [ways] of the new causey [causeway] between Crawlei and Reygate".<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp23-24/>|group=note}} In 1555, the responsibility for local infrastructure was transferred to the parish, and separate [[surveying|surveyors]] were employed for the Borough and for Reigate Foreign. The inefficiency created by this division resulted in frequent complaints and court cases relating to the poor state of the roads<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp82-83/> and so, in 1691, local [[justices of the peace]] were given the role of appointing the surveyors.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=23}}</ref>

The first [[turnpike trust]] in Surrey was authorised by Parliament in 1697 to improve the road south from Woodhatch towards Crawley. The new road took the form of a [[bridleway]], laid alongside the existing causeway between the River Mole crossing at [[Sidlow]] and Horse Hill, and was unsuitable for wheeled vehicles.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=85}}</ref> Repairs were also carried out on the route between Reigate and Woodhatch under the same Act.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=26}}</ref> A second turnpike was authorised in 1755, to improve the route from [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] to Povey Cross, near [[Horley]], which involved creating a new road north from Reigate over Reigate Hill. A cutting was excavated at the top of the hill, using a battering ram to break up the underlying chalk.
The new route was completed the following year<ref name=Hopper_1979_pp86-87>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=86–87}}</ref> and the old road via Nutley Lane was blocked at Colley Hill.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=32}}</ref>{{refn|On opening, the turnpike over Reigate Hill was so steep that coach passengers had alight and to ascend on foot. In the early 19th century, the base of the cutting was lowered to reduce the gradient<ref name=Greenwood_2008_p29>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=29}}</ref> and bends in the road were straightened in 1825.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=33}}</ref>|group=note}} In 1808, a second turnpike to the north was opened to Purley via Merstham. The new trust was required to pay £200 per year to the owners of the Reigate Hill road, in compensation for lost tolls.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=90}}</ref>

[[File:Reigate Tunnel (June 2022).jpg|thumb|[[Reigate Tunnel]] decorated for the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] in June 2022]]
Two improvements were made to the road network in the town centre in the early 19th century. Firstly, in 1815, the Wray Stream, was [[culvert]]ed to improve the drainage and road surface of Bell Street. Secondly, [[Reigate Tunnel]], the first road tunnel in England, was constructed at the expense of [[John Cocks, 1st Earl Somers]], the lord of the manor. Opened in 1823, it runs beneath the castle and links Bell Street to London Road. It enabled road traffic to bypass the tight curves at the west end of the town centre, but is now only used by pedestrians.<ref>{{harvnb|Ward|1998|pp=51–52}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1241366|desc=The Tunnel|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The Borough Council became responsible for local roads on its formation in 1865. The final tolls were removed from the turnpikes in 1881.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=91}}</ref>

The first station to serve Reigate area, on Hooley Lane near [[Earlswood]], opened in 1841. The following year, the South Eastern Railway opened the {{rws|Redhill||railway station at Redhill}}, which was initially named Reigate Junction.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=177}}</ref> The [[North Downs Line|railway line]] through Reigate was constructed by the Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway and opened in 1849. It was designed to provide an alternative route between the west of England and the Channel ports, and serving intermediate towns was a secondary concern.<ref>{{harvnb|Jackson|1988|p=7}}</ref>{{refn|Reigate railway station was known as Reigate Town until 1898.<ref>{{harvnb|Mitchell|Smith|1989|loc= Fig. 97}}</ref>|group=note}} [[Railway electrification in Great Britain|Electrification]] of the section of line from Reigate to Redhill was completed on 1 January 1933.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Southern Railway Developments |date= 19 January 1931 |page= 9 |issue= 45724 }}</ref>

In February 1976, Reigate was joined to the UK motorway system when the [[M25 motorway|M25]] was opened between Reigate Hill and [[Godstone]].<ref>{{harvnb|Asher|2018|p=115}}</ref> The section to [[Wisley]] via [[Leatherhead]] was opened in October 1985.<ref>{{cite news |last= Petty |first= John |date= 5 October 1985 |title= Cracked M25 link to open |issue= 40526 |page=36 |location= London |work= Daily Telegraph }}</ref>

===Economy and commerce===
From much of its early history, Reigate was primarily an [[Agriculture in the United Kingdom|agricultural]] settlement. At the time of the Norman conquest, the common fields covered some {{convert|3500|acre|ha|abbr=on}} and in 1623 the total area of arable land was around {{convert|4500|acre|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=40}}</ref> From the early 17th century, the manor began to specialise in the production of [[oatmeal]] for the [[Royal Navy]], possibly due to the influence of Admiral Charles Howard, who lived at the priory.<ref name="Greenwood 2008 52–53">{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=52–53}}</ref>{{refn|16th and 17th century documents indicate that [[hops]] were grown in the local area by smallholders and that [[flax]] was important as a secondary crop. There is no surviving record of [[rye]] being cultivated in Reigate.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=10–11}}</ref>|group=note}} By 1710, 11.5% of the population was employed in cereal processing, but the trade dwindled in the mid-18th century and had ceased by 1786.<ref name="Greenwood 2008 52–53"/> Until the early 18th century, most goods were traded locally, but thereafter, London is thought to have become the most important market for produce.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=16}}</ref>

The market in Reigate is first recorded in 1279, when [[John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey|John de Warenne]], the 6th Earl of Surrey, claimed the right to hold a weekly market on Saturdays and five annual [[fair]]s. [[John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey|His son John]], the 7th Earl, was granted permission to move the event to Tuesdays in 1313.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=25–26}}</ref> The original market place was to the west of the castle, in the triangle of land now bordered by West Street, Upper West Street and Slipshoe Street (where the former route to Kingston diverged from the road to Guildford). It moved to the widest part of the High Street, close to the junction with Bell Street, in the 18th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=77}}</ref> Cattle ceased to be sold in the late 19th century and the market closed in 1895, in part as a result of the opening of a fortnightly market in Redhill in 1870.<ref name=Hopper_1979_p96>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=96}}</ref>

Reigate has two surviving [[windmill]]s: a post mill on [[Reigate Heath Windmill|Reigate Heath]]<ref>{{harvnb|Farries|Mason|1966|pp=184–188}}</ref> and a tower mill on [[Wray Common Mill, Reigate|Wray Common]].<ref>{{harvnb|Farries|Mason|1966|pp=191–193}}</ref> In the early modern period, the parish had at least three other windmills<ref name=Hopper_1979_p96/> and about a dozen animal-powered mills for oatmeal. In addition, there were watermills along the southern boundary of the parish, on the [[River Mole, Surrey|Mole]] and Redhill Brook.<ref>{{harvnb|Farries|Mason|1966|pp=179–180}}</ref>

[[File:The White Hart Reigate.jpg|thumb|right|The White Hart pub as depicted in a book on the London–Brighton road from 1894.]]
Although the opening of the Reigate Hill turnpike in 1755 provided an easier route to transport produce and manufactured items to London, the new road appears initially to have had a negative impact on the local economy, as goods produced elsewhere became cheaper than those made in the town itself.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp65-66>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=65–66}}</ref> As a result, there was little growth in the population between the 1720s and 1821.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|p=57}}</ref> In the late 18th century, the prosperity of the town began to recover as it became as stopping point on the London to [[Brighton]] coaching route.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp65-66/>{{refn|Between July and October 1760, approximately 400 visitors to Brighton passed through Reigate, rising to 2000 over the same period in 1787 and between 12,000 and 15,000 in Summer 1811.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp38-39>{{harvnb|Greenwood|2008|pp=38–39}}</ref>|group=note}} In 1793, over half of the traffic on the Reigate Hill turnpike was bound for the south coast and numbers swelled as a result of troop movements during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp38-39/> The opening of the turnpike through Redhill, appears to have had little initial impact on the numbers travelling through the town, as travellers preferred to break their journeys in Reigate, rather than bypassing the town to the east.<ref name=Greenwood_2008_pp38-39/>

===Residential development===
Reigate began to expand following the arrival of the railway lines in the 1840s. At first, development was focused in the east of the parish. A new settlement, initially known as Warwick Town, was established on land owned by [[Sarah Greville, Countess of Warwick]] in the 1820s and 1830s. In 1856, the post office relocated its local branch to the growing village and the area became known as [[Redhill, Surrey|Redhill]]. Throughout the second half of the 19th century, Redhill expanded westwards towards Reigate town centre and the two towns are now contiguous.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=178–179}}</ref>

[[File:Doods Road, Reigate, Surrey.jpg|thumb|right|[[Terraced house]]s in Doods Road]]
A new residential area was established at Wray Park, to the north of Reigate town centre, in the 1850s and 1860s. St Mark's Church was built to serve the new community. Doods Road was constructed in around 1864 and Somers Road, to the west of the station, followed shortly afterwards. In 1863, the National Freehold Land Society began to develop the Glovers Field estate, to the south east of the town centre, and also led efforts to build houses at South Park, to the west of Woodhatch.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp182-183>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=182–183}}</ref>

At the end of the 19th century, the estates of several large houses were broken up, releasing further land for development.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp182-183/> Glovers and Lesborne Roads, to the south east of the centre, were developed by the National Freehold Land Company {{circa|1893}}.<ref name=Ingram_Pendrill_1982_p51>{{harvnb|Ingram|Pendrill|1982|p=51}}</ref>{{refn|Glovers Road is named after Ambrose Glover, a leaseholder of the land before it was developed.<ref name=Ingram_Pendrill_1982_p51/>|group=note}} The Great Doods estate, between the railway line and Reigate Road, was sold in 1897 and the first houses in Deerings Road appeared shortly afterwards.<ref>{{cite news |last= Lovell |first= Cara |date= 4 August 2004 |title= Rediscover the Great Doods |url= https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/515191.rediscover-the-great-doods/ |work= Redhill and Reigate Life |access-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211013211150/https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/515191.rediscover-the-great-doods/ |url-status= live }}</ref> A major development occurred in 1921, when the Reigate Priory estate (which included much of the land in the town) was sold, enabling existing leaseholders to purchase the freehold of their properties and freeing up further land for construction.<ref name="Ward 1998 86–87"/><ref>{{cite news |last= Moore |first= Alan |date= 9 March 2007 |title= A lady not partial to a drink |url= https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1249874.a-lady-not-partial-to-a-drink/ |work= Redhill and Reigate Life |access-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211013211150/https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1249874.a-lady-not-partial-to-a-drink/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Western Parade, Woodhatch - geograph.org.uk - 1598244.jpg|thumb|right|Western Parade, Woodhatch, was built in 1936.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1598244 |title= TQ2548: Western Parade, Woodhatch |last= Capper |first= Ian |date= 28 November 2009 |publisher= Geograph |access-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-date= 27 August 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190827072716/https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1598244 |url-status= live }}</ref>]]
In the early 20th century, South Park continued to expand to the south and east. The sale of Woodhatch Farm in the 1930s released the land for housebuilding. Further expansion in Woodhatch occurred in the 1950s, with the construction of [[public housing in the United Kingdom|council housing]] on the Rushetts Farm estate.<ref>{{harvnb|Powell|2000a|pp=71–72}}</ref>

===Reigate in wartime===
Although little fighting took place in Surrey during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]], the Reigate Hundred was required to provide 80 men for the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] army, but a force of only 60 was raised, including a captain and lieutenant. Troops were garrisoned in the town and by the summer of 1648, serious discontent was rising in the local area as a result.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp_144-146>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=144–146}}</ref> The [[Cavalier|Royalist]], [[Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland]], raised a fighting force and marched from Kingston to Reigate where his men plundered local property and briefly occupied the half-ruined castle. Parliamentary troops under Major Lewis Audley were sent to confront Rich, but he withdrew first to Dorking and then the following day back to Kingston. The withdrawal of the Royalists from Reigate was the final incident in the Civil War south of the [[River Thames]] before the [[execution of Charles I]] in 1649.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp_144-146/><ref>{{cite journal |last= Butt |first= C.R. |year= 1959 |title= Surrey and the Civil War |journal= Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |volume= 37 |issue= 149 |pages= 13–20 |jstor= 44226916}}</ref>

In September 1914, Reigate became a garrison town. Members of the [[London Regiment (1908–1938)|London's Own Territorials]] were billeted locally whilst undergoing training in the area<ref>{{harvnb|Ingram|1992|p=46}}</ref> and Reigate Lodge was used as an [[Royal Army Service Corps|Army Service Corps]] [[supply depot]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ingram|1992|p=49}}</ref> Reigate railway station was closed between January 1917 and February 1919 as a wartime economy measure.<ref>{{harvnb|Mitchell|Smith|1989|loc=Fig. 99}}</ref>

By the end of the First World War, there were three temporary hospitals for members of the armed forces in Reigate. The Hillfield Red Cross Hospital opened on 2 November 1914 and was equipped with an operating theatre and 50 beds. As well as treating injured soldiers transported home from overseas, the facility also treated troops garrisoned locally.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/hillfield.html |title= Hillfield Red Cross Hospital |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= May 2011 |publisher= Lost Hospitals of London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 16 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210616023356/https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/hillfield.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The Kitto Relief Hospital in South Park opened on 9 November 1914, initially as an annex to the Hillfield Hospital, but from 28 September 1915 it was affiliated to the [[Horton Hospital]] in Epsom.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/crofthome.html |title= The Croft Home |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= November 2009 |publisher= Lost Hospitals of London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 16 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210616013252/https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/crofthome.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The Beeches Auxiliary Military Hospital, on Beech Road, was opened in March 1916 with 20 beds, but expanded to 40 beds that October. The hospital relocated to a larger facility in the same road in July 1917 and became affiliated with the Lewisham Military Hospital two months later.<ref>{{harvnb|Ingram|1992|pp=56–57}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/beechesreigate.html |title= The Beeches Auxiliary Military Hospital |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= May 2011 |publisher= Lost Hospitals of London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 16 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210616011200/https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/beechesreigate.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Wartime Entrance - Tunnel Road Sand Caves and Mines, Reigate.jpg|right|thumb|Bricked-up entrance to a [[WW2]] air raid shelter, Tunnel Road]]
Some 5000 [[evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|evacuees]] from London were sent to the Reigate and Redhill area at the start of the Second World War in September 1939,<ref name=Slaughter_2004_pp98-99>{{harvnb|Slaughter|2004|pp=98–99}}</ref> but by February of the following year around 2000 had returned home.<ref>{{harvnb|Ogley|1995|p=25}}</ref> The caves beneath Reigate Castle were converted for use as public [[air raid shelter]]s<ref name=Slaughter_2004_pp98-99/> and the first bombing raid on the town took place on 15 August 1940.<ref>{{harvnb|Pilkington|1997|p=196}}</ref> There was a succession of raids in November 1940, including on the 7th when Colley Hill and Reigate Hill were attacked.<ref>{{harvnb|Ogley|1995|p=89}}</ref> Towards the end of the war, in 1944, the Tea House café on top of Reigate Hill was destroyed by a [[V-1 flying bomb]].<ref>{{harvnb|Harding|1998|p=26}}</ref>

For much of the war, Reigate was the headquarters of the South Eastern Command of the [[British Army]].<ref name=Powell_2000_p71>{{harvnb|Powell|2000a|p=71}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ogley|1995|p=171}}</ref> The command was partly housed in purpose-built tunnels beneath Reigate Hill, excavated in 1939 by Welsh miners. The complex consisted of four large underground halls, linked by a network of passageways dug through the chalk. The entrances to the tunnels were destroyed in 1968, after several people had been injured in unauthorised attempts to access the site.<ref>{{cite news |title= Blast will shut tunnels |date= 23 February 1968 |work= Surrey Mirror and County Post |issue= 4770 |page= 1 }}</ref>

During the Second World War, the defence of the town was primarily the responsibility of the 8th Surrey Battalion of the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]],<ref>{{harvnb|Crook|2000|p=25}}</ref> although the East Surrey Water Company and the London Passenger Transport Board formed separate units to defend local infrastructure.<ref>{{harvnb|Crook|2000|pp=69, 71}}</ref> Tank traps in the castle grounds were among the defences installed in the town.<ref name=Powell_2000_p71/> Before being deployed to the [[Western Front (World War II)|Western Front]], the 1st Battalion of [[the Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment]] (part of the [[Canadian Army]], was encamped locally.<ref>{{harvnb|Ogley|1995|p=144}}</ref>{{refn|Canadian servicemen were injured in September 1940, when two bombs fell at the junction of Evesham Road and West Street.<ref>{{harvnb|Harding|1998|p=100}}</ref>|group=note}} On 19 March 1945 a [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B17G]], returning from a [[strategic bombing|bombing raid]] in Germany, crashed into Reigate Hill in low-visibility conditions. Two memorial benches, carved in the shape of [[wing tip]]s, were installed as a memorial at the crash site 70 years later.<ref>{{cite news |author= <!--not stated--> |date= 19 March 2015 |title= Reigate Hill WW2 plane crash memorial unveiled |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-31953498 |work= BBC News |location= London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 26 August 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210826175420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-31953498 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==National and local government==
The town is in the parliamentary constituency of Reigate and has been represented [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|at Westminster]] since July 2024 by [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Rebecca Paul (British politician)|Rebecca Paul]]. A previous MP, [[George Gardiner (politician)|George Gardiner]], was elected MP in 1974, but defected from the Conservatives to the [[Referendum Party]] two months before the [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997 general election]].<ref>{{cite newspaper The Times |title= Sir George Gardiner |date= 18 November 2002 |issue= 67611 |page= 28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB |last= Garnett |first= Mark |date= 6 January 2011 |title= Gardiner, Sir George Arthur (1935–2002), journalist and politician |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/77387 }}</ref> [[Geoffrey Howe]], later briefly [[Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Deputy Prime Minister]] under [[Margaret Thatcher]], represented Reigate from 1970 to 1974.<ref>{{cite ODNB |last= Riddle |first= Peter |date= 10 January 2019 |title= Howe, (Richard Edward) Geoffrey, Baron Howe of Aberavon (1926–2015), politician |doi= 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110802 }}</ref> 

[[File:Woodhatch_Place,_Reigate.jpg|thumb|right|[[Woodhatch Place, Reigate|Woodhatch Place]]]]
In January 2021, the Surrey County Council moved its headquarters from Kingston upon Thames to Woodhatch Place at 11 Cockshott Hill, in the Woodhatch area of Reigate.<ref>{{cite news |last= Armstrong |first= Julie |date= 15 October 2020 |title= Surrey County Council set to be based in Surrey for first time in 55 years |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/surrey-county-council-set-based-19102357 |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 23 September 2021 |archive-date= 3 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210303204444/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/surrey-county-council-set-based-19102357 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Armstrong |first= Julie |date= 24 December 2020 |title= After 127 years, County Council finally moves back into Surrey |url= https://www.guildford-dragon.com/2020/12/24/after-127-years-county-council-finally-moves-back-into-surrey/ |work= Guildford Dragon |access-date= 23 September 2021 |archive-date= 14 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210514180822/https://www.guildford-dragon.com/2020/12/24/after-127-years-county-council-finally-moves-back-into-surrey/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Two councillors, elected every four years, represent the town:<ref>{{cite web |access-date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Surrey County Council |title= List of County Councillors |date= 22 June 2023 |url= https://mycouncil.surreycc.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!
Ward
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2021<ref>{{cite web |access-date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Surrey County Council |title= Victor Lewanski |date= 22 June 2023 |url= https://mycouncil.surreycc.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=3446 }}</ref>
|Victor Lewanski || Reigate
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Green Party (UK)}}" |
|2021<ref>{{cite web |access-date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Surrey County Council |title= Catherine Baart |date= 22 June 2023 |url= https://mycouncil.surreycc.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0https://mycouncil.surreycc.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=3460 }}</ref>
|Catherine Baart || Earlswood and Reigate South 
|-
|}

[[File:Reigate_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630757.jpg|thumb|right|[[Reigate Town Hall]]]]
Six councillors sit on Reigate and Banstead borough council, which operates a council-elected-in-thirds system, allowing electors to vote for one candidate in three out of every four years:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate.uk/boundary-review-reigate-banstead-2018-archive-jan-18/ |date= 8 January 2018 |title= Boundary review: council wants fewer councillors, larger wards |publisher= reigate.uk |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!
Ward
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2014<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=125 |title= Michael Blacker |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|Michael Blacker || Reigate
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2018<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=230 |title= Victor Lewanski |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|Victor Lewanski || Reigate 
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2023<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=2303 |title= Kate Fairhurst |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|Kate Fairhurst || Reigate 
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2016<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=141 |title= James King |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|James King || South Park and Woodhatch
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Green Party (UK)}}" |
|2021<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=1801 |title= Paul Chandler |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|Paul Chandler  || South Park and Woodhatch
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Green Party (UK)}}" |
|2022<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reigate-banstead.moderngov.co.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=2239 |title= Andrew Proudfoot |date= 22 June 2023 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>
|Andrew Proudfoot || South Park and Woodhatch
|-
|}

The borough is [[sister city|twinned]] with [[Brunoy]] ([[Île-de-France]], France) and [[Eschweiler]] ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/info/20091/organisation_and_services/371/town_twinning |title= Town Twinning |last= Drapans |first= Will |date= 17 April 2015 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 7 August 2021 |archive-date= 7 August 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210807194620/https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/info/20091/organisation_and_services/371/town_twinning |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Demography and housing==
In the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 Census]], the population of the Reigate built-up area, including Woodhatch, was 22,123.<ref name=NOMIS/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2011 Census Households<ref name=NOMIS/>
! !!Population !!Households !!% Owned outright !!% Owned with a loan!!hectares
|-
|Reigate and Woodhatch    ||  22,123  ||  9,036  ||  34.5  ||  38.5  ||  316
|-
|Regional average  ||    ||    ||  35.1  ||  32.5 ||
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2011 Census Homes<ref name=NOMIS/>
! !!Detached  !!Semi-detached!!Terraced!!Flats and apartments!!Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats!!Shared between households
|-
|Reigate and Woodhatch  || 2,487  ||  2,853  ||  1,378  ||  2607  ||  6  ||	 9
|-
|}
Across the [[South East England|South East Region]], 28% of homes were detached houses and 22.6% were apartments.<ref name=NOMIS/>

==Public services==
===Utilities===
Reigate Water Works Company was established in 1858.<ref name=Crocker_p75>{{harvnb|Crocker|1999|p=75}}</ref> It opened a plant on Littleton Lane the following year, to supply drinking water to the town from the Wallace Brook.<ref name=Hooper_1979_p176>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=176}}</ref> It was purchased by the East Surrey Water Company in 1896,<ref name=Crocker_p75/> which closed the Reigate works after extending its mains network to the town from [[Caterham]].<ref name=Hooper_1979_p176/>{{refn|The Colley Hill Water Tower was built in 1911 by the Sutton District Water Company, following its acquisition of the Kingswood and District Water Company.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1143528 |title= Colley Hill Water Tower |last= Capper |first= Ian |date= 1 February 2009 |publisher= Geograph |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 17 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190917050441/https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1143528 |url-status= live }}</ref>|group=note}} The first [[sewerage]] system in Reigate was installed in 1876 and included a main outfall sewer running under Bell Street via Woodhatch to the [[sewage treatment|treatment works]] at Earlswood Common.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp181-182>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=181–182}}</ref>

Reigate Gas Company was formed in 1838 and opened a gasworks on London Road a year later.<ref name=Hooper_1979_p176/><ref name=Tarplee_Gas_Electricity>{{cite journal |last1= Tarplee |first1= Peter |year= 2007 |title= Some public utilities in Surrey: Electricity and gas |url= https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/Surrey%20History%207-5.pdf |journal= Surrey History |volume=7 |issue= 5 |pages= 262–272 |access-date= 10 January 2021 |archive-date= 5 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210205224313/https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/Surrey%20History%207-5.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> Initially it was contracted to supply gas for 28 street lights in the town centre, but by 1860, increasing domestic demand necessitated the opening of a larger facility at the north end of Nutley Lane. In 1921, the Reigate company was taken over by the Redhill Gas Company, which had been formed in 1865.<ref name=Hooper_1979_p176/>

[[File:Former Reigate Corporation Electricity Works.jpg|thumb|right|The former Reigate Corporation electricity works, Wray Common Road]]
An electricity generating station was authorised by the Reigate Electric Lighting Order 1897 and constructed in a former sand quarry next to the railway line off Wray Common Road.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6811289 |title= TQ2650: Former Reigate Corporation Electricity Works |last= Capper |first= Ian |date= 12 April 2021 |publisher= UK Geograph |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 13 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210913160353/https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6811289 |url-status= live }}</ref> On opening it had an [[nameplate capacity|installed capacity]] of 230&nbsp;kW, but by the time of its closure in 1936, the maximum power output had risen to 2.7&nbsp;MW.<ref name=Tarplee_Gas_Electricity/> Under the [[Electricity (Supply) Act 1926]], Reigate was connected to the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]], initially to a 33&nbsp;kV [[electric power transmission|supply ring]], which linked the town to [[Croydon]], Dorking, [[Epsom]] and Leatherhead. In 1939, the ring was connected to the [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]]-[[Woking]] main via a 132&nbsp;kV [[electrical substation|substation]] at Leatherhead.<ref name=Crocker_1999_p118>{{harvnb|Crocker|1999|p=118}}</ref><ref name=Tarplee_Gas_Electricity/>

===Emergency services===
[[File:Reigate fire station - geograph.org.uk - 472257.jpg|thumb|right|Reigate Fire Station]]
The Borough police force was founded in 1864 and initially consisted of a superintendent, a sergeant and eight constables.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp181-182/> The original police station was in West Street, but was moved to the High Street in around 1866 and to the Municipal Buildings around the turn of the century. A new police station was opened in Reigate Road in 1972, coinciding with the merger of the Borough force with the [[Surrey Police|Surrey Constabulary]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.redhill-reigate-history.co.uk/police.htm |title= The Borough of Reigate Police Force |last= Moore |first= Alan |publisher= Redhill & Reigate History |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 4 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130904172249/http://www.redhill-reigate-history.co.uk/police.htm |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 1809, two fire engines were presented to the vestry, which was charged with appointing a group of six men to operate it when needed. The brigade was expanded to 12 members in 1854.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=174}}</ref> A new fire station, with a four-storey tower and a [[pagoda]] style roof, opened next to the new town hall in Castlefield Road in 1901.<ref name=new_town_hall>{{NHLE|desc=Town Hall|num=1260489|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Moore|Chinery|2003|p=44}}</ref> The brigade moved to Croydon Road in 1955.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firestations.org.uk/Station_Details.php?stn=Reigate%20old%20fire%20station%201&lat=51.239032&lon=-0.205007|title=Reigate Old Fire Station|publisher=Fire Stations|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412190341/http://www.firestations.org.uk/Station_Details.php?stn=Reigate+old+fire+station+1&lat=51.239032&lon=-0.205007|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, the [[fire authority]] for Reigate is Surrey County Council and the [[fire services in the United Kingdom|statutory fire service]] is [[Surrey Fire and Rescue Service]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/people-and-community/fire-and-rescue/about/fire-stations#reigate |title= Our Fire Station |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 7 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210407142930/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/people-and-community/fire-and-rescue/about/fire-stations#reigate |url-status= live }}</ref> The Ambulance Community Response Post, located at the fire station, is run by the [[South East Coast Ambulance Service]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.secamb.nhs.uk/our-locations/ |title= Our Locations |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= South East Coast Ambulance Service |access-date= 9 January 2021 |archive-date= 10 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201110224056/https://www.secamb.nhs.uk/our-locations/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Healthcare===
The nearest [[Emergency department|accident & emergency department]] is at [[East Surrey Hospital]] ({{convert|3.7|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on|order=flip}}).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-services/Hospital/Reigate/Results/3/-0.205/51.238/7/17667?distance=25 |title= Results for Hospitals in Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= National Health Service |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211127/https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-services/Hospital/Reigate/Results/3/-0.205/51.238/7/17667?distance=25 |url-status= live}}</ref> As of 2023, the [[General practitioner|GP]] practice is in Yorke Road.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/find-a-gp/results/Reigate?latitude=51.23768151059782&longitude=-0.205825309967696 |title= GPs near Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= National Health Service |access-date= 21 June 2023 |archive-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211131/https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/find-a-gp/results/Reigate?latitude=51.23768151059782&longitude=-0.205825309967696 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:The Observatory - geograph.org.uk - 4413633.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The Observatory, the former [[Redland plc]] headquarters, is now occupied by [[esure]].]]
At one time the airline [[Air Europe]] had its head office in Europe House in Reigate.<ref>"World Airline Directory". ''[[Flight International]]''. 26 July 1980. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1980/1980%20-%201893.html?search=%22Air%20Europe%22 274] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104055200/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1980/1980%20-%201893.html?search=%22Air%20Europe%22 |date=2012-11-04 }}. "Head Office: Europe House, Bancroft Road, Reigate, Surrey, Great Britain."</ref> [[Redland plc]], the FTSE 100 building materials company, was headquartered in Reigate before its acquisition by [[Lafarge (company)|Lafarge]], and its former headquarters are now occupied by the insurance company [[esure]].<ref>{{cite web |last= Capper |first= Ian |date= 4 April 2015 |title= The Observatory |publisher= UK Geograph |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4413633 |access-date= 8 July 2023 }}</ref>

[[Canon Inc.|Canon UK]] had its headquarters on the southern outskirts of Reigate.<ref name="canon">{{cite web | url=http://www.canon.co.uk/About_Us/ | title=Canon UK | publisher=[[Canon Inc.|Canon]] | access-date=1 January 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103082829/http://www.canon.co.uk/About_Us/ | archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref> The building, opened by [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] in 2000, has won numerous design and 'green' awards.<ref name="canon"/><ref name="aj">{{cite web | url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/richmond-in-surrey-david-richmond-partners-headquarters-building-for-canon-in-reigate-draws-inspiration-from-an-existing-regency-villa-to-create-a-contemporary-office-complex-with-classical-proport/189248.article | title=Richmond in Surrey David Richmond + Partners' headquarters building for Canon in Reigate draws inspiration from an existing Regency villa to create a contemporary office complex with classical proport | publisher=[[Architects' Journal]] | date=9 March 2000 | access-date=1 January 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193653/http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/richmond-in-surrey-david-richmond-partners-headquarters-building-for-canon-in-reigate-draws-inspiration-from-an-existing-regency-villa-to-create-a-contemporary-office-complex-with-classical-proport/189248.article | archive-date=2 January 2014 }}</ref>

The European headquarters of [[Kimberly-Clark]] are on London Road in the town, just south of Reigate railway station.<ref name="k-c">{{cite web | url=http://www.kimberly-clarkgraduates.com/locations.html | title=Locations | publisher=[[Kimberly Clark]] | access-date=1 January 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101190235/http://www.kimberly-clarkgraduates.com/locations.html | archive-date=1 January 2014 }}</ref> Further along London Road towards the town centre can be found the former European headquarters of [[Willis Towers Watson]], prior to the merger with Willis, when the global and British headquarters relocated to Lime Street in London.<ref name="watson">{{cite web | url=http://www.ratemyplacement.co.uk/placement-review/6463/towers-watson/benefits-practice-summer-intern | title=Benefits Practice Summer Intern | access-date=1 January 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194306/http://www.ratemyplacement.co.uk/placement-review/6463/towers-watson/benefits-practice-summer-intern | archive-date=2 January 2014 }}</ref>

Pilgrim Brewery was founded in 1982<ref>{{cite news |last= Arnot |first= Chris |date= 30 October 1994 |title= Small brewers droop in the face of pub monopoly |work= The Observer |page= 8 |issue= 10594 }}</ref> and moved to West Street in 1984. It was the first new brewery to be established in Surrey for over a century.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thisissurreytoday.co.uk/Reigate-s-Pilgrim-Brewery-comes-age-30-year/story-20042859-detail/story.html#axzz2nMSJHUwc | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131213133304/http://www.thisissurreytoday.co.uk/Reigate-s-Pilgrim-Brewery-comes-age-30-year/story-20042859-detail/story.html#axzz2nMSJHUwc | url-status=dead| title=Reigate's Pilgrim Brewery comes of age after 30-year battle for survival | publisher=thisissurrey.co.uk | date=November 11, 2013 | access-date=13 December 2013 | author=Seymour, Jenny | archive-date=2013-12-13 }}</ref>

==Transport==
===Public transport===
[[File:Reigate_station_2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Reigate railway station]]]]
[[Reigate railway station]] is a short distance to the north of the town centre and is managed by [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]]. The operator runs services to {{rws|London Victoria}} via Redhill and {{rws|East Croydon}}. Trains to {{rws|Reading}} via {{rws|Guildford}} and to {{rws|Gatwick Airport}} via Redhill are run by [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]].<ref name=Southern_Railway_Station>{{cite web |url= https://www.southernrailway.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/station-information/stations/reigate |title= Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Southern Railway |access-date= 22 September 2021 |archive-date= 22 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210622184411/https://www.southernrailway.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/station-information/stations/reigate |url-status= live }}</ref>

Reigate is linked by bus to Redhill and the surrounding towns and villages in east Surrey. Operators serving the town include Compass Bus, [[London General]], [[Metrobus (South East England)|Metrobus]] and Southdown. Routes 420 and 460 link the town to the East Surrey Hospital and the latter also runs to Gatwick Airport.<ref name=SCC_Bus>{{cite web |url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/roads-and-transport/buses-and-other-transport/bus-timetables/redhill-horley-and-east-surrey |title= East Surrey, Horley and Redhill bus timetables |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 15 September 2020 |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 23 September 2021 |archive-date= 20 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092140/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/roads-and-transport/buses-and-other-transport/bus-timetables/redhill-horley-and-east-surrey |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/10743/Reigate-Map_web.pdf |title= Reigate, Redhill and Merstham buses |access-date=2018-03-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322142804/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/10743/Reigate-Map_web.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-22 }}</ref>

===Cycle routes and long-distance footpaths===
The Surrey Cycleway passes through Woodhatch.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/132001/Surrey-Cycleway-Map-updated-July-2019.pdf |title= The Surrey Cycleway |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 7 July 2019 |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 3 September 2020 |archive-date= 2 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210102102017/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/132001/Surrey-Cycleway-Map-updated-July-2019.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

The [[Greensand Way]], a {{convert|174|km|mi|adj=on|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[long-distance trail|long-distance footpath]] from [[Haslemere]], Surrey to [[Hamstreet]], [[Kent]], passes through Reigate Park to the south of the town centre.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/countryside/walking/long-walks/the-greensand-way-long-distance-route |title= The Greensand Way long distance route |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 17 December 2020 |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 31 December 2020 |archive-date= 2 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210102102023/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/countryside/walking/long-walks/the-greensand-way-long-distance-route |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/29470/GSW-Map-Eight.pdf |title= The Greensand Way |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 12 May 2016 |publisher= Surrey County Council |access-date= 31 December 2020 |archive-date= 2 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210102102055/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/29470/GSW-Map-Eight.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[North Downs Way]], between [[Farnham]] and [[Dover]], runs from west to east across Colley Hill and Reigate Hill.<ref name=Curtis_Walker_2007_pp55-57>{{harvnb|Curtis|Walker|2007|pp=55–57}}</ref>

==Education==
===Maintained schools===
There are several [[primary school]]s in Reigate. Dovers Green School and Wray Common Primary School are members of the Greensand Multi-Academy Trust.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/dovers-green/ |title= Dovers Green School |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Greensand Multi-Academy Trust |access-date= 29 September 2021 |archive-date= 18 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210118092744/https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/dovers-green/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/wray-common-primary-school/ |title= Wray Common Primary School |author= <!--Not stated--> |date=  |publisher= Greensand Multi-Academy Trust |access-date= 29 September 2021 |archive-date= 18 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210118105849/https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/wray-common-primary-school/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Sandcross Primary School is part of the Everychild Trust.<ref>{{cite news |last= Seymour |first= Jenny |date= 11 December 2017 |title= All you need to know about the forest school opening in Redhill's old law courts next September |work= Surrey Live |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/you-need-know-forest-school-13981873 |access-date= 5 July 2023 }}</ref>

Reigate Parish Church Primary School was founded as the Reigate [[National school (England and Wales)|National School]]. Originally in West Street, it moved to London Road in 1854 and then to Blackborough Road in 1995.<ref>{{harvnb|Goss|1995|p=85}}</ref>

Reigate Priory Junior School traces its origins to a non-denominational school, founded in 1852 in the High Street. It moved to Holmesdale Road in the 1860s and in 1993 moved to the priory, taking over the classrooms previously used by Reigate Priory Middle School.<ref name=Ward_1998_114-115/> The school educates children between the ages of 7 and 11 and is due to move to new premises on Cockshott Hill in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/deteriorating-reigate-priory-could-wedding-19481499 |title= Deteriorating Reigate Priory 'could be wedding venue, library, museum or posh restaurant' |last= Seymour |first= Jenny |date= 20 December 2020 |publisher= Surrey Live |access-date= 11 October 2021 |archive-date= 26 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126195009/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/deteriorating-reigate-priory-could-wedding-19481499 |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Reigate School, Surrey, main entrance.jpg|thumb|right|[[Reigate School]], main entrance]]
[[Reigate School]] is a coeducational secondary school in Woodhatch. It educates children aged 11 to 16. It is part of the Greensand Multi-Academy Trust.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/reigate-school/ |title= Reigate School |author= <!--Not stated--> |date=  |publisher= Greensand Multi-Academy Trust |access-date= 29 September 2021 |archive-date= 26 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126144330/https://www.greensandacademytrust.co.uk/reigate-school/ |url-status= live }}</ref> It opened as the Woodhatch County Secondary School in September 1958.<ref>{{cite news |date= 20 June 1958 |title= Woodhatch School opening in September |work= Surrey Mirror |issue= 4273 |page= 5 }}</ref>

[[The Royal Alexandra and Albert School]] traces its origins to an [[orphanage]] for children of Dissenters, founded in [[Hoxton]], London in 1759. The orphanage expanded rapidly and by 1769 had 28 boys and 25 girls between the ages of 6 and 9 in its care. It relocated several times during the following two centuries and, in 1943 it was renamed the Royal Alexandra School and was based on a {{convert|180|acre|ha|abbr=on|adj=on}} site at Duxhurst, near [[Salfords]].<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|2005|p=3}}</ref> A separate institution, the Royal Albert Orphan Asylum was founded near [[Bagshot]] in 1864 and admitted its first 100 children in December of that year.<ref name=RAA_Timeline>{{cite web|url= http://www.raa-school.co.uk/timeline.asp |title= School Timeline |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Royal Alexandra & Albert School |access-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102706/http://www.raa-school.co.uk/timeline.asp |url-status= live}}</ref> It was renamed the Royal Albert School in 1942.<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|2005|p=35}}</ref> The management of the Royal Alexandra and the Royal Albert Schools was merged in 1948 and the new organisation purchased the [[Gatton Park|Gatton Park estate]]. The following year, an Act of Parliament was passed to formally amalgamate the two institutions. Boarding accommodation was constructed at Gatton Park in 1950 and pupils were relocated from the Bagshot and Duxhurst sites in stages between 1948 and 1954.<ref name=RAA_Timeline/> Today, the Royal Alexandra and Albert School is a coeducational maintained boarding school,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raa-school.co.uk/school_overview.asp |title= School Overview |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Royal Alexandra & Albert School |access-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102700/http://www.raa-school.co.uk/school_overview.asp |url-status= live }}</ref> educating 1125 children between the ages of 7 and 18.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/28/125279 |title= Royal Alexandra and Albert School |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 8 October 2020 |publisher= Ofsted |access-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102658/https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/28/125279 |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Reigate College - geograph.org.uk - 1305570.jpg|thumb|right|[[Reigate College]]]]
[[Reigate College]] is a coeducational [[sixth form college]] for students aged 16 to 19.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigate.ac.uk |title= Why choose Reigate College? |publisher= Reigate College |year= 2019 |access-date= 30 September 2021 |archive-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102700/https://www.reigate.ac.uk/ |url-status= live }}</ref> It opened in 1976 on Castlefield Road, to the east of the town centre.<ref>{{harvnb| Reigate_College_Prospectus|1985|p=5}}</ref> The main building, constructed in 1927, was previously occupied by the Reigate County School for Girls and was designed by the architecture firm Jarvis and Porter.<ref>{{harvnb|Goss|1995|p=81}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1305570 |title= Reigate College |last= Capper |first= Ian |publisher= UK Geograph |date= 16 May 2009 |access-date= 30 September 2021 |archive-date= 2 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102658/https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1305570 |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Independent schools===
Micklefield School was founded in 1910 and takes its name from its original location, Micklefield House in Evesham Road. It moved to its current site in Somers Road, to the north of the town centre, in 1925.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.micklefieldschool.co.uk/our-school/history/ |title= History |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Micklefield School |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 6 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210306015713/https://www.micklefieldschool.co.uk/our-school/history/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2021, Micklefield is a coeducational, independent day school for children aged 2 to 11.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.micklefieldschool.co.uk |title= Welcom |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Micklefield School |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 16 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210416185426/https://www.micklefieldschool.co.uk/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[Reigate St Mary's School]] was founded in 1950 as the choir school for St Mary's Church. Initially for boys only, it became coeducational in 2003, when it was made the principal feeder school for [[Reigate Grammar School]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigatestmarys.org/about-the-school/history-tradition/ |title= History & Tradition |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 24 September 2021 |publisher= Reigate St Mary's |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211010121423/https://www.reigatestmarys.org/about-the-school/history-tradition/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2021, Reigate St Mary's is a coeducational day school for children aged 2 to 11.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigatestmarys.org/ |title= Welcome to Reigate St Mary's |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 17 September 2021 |publisher= Reigate St Mary's |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211010121423/https://www.reigatestmarys.org/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Reigate Grammar School.jpg|thumb|right|[[Reigate Grammar School]]]]
Reigate Grammar School traces its origins to 1675, when Henry Smith, an [[Court of Aldermen|Alderman]] of the [[City of London]], left a bequest of £150 for the purchase of land for a "free school". The first master, Revd John Williamson, was the vicar of Reigate and for the first two centuries, several headmasters were also parish priests. The school became a [[grammar school]] in 1861 and around this time many of the original buildings were replaced. The school was taken over by Surrey County Council under the [[Education Act 1944]], but became independent in 1976. In the same year, girls were admitted to the [[sixth form]] and the school became fully coeducational in 1993. It merged with Reigate St Mary's Prep School and [[Chinthurst School]] in 2003 and 2017 and, as of 2021, the three school together educate around 1,500 pupils aged from 3 to 18. An international division was created in 2017, to work in partnership with the Kaiyuan Education Fund, to establish up to five schools in China.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigategrammar.org/about-the-school/history-tradition/ |title= History & Tradition |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 11 March 2021 |publisher= Reigate Grammar School |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211010121423/https://www.reigategrammar.org/about-the-school/history-tradition/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Dunottar School - geograph.org.uk - 726246.jpg|thumb|Dunottar School]]
[[Dunottar School]] was founded in 1926 and is named after [[Dunnottar Castle]] in [[Aberdeenshire]], where the [[Honours of Scotland|Scottish Crown Jewels]] were kept between 1651 and 1660. In 1933, the school moved to its current site, the former High Trees house, which had been built in 1867.<ref name=Dunottar_History>{{cite web |url= https://www.dunottarschool.com/about-us/our-history-future/ |title= Our History & Future |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= April 2021 |publisher= Dunottar School |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 6 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210306025957/https://www.dunottarschool.com/about-us/our-history-future/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1260767|desc=Dunottar School (High Trees)|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 2021, Dunottar is a co-educational independent day school for children aged 11 to 18.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dunottarschool.com/admissions/faqs/ |title= FAQs |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Dunottar School |access-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-date= 28 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210128020911/https://www.dunottarschool.com/admissions/faqs/ |url-status= live }}</ref> It became part of [[United Learning]] in 2014.<ref name=Dunottar_History/>

===Other schools===
Reigate Valley College at Sidlow, just south of the town, is a former [[pupil referral unit]] that educates pupils who have had behavioural issues in mainstream schools.<ref name="smirror2">{{cite web|url= http://www.surreymirror.co.uk/South-East-Surrey-Short-Stay-School-Reigate/story-14123816-detail/story.html|title=South East Surrey Short Stay School becomes Reigate Valley College|website=surreymirror.co.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112138/http://www.surreymirror.co.uk/South-East-Surrey-Short-Stay-School-Reigate/story-14123816-detail/story.html|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> There are two schools in the town for students with [[special educational needs]]: Brooklands School on Wray Park Road<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.brooklands.surrey.sch.uk/welcome/ |title= Welcome |publisher= Brooklands School |access-date= 22 June 2023  }}</ref> and Moon Hall College at Flanchford Bridge near [[Leigh, Surrey|Leigh]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.moonhallschoolreigate.co.uk |title= Moon Hall School |publisher= Moon Hall School |access-date= 22 June 2023 }}</ref>

==Places of worship==
{{see also|List of places of worship in Reigate and Banstead}}

===Church of St Mary Magdalene===
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's Church, Chart Lane, Reigate (NHLE Code 1188125) (June 2013).JPG|thumb|right|Church of St Mary Magdalene]]
The first record of a church at Reigate is from the late 12th century, when the church of ''Crechesfeld'' was presented to the [[Southwark Cathedral|Priory of St Mary Overie]] by [[Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey|Hamelin]] and [[Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey|Isabel de Warenne]], the Earl and Countess of Surrey.<ref>{{harvnb|Malden|1911|pp=229–245}}</ref> At the time of the gift, the church is thought to have consisted of a [[nave]], [[chancel]] and possibly a central tower.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp50-51>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=50–51}}</ref> The oldest parts of today's {{Interlanguage link| Church of St Mary Magdalene, Reigate | qid=Q17547872|lt=St Mary's Church}} date from {{circa|1200}}.<ref name=NHLE_StMaryMagd>{{NHLE|num=1188125|desc=Church of St Mary Magdalene|grade=II*|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The building was extended several times in the late medieval period, including the additions of the north and south [[aisle]]s in the mid-late 13th century,<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp50-51/> the south chancel chapel in the 14th century<ref name=NHLE_StMaryMagd/> and the relocation of the tower to the west end in the first half of the 15th century.<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp50-51/> Two phases of reconstruction took place in Victorian times. In 1845, the architect, [[Henry Woodyer]], was responsible for renewing the local Reigate Stone walls and, in 1874–7, [[George Gilbert Scott Jr.]] installed new roofing and refaced the tower in [[Bath stone|Bath Stone]].<ref name=NHLE_StMaryMagd/>

The medieval [[rood screen]], separating the chancel from the nave, was restored by Woodyer, who was also responsible for much of the current [[stained glass]]. There are several 17th- and 18th-century monuments inside the church, the largest of which is a memorial to Richard Labroke (d. 1730) who is depicted in Roman dress, flanked by the figures of [[Lady Justice|Justice]] and Truth.<ref name=NHLE_StMaryMagd/>

===Reigate Mill Church===
[[File:Mill church.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Reigate Mill Church]]
Reigate Heath Windmill was built {{circa|1765}} and was last worked by wind in 1862.<ref name=BBC_Windmill>{{cite news |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 24 August 2010 |title= New tail post for restored Reigate Heath windmill |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-11068220 |work= BBC News |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 27 August 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100827073708/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-11068220 |url-status= live }}</ref> The weatherboarded upper section of the [[post mill]] holds the sails and sits above the brick roundhouse below.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1029105|desc=Reigate Heath Baptist Church, Reigate Heath Windmill|grade=II*|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The roundhouse was converted into a [[chapel of ease]] to the Church of St Mary Magdalen in 1880 and services are held in the building during the summer months. It is thought to be the only windmill to be used as a church in England.<ref name=BBC_Windmill/>

===Reigate Heath Church===
Reigate Heath Church, on Flanchford Road, was built in 1907 as a chapel of ease to St Mary Magdalen. It is constructed from [[corrugated galvanised iron]] and is typical of the [[tin tabernacle]]s, built around the same time.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/heath-church-reigate/heath-church-reigate |title= Heath Church, Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 24 May 2021 |publisher= Heritage Open Days |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 25 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210925172812/https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/heath-church-reigate/heath-church-reigate |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://boroughchurches.org.uk/church/heath-church-reigate/ |title= Heath Church, Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= Borough Churches |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 25 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210925172816/https://boroughchurches.org.uk/church/heath-church-reigate/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===St Mark's Church===
[[File:St Mark's Church - geograph.org.uk - 822223.jpg|thumb|right|St Mark's Church]]
St Mark's Church, in Alma Road, was opened in 1860 to serve a new area of housing, under construction to the north of the railway station.<ref name=St_Marks>{{cite web |url= https://www.stmarksreigate.co.uk/about-us/history/history-2061.php |title= History of St Mark's |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2014 |publisher= St Mark's Church |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 6 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170106092612/http://stmarksreigate.co.uk/about-us/history/history-2061.php |url-status= live }}</ref> It was designed by the architects firm, Field & Hilton, and is built in Reigate Stone.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/380/view_the_list_of_buildings_of_architectural_and_historic_interest |title= List of buildings of architectural and historic interest |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= May 2014 |publisher= Reigate & Banstead Borough Council |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 25 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210925172811/https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/380/view_the_list_of_buildings_of_architectural_and_historic_interest |url-status= live }}</ref> The tower and [[spire]] were added in 1863, but the spire was demolished in 1919. The church was heavily damaged during the Second World War, necessitating the demolition of the south transept. Most of the windows were destroyed by bomb blasts and a new East Window, designed by [[Francis Spear]], was installed in 1955.<ref name=St_Marks/>

===St Philip's Church===
St Philip's Church, to the north west of the town centre, was built in 1863, originally as a chapel of ease to St Mark's Church.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stphilipsreigate.com/about-st-philips.html |title= About St Philip's Church |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2016 |publisher= St Philip's Church |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 3 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200203151245/http://stphilipsreigate.com/about-st-philips.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[pulpit]] dates from 1898 and the [[reredos]] was installed in 1919.<ref>{{harvnb|Jones|1963|pp=6–7}}</ref> Following the First World War, the east end of the church was reordered to raise the floor level and the chancel was enlarged into the nave in 1957.<ref>{{harvnb|Jones|1963|pp=9–10}}</ref>

===St Luke's Church===
St Luke's Church, to the south of the town, was opened in 1871. It is constructed from Reigate Stone and is built in the Gothic style. The west end was damaged during a storm in the 1960s and the affected wall was replaced by a clear-glazed window. The church was extended to the west, with the addition of an annex, which provides accommodation for the Winter Night Shelter.<ref>{{cite book |title= A brief history of St Luke's Church, Reigate |author=<!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= St Luke's Church }}</ref>

===Reigate Methodist Church===
[[File:Reigate Methodist Church, High Street, Reigate (June 2013) (3).jpg|thumb|right|Reigate Methodist Church]]
Although [[John Wesley]] visited Reigate four times between 1770 and 1775,<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=143}}</ref> the first [[Methodism|Methodist]] chapel was not established in the town until 1858. The current church, in the High Street, was built in 1884.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigatemethodist.org.uk/new-here40210/history/ |title= History |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Reigate Methodist |access-date= 27 September 2021 |archive-date= 27 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210927173853/https://www.reigatemethodist.org.uk/new-here40210/history/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Liles |first= Lloyd |date= 24 May 1985 |title= Lasting tributes to those in the service of Christ |work= Surrey Mirror |location= Rigate |page= 22 |issue= 5668}}</ref>

===Catholic Church of the Holy Family===
The Catholic Church of the Holy Family was built in Yorke Road, on land donated by a local benefactor. It was consecrated in 1939. A mass centre was established in a wooden building in Woodhatch, but was closed in 2003 after almost 50 years of use.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://thenativityofthelord.org.uk/about-us/our-churches/holy-family |title= Holy Family |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 31 July 2021 |publisher= The Parish of the Nativity of the Lord |access-date= 27 September 2021 |archive-date= 27 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210927173854/https://thenativityofthelord.org.uk/about-us/our-churches/holy-family |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Culture==
===Art===
[[File:Statue of Margot Fonteyn, Reigate, Surrey.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[Margot Fonteyn]]]]
Reigate Priory Museum holds an early-16th century portrait of John Lymden, the final Prior of Reigate.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/john-lymden-elected-1530-surrendered-1536-the-last-prior-of-reigate-13579 |title= John Lymden (elected 1530, surrendered 1536), the Last Prior of Reigate |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212153/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/john-lymden-elected-1530-surrendered-1536-the-last-prior-of-reigate-13579 |url-status= live }}</ref> The Town Hall holds several artworks, including paintings by [[Henry Tanworth Wells]] (1828{{em dash}}1903),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/loading-at-the-quarry-holmbury-hill-13559 |title= ''Loading at the Quarry, Holmbury Hill'' Henry Tanworth Wells |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212153/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/loading-at-the-quarry-holmbury-hill-13559 |url-status= live }}</ref> George Leon Little (1862{{em dash}}1941)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/sheep-in-a-landscape-13557 |title= ''Sheep in a Landscape'' John Leon Little |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212153/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/sheep-in-a-landscape-13557 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/evening-lake-scene-13187 |title= ''Evening Lake Scene'' John Leon Little |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212153/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/evening-lake-scene-13187 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/cows-in-a-landscape-13558 |title= ''Cows in a landscape'' John Leon Little |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212154/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/cows-in-a-landscape-13558 |url-status= live }}</ref> and [[George Hooper (artist)|George Hooper]] (1910{{em dash}}1994).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/evening-lake-scene-13187 |title= ''The Garden at Loxwood, Redhill'' George Hooper |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212154/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/evening-lake-scene-13187 |url-status= live }}</ref> Landscapes depicting scenes of the Reigate area by the artists [[Alfred Walter Williams]] (1823{{em dash}}1905), James Thomas Linnell (1826{{em dash}}1905) and Albert Ernest Bottomley (1873{{em dash}}1950) are held by [[Leicester Museum & Art Gallery|Leicester Museum and Art Gallery]],<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/reigate-heath-surrey-81336/ |title= ''Reigate Heath, Surrey'' Alfred Walter Williams |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212156/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/reigate-heath-surrey-81336 |url-status= live }}</ref> the [[Brighton Museum & Art Gallery|Royal Pavilion and Museums Trust]], Brighton,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/driving-sheep-a-view-from-reigate-surrey-75204 |title= ''Driving Sheep: A view from Reigate, Surrey'' James Thomas Linnell |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212155/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/driving-sheep-a-view-from-reigate-surrey-75204 |url-status= live }}</ref> and [[Derby Museum and Art Gallery]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/prices-lane-reigate-surrey-60833 |title= ''Price's Lane, Reigate Surrey'' Albert Ernest Bottomley |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Art UK |access-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-date= 14 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211014212155/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/prices-lane-reigate-surrey-60833 |url-status= live }}</ref> Among the [[List of public art in Surrey#Reigate and Redhill|works of public art in the town]] is a statue of the ballet dancer, Margot Fonteyn, by the artist Nathan David, which was installed at the south end of London Road in 1980.<ref name=Guardian_Fonteyn>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/culture/charlottehigginsblog/2010/jun/09/margot-fonteyn-royal-opera-house |title= Marking the spot where Peggy became Margot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413120350/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/charlottehigginsblog/2010/jun/09/margot-fonteyn-royal-opera-house |archive-date= 13 April 2016 |work= The Guardian |date= 9 June 2010 |last= Thorpe |first= Vanessa }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Roberts |first= Stephen |date= 10 June 2019 |title= The life and times of Surrey ballerina Margot Fonteyn |work= Great British Life |url= https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/people/22575825.life-times-surrey-ballerina-margot-fonteyn/ |access-date= 8 July 2023 }}</ref>{{refn|The statue marks the site of the house, where Fonteyn was born in 1919.<ref name=Guardian_Fonteyn/>|group=note}}

===Literature===
Reigate is the setting for the [[Sherlock Holmes]] short story "[[The Adventure of the Reigate Squire]]" (also known as "The Adventure of the Reigate Squires" and "The Adventure of the Reigate Puzzle"). It is one of twelve stories featured in ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes]]'' by [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]].<ref>{{harvnb|Conan Doyle|1894|pp=121–144}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2014|p=87}}</ref>

==Sport==
===Association football===
[[Reigate Priory F.C.]] was founded in 1870, just seven years after [[The Football Association]] was created. It has played its home games at its ground in Park Lane for the entirety of its history.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dowling |first= J. R. |date= August 1973 |title= Reigate Priory Football Club |work= Surrey Life |volume= 2 |number= 11 |page= 26 }}</ref>

[[South Park F.C.]] was founded in 1897 and has been a member of the Redhill & District Football League since its inception. The club initially played its home games in upper South Park, between Crescent Road and Church Road. In the late 1920s, it moved to its current premises in Whitehall Lane.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://southparkfootballclub.co.uk/club-history/ |title= Club history |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 30 October 2020 |publisher= South Park F.C. |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 4 January 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220104120231/https://southparkfootballclub.co.uk/club-history/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Cricket===
Reigate Priory Cricket Club was founded in 1852, but it is believed that the sport has been played in the town since the 1770s.<ref name=RPCC>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigatepriorycc.co.uk/a/club-history-36078.html |title= Club History |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Reigate Priory Cricket Club |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 8 July 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190708093154/http://www.reigatepriorycc.co.uk/a/club-history-36078.html |url-status= live }}</ref>{{refn|[[Thomas White (cricketer, born c. 1740)|Thomas White]], the batsman responsible for the so-called [[History of cricket (1726–1771)#The Laws of Cricket|"wide bat controversy"]] at a 1771 match between [[Chertsey Cricket Club|Chertsey]] and the [[Hambledon Club]], is thought to have lived in Reigate for much of his life.<ref name=RPCC/>|group=note}} The first recorded match at the [[Reigate Priory Cricket Club Ground|club ground]] took place in 1853 between teams from East Surrey and West Sussex.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/11/707_misc.html |title= Other matches played on Reigate Priory Cricket Club Ground |publisher= Cricket Archive |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131015010816/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/11/707_misc.html |archive-date= 15 October 2013}}</ref>

===Golf===
[[File:Reigate Heath Windmill and Reigate Heath Golf Club clubhouse - geograph.org.uk - 2081552.jpg|thumb|Reigate Heath Golf Course clubhouse and windmill church]]
Reigate Heath Golf Club was founded in 1895. Permission to create a 9-hole course on the heath was granted on the condition that male and female club members had equal rights.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://evalu18.com/courses/reigate-heath-golf-club/ |title= Reigate Heath Golf Club |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 25 March 2022 |publisher= EVALU18 |access-date= 14 April 2022 |archive-date= 18 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210718082426/https://evalu18.com/courses/reigate-heath-golf-club |url-status= live }}</ref> The course was formally opened on 20 February 1897;<ref>{{harvnb|Sheldon|1982|p=25}}</ref> the clubhouse was completed shortly afterwards, but was extensively remodelled in 1969.<ref>{{harvnb|Sheldon|1982|pp=23, 27}}</ref>

The 18-hole Reigate Hill Golf Club course was laid out as a par 72 course by the designer, David Williams.<ref>{{cite news |last= Gumb |first= Jo |date= 21 July 1994 |title= Work starts on 'pick your own' golf course |work= Surrey Mirror |issue= 6146 |page= 18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reigatehillgolfclub.co.uk/golf/golf-club.html |title= Reigate Hill Golf Club, Surrey |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2018 |publisher= Reigate Hill Golf Club |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 27 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210727030938/https://www.reigatehillgolfclub.co.uk/golf/golf-club.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The club, at Gatton Bottom, was officially opened in November 1995 by [[professional golfer]]s [[David Gilford]] and [[Andrew Murray (golfer)|Andrew Murray]].<ref>{{cite news |date= 9 November 1995 |title= Special events |work= Surrey Mirror |issue= 6210 |page= 17 }}</ref>

===Rugby Union===
Old Reigatian R.F.C. was founded in 1927. Initially the club played its home games at St Alban's Road, but after one year it relocated to Home Farm, Merstham. It moved to its current ground on Park Lane in 1946 and the current clubhouse opened in 2012. As of 2022, the 1st XV plays in the London Two South West League.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.oldreigatianrfc.com/about-us/ |title= About us |publisher= Old Reigatian R.F.C. |date= 24 August 2021 |access-date= 11 July 2022 |archive-date= 16 July 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220716154800/https://www.oldreigatianrfc.com/about-us/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Field Hockey===
Reigate Priory Hockey Club is part of the [[Southern_Counties_Hockey_Association|South East Hockey]] league structure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.englandhockey.co.uk/competitions/2023-2024-4362305-adult-south-east-mens-group-4364001-south-east-mens-division-1-oaks/|title=South East Men's Division 1 Oaks - South East Hockey |access-date=2024-09-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://southeast.englandhockey.co.uk/competitions/2023-2024-4364709-adult-south-east-womens-group-4365802-south-east-womens-division-1-oaks/|title=South East Women's Division 1 Oaks - South East Hockey |access-date=2024-09-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reigateprioryhockeyclub.co.uk/|title=Reigate Priory Hockey Club|access-date=2024-09-19 }}</ref>

==Notable buildings and landmarks==
===Cranston Library===
The Cranston Library was opened in 1701 and is the oldest public lending library in England.<ref name=Douglas_2016_pp9-10>{{harvnb|Douglas|2016|pp=9-10}}</ref><ref name=Cranston_Welcome>{{cite web |url= https://cranstonlibraryreigate.com |title= Welcome |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 1 July 2012 |publisher= Cranston Library |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 27 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210227133950/https://cranstonlibraryreigate.com/ |url-status= live }}</ref> It was intended primarily for the use of the clergy of the Archdeaconry of Ewell, but its remit was expanded in 1708, to maintain a collection of books "for the use and perusal of the Freeholders, Vicar and Inhabitants" of Reigate Parish "and of the Gentlemen and Clergymen inhabiting parts thereunto adjacent."<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|p=63}}</ref> The library is named after its founder, Andrew Cranston who was the Vicar of Reigate from 1697 to 1708. It is housed on the first floor of the vestry of the Church of St Mary Magdalene. The collection includes over 2000 books, most of which date from the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref name=Douglas_2016_pp9-10/><ref name=Cranston_Welcome/>

===Town Hall===
[[File:Reigate Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 630757.jpg|thumb|Town Hall, Castlefield Road]]
{{main|Reigate Town Hall}}
The current town hall was completed in 1901 to replace the old town hall in the High Street. It was designed by Macintosh and Newman in the [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts style]]<ref name=new_town_hall/> and was originally known as the Municipal Buildings.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=188–189}}</ref> On opening, it also housed the police station and courts, but the police moved to new premises in Reigate Road in 1943<ref>{{cite web|url=https://british-police-history.uk/f/surrey-joint|title=Surrey Joint Police Force 1943-1947|publisher=British Police History|access-date=12 April 2021|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307083911/https://british-police-history.uk/f/surrey-joint/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the courts service vacated the building in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/history-from-police-archives/RB1/Pt3/pt3Reigate70s.html|title=Policing Change 1951-1975|publisher=Open University|access-date=12 April 2021|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929005946/https://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/history-from-police-archives/RB1/Pt3/pt3Reigate70s.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The town hall has been the headquarters of Reigate and Banstead Borough Council, since its inception on 1 April 1974.<ref name=R&B_Guide/>

===Old Town Hall===
{{main|Old Town Hall, Reigate}}
The old town hall, at the east end of the High Street, was constructed in around 1728.<ref name=NHLE_Old_Town_Hall>{{NHLE|num=1188608|desc=The Old Town Hall|grade=II*|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> It was built on the site of a chapel, dedicated to [[Thomas Becket|St Thomas Becket]] that was existence before 1330. Following the [[English Reformation|Reformation]], the chapel became a [[market house]]. It was demolished in around 1785 and was replaced by the current red brick structure.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|1979|pp=74=75}}</ref> The building served as the headquarters of Reigate Municipal Borough Council from its formation in 1863<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/history-from-police-archives/RB1/Pt1/pt1ReigateBorough.html |title= Policing the Victorian Countryside 1851-1901 |publisher= Open University |access-date= 28 December 2020 |archive-date= 19 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200219140719/http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/history-from-police-archives/RB1/Pt1/pt1ReigateBorough.html |url-status= live }}</ref> until the borough council moved to the [[Reigate Town Hall|new town hall]] in Castlefield Road in 1901.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Town Hall|num=1260489|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref> Randal Vogan purchased the old town hall in 1922 and presented it to the Borough Council.<ref>{{harvnb|Goss|1995|p=76}}</ref>{{refn|Randal Vogan's generosity to Reigate is commemorated in two local street names: Randal Crescent and Vogan Close.<ref name="Ward 1998 86–87"/>|group=note|name=Vogan}}

===Reigate Fort===
Reigate Fort, on Reigate Hill, is one of 13 [[London Defence Positions]], built in the 1890s.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/features/reigate-fort-at-reigate-hill-and-gatton-park |title= Reigate Fort |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 14 March 2017 |orig-date= 26 June 2015 |publisher= National Trust |access-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-date= 7 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210507022738/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/features/reigate-fort-at-reigate-hill-and-gatton-park |url-status= live }}</ref> They were primarily designed as [[infantry]] [[redoubt]]s, to be used in the event of an invasion by the French. The Reigate Fort was completed in 1898 and is one of the largest in the {{convert|72|mi|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} defensive line. It was defended by an earth rampart and had a clear view south over Reigate. Among the surviving buildings is a magazine, which would have been used for storing ammunition.<ref>{{harvnb|Beanse|Gill|2011|pp=55–58}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1019245|desc=Reigate Fort|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> Reigate Fort was declared redundant in 1907 and the land was sold. During the First World War, it was used as an ammunition store and is thought to have been used as a communications station for the British Army South East Command in the Second World War.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/features/-history-of-reigate-fort-at-reigate-hill-and-gatton-park |title= History of Reigate Fort at Reigate Hill and Gatton Park |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 20 November 2015 |orig-date= 17 July 2015 |publisher= National Trust |access-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-date= 20 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210520125146/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/features/-history-of-reigate-fort-at-reigate-hill-and-gatton-park |url-status= live}}</ref> The fort was restored in the early 2000s and is open to the public.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://nt.global.ssl.fastly.net/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/documents/download-our-reigate-fort-leaflet.pdf |title= Reigate Fort |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 1 April 2009 |publisher= National Trust |access-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211010121421/https://nt.global.ssl.fastly.net/reigate-hill-and-gatton-park/documents/download-our-reigate-fort-leaflet.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Watkins |first= Jack |date= 3 February 2021 |orig-date= 12 July 2015 |title= A military mystery at Reigate Fort - secret tunnels and wartime heroes |url= https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/homes-and-gardens/places-to-live/a-military-mystery-at-reigate-fort-secret-tunnels-and-wartime-7165082 |work= Surrey Life |access-date= 10 October 2021 |archive-date= 11 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210411135504/https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/homes-and-gardens/places-to-live/a-military-mystery-at-reigate-fort-secret-tunnels-and-wartime-7165082 |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Reigate Hill Footbridge===
[[File:Reigate_Hill_footbridge.jpg|thumb|right|Reigate Hill Footbridge]]
Reigate Hill Footbridge carries the North Downs Way over the A217 to the north of the town. It was completed in 1910 and has a span of {{convert|97|ft|m|abbr=on}}. It was built using the [[François Hennebique|Hennebique]] method of construction and is one of the earliest [[reinforced concrete]] bridges in England.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1031870|desc=Reigate Hill Footbridge|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> It replaced an earlier chain suspension bridge, which was built in 1825.<ref name=Curtis_Walker_2007_pp55-57/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1277367 |title= Bridge carrying public footpath over A217 (Reigate Hill) |last= Rogerson |first= Richard |date= 18 April 2009 |publisher= Geograph |access-date= 24 September 2021 |archive-date= 31 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181031021551/http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1277367 |url-status= live}}</ref>

===Wray Common Windmill===
[[File:Wray Common mill.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Wray Common Windmill]]
Wray Common Windmill was built in 1824 and is to the northeast of the town centre. It is a [[tower mill]] constructed of tarred bricks with a metal cap.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1029127|desc=Wray Common Windmill|grade=II*|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The mill was used to grind corn until 1895, when it became an agricultural store. It was converted into a four-storey private residence in the 1960s. The building underwent a programme of restoration between 2004 and 2007, which included the installation of new, non-functioning [[windmill sail|sails]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/sails-wray-common-windmill-reigate-15376194 |title= This is why the sails on Wray Common Windmill in Reigate have disappeared |first= Jenny |last= Seymour |date= 8 November 2018 |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 12 October 2021 |archive-date= 16 November 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181116042244/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/sails-wray-common-windmill-reigate-15376194 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Parks and open spaces==
{{main|Colley Hill|Gatton Park|Reigate Heath}}
Castle Gardens were laid out in the 1870s and cover an area of about {{cvt|5|acre|ha|order=flip}}. They were leased to the Borough Council by [[Charles Cocks, 1st Baron Somers|Lord Somers]] in 1873, but the freehold was not acquired by the council until 1921.<ref name=Hooper_1979_46-47/> A stone pyramid on top of the motte acts as a [[sally port]] to the Barons' Cave below.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.castleuk.net/castle_lists_south/187/reigatecastle.html |title= Reigate Castle |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2014 |publisher= CastleUK.net |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 14 August 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200814020108/http://www.castleuk.net/castle_lists_south/187/reigatecastle.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ecastles.co.uk/reigate.html |title= Reigate Castle |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Castles and Fortifications of England and Wales |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 13 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210413005938/http://ecastles.co.uk/reigate.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Inglis_Memorial,_Colley_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143523.jpg|thumb|right|The Inglis Memorial, [[Colley Hill]]]]
Colley Hill, to the northwest of the town, is part of the North Downs escarpment. {{cvt|2.5|acre|ha|order=flip}} were donated to the borough council in 1910 and the remainder was purchased by the National Trust in 1913.<ref>{{cite news |title= Dedication of Colley Hill |date= 1 June 1913 |work= The Observer |page= 11 |issue= 6367 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Davison |first= Mark |date= 11 June 1998 |title= Recalling the Reigate Pageant, 1913 |work= Surrey Mirror |issue= }}</ref> The Inglis Memorial, originally a drinking fountain for horses, was given to the Borough of Reigate by Robert Inglis in 1909.<ref>{{cite web |orig-date= 8 April 2019 |date= 27 April 2023 |title= Inglis Memorial |url= https://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/en_GB/attraction/inglis-memorial/ |publisher= National Trails |access-date= 27 June 2023 }}</ref> The ceiling of the memorial is decorated with an ornate blue and gold mosaic.<ref>{{cite news |last= Bradshaw |first= David |date= 9 May 2022 |title= Reigate and Banstead Council asked to step in and save hilltop memorial that 'looks close to collapse' |work= Surrey Live |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/reigate-banstead-council-asked-step-23898268 |access-date= 27 June 2023 }}</ref>

Lower Gatton Park, around {{cvt|3|km|mi|order=flip}} north of Reigate, is a {{cvt|234|ha|acre|adj=on}} area of parkland on the south-facing lower slopes of the North Downs. It has its origins as a medieval [[Deer park (England)|deer park]], which was created from the [[demesne]] lands of the manor of [[Gatton, Surrey|Gatton]]. It was landscaped by [[Capability Brown]] in the 1760s and 1770s and includes an {{cvt|11|ha|acre|adj=on}} ornamental lake.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1001409|desc=Lower Gatton Park|grade=II|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> The park is open to the public on the first Sunday of each month from February to October.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://gattonpark.co.uk |title= Welcome |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2019 |publisher= Gatton Park |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 5 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220405090844/https://gattonpark.co.uk/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

The southern part of Priory Park was purchased by Randal Vogan in 1920, who donated the land to the Borough Council "to be preserved in its natural beauty for the use and quiet enjoyment of the public".<ref name="Ward 1998 86–87"/>{{refn|group=note|name=Vogan}} The remainder of the {{cvt|58|ha|acre|adj=on}} priory grounds were acquired by the borough council in 1948.<ref name=SM_May1948/> In 2007, the Borough Council began a restoration project, partly funded by a £4.2M lottery grant.<ref>{{cite news |author= <!--not stated--> |date= 25 December 2010 |title= Film explores history of Reigate Priory in Surrey |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-12060875 |work= BBC News |location= London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 28 December 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228034204/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-12060875 |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[pavilion]], designed by the architect, [[Dominique Perrault]], was constructed as part of the project and houses a cafe.<ref>{{cite news |last= Glancy |first= Jonathan |date= 24 June 2008 |title= A charming French fancy on a British lawn |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2008/jun/24/acharmingfrenchfancyonab |work= The Guardian |location= London |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 16 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150916022952/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2008/jun/24/acharmingfrenchfancyonab |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.perraultarchitecture.com/en/projects/2481-priory_park_pavilion.html |title= Priory Park Pavilion |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2008 |publisher= Dominique Perrault Architecture |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 18 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170318230409/http://www.perraultarchitecture.com/en/projects/2481-priory_park_pavilion.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The park offers a children's play area, tennis courts and a skate park, as well as walking trails, formal gardens and a lake.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.visitsoutheastengland.com/things-to-do/reigate-priory-park-p1250651 |title= Reigate Priory Park |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2022 |publisher= Visit South East England |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 24 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210224232904/https://www.visitsoutheastengland.com/things-to-do/reigate-priory-park-p1250651 |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Heather_on_Reigate_Heath_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2587145.jpg|thumb|right|[[Calluna|Heather]] on [[Reigate Heath]]]]
Reigate Heath is a {{cvt|65|ha|acre|adj=on}} [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] to the west of the town centre. The primary [[habitat]]s are open [[heath]] and [[acid grassland]], where the dominant species are [[Calluna|common heather]], [[Erica cinerea|bell heather]] and [[Deschampsia flexuosa|wavy hair-grass]]. [[Genista anglica|Petty whin]], [[Trifolium striatum|soft trefoil]] and [[clover|bird's-foot fenugreek]] are also found in these areas. The site also includes [[Alnus glutinosa|Alder]] woodland, home to species such as the [[Hyacinthoides non-scripta|common bluebell]], [[Viola palustris|marsh violet]], [[Hydrocotyle vulgaris|marsh pennywort]] and the rare [[Carex canescens|white sedge]]. At the eastern edge of the heath is an area of [[wet meadow|marshy meadow]], a habitat not found elsewhere in Surrey, which supports [[Filipendula ulmaria|meadowsweet]], [[Angelica sylvestris|wild angelica]], [[Caltha palustris|marsh marigolds]] and the [[Dactylorhiza praetermissa|southern marsh orchid]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://consult.defra.gov.uk/natural-england/reigate-heath-sssi/results/reigateheathsssicitationconfirmed27april2021.pdf |title= Reigate Heath |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 30 October 2020 |publisher= DEFRA (UK Government) |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 13 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210513143948/https://consult.defra.gov.uk/natural-england/reigate-heath-sssi/results/reigateheathsssicitationconfirmed27april2021.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

South Park, to the west of Woodhatch, is a {{cvt|4.25|ha|acre|adj=on}} recreation ground managed by the South Park Sports Association. Facilities include sports pitches and a children's playground.<ref name=FIT_South_Park>{{cite web |url= https://www.fieldsintrust.org/FieldSite/South-Park-Reigate |title= South Park (Reigate) |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 19 November 2021 |publisher= Fields in Trust |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220413185842/https://www.fieldsintrust.org/FieldSite/South-Park-Reigate |url-status= live }}</ref> A new [[pump track]] for [[mountain bike]] and [[BMX bike|BMX]] riders, funded by two £20,000 grants, was opened in December 2021.<ref>{{cite news |author= <!--not stated--> |date= 31 December 2021 |title= Pump track now open in South Park, Reigate |url= https://reigate.uk/pump-track-now-open-in-south-park-reigate/ |work= reigate.uk |location= Reigate |access-date= 13 April 2022 |archive-date= 1 January 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220101090940/https://reigate.uk/pump-track-now-open-in-south-park-reigate/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The park has been protected by the [[Fields in Trust]] charity since October 1934.<ref name=FIT_South_Park/>

==Notable people==
<!--Please ensure that any additions to this list are accompanied by a citation to a reliable source.-->
<!--Names are ordered by year of birth.-->
* [[John Foxe]] (1516/17–1587) – [[martyrology|martyrologist]], worked at Reigate Castle as tutor to the [[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey|Earl of Surrey's]] children {{circa|1548–1559}}<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Thomas S.|last=Freeman|title=Foxe, John|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/10050}}</ref>
* [[John Parsons (died 1717)|John Parsons]] (1639–1717) – businessman and politician, [[Lord Mayor of London]] in 1703, lived at Reigate Priory from 1681 until his death<ref name=Hooper_1979_pp73-74/><ref>{{cite news |last= Moore |first= Alan |date= 23 January 2007 |title= Gates were too close to a pub |url= https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1141279.gates-were-too-close-to-a-pub/ |work= Redhill and Reigate Life |access-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-date= 13 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211013211150/https://www.redhillandreigatelife.co.uk/news/heritage/1141279.gates-were-too-close-to-a-pub/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
* [[Ann Alexander (banker)|Ann Alexander]] (1774/5–1861) – banker, lived for much of her life in Reigate<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Gordon|last=Fletcher|title=Alexander [née Barber], Ann|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/53243}}</ref>
* [[George William Alexander]] (1802–1890) – banker, philanthropist, son of Ann Alexander, lived at Woodhatch from 1853 until his death<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Gordon|last=Fletcher|title=Alexander, George William|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/49084}}</ref>
* [[William Harrison Ainsworth]] (1805–1882) – historical novelist, lived at Reigate for the latter part of his life<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Sheldon|last=Goldfarb|title=Ainsworth, William Harrison|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/243}}</ref>
* [[George Luxford]] (1807–1854) – botanist, lived in Reigate until 1834, published ''Flora of the Neighbourhood of Reigate'' in 1838<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=D. E.|last=Allen|title=George Luxford|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17231}}</ref>
* [[Anne Manning (novelist)|Anne Manning]] (1807–1879) – novelist, lived at Reigate Hill from 1850 to 1878<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Mary A.|last=Armstrong|title=Major-generals (act. 1655–1657)|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17969}}</ref>
* [[James Cudworth (engineer)|James Cudworth]] (1817–1899) – railway engineer, lived in Reigate from 1879 to 1899<ref>{{harvnb|Marshall|1978|p=62}}</ref>
* [[Francis Frith]] (1822–1898) – photographer, founded his publishing company in Reigate in 1860<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=T. R.|last=Sackett|title=Francis Frith|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/37434}}</ref>
* [[Edward Frankland]] (1825–1899) – organometallic chemist, set up his own independent laboratory on Reigate Hill in 1885<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Colin A.|last=Russell|title=Frankland, Sir Edward|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/10083}}</ref>
* [[Margaret Crosfield]] (1859–1952) – geologist, lived for the majority of her life in the town<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Anita|last=McConnell|title=Crosfield, Margaret Chorley|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/58473}}</ref>
* [[Edward Ayearst Reeves]] (1862–1945) – geographer, died in his Reigate home<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=1946-02-01 |title=Edward Ayearst Reeves |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=32–33 |doi=10.1093/mnras/106.1.32b |issn=0035-8711 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Fred Streeter]] (1879–1975) – horticulturalist and broadcaster, took his first job at Reigate Hill at the age of 12 and worked in the town until 1897<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Janet|last=Waymark|title=Streeter, Frederick [Fred]|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/95219}}</ref>
* [[H. M. Bateman]] (1887–1970) – cartoonist and illustrator, lived in Reigate for 14 years from 1918<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=John|last=Jensen|title=Bateman, Henry Mayo|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/30636}}</ref>
* [[Cliff Michelmore]] (1919–2016) – broadcaster, lived in Reigate for much of his working life<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Michael|last=Leapman|title=Michelmore, Arthur Clifford (Cliff) (1919–2016), broadcaster|doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.111173}}</ref>
* [[Bob Doe]] (1920–2010) – [[Battle of Britain]] [[flying ace]], born in Reigate<ref>{{harvnb|Ogley|1995|p=69}}</ref><ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Wing Commander Bob Doe |date= 3 March 2010 |page= 64 |issue= 69885 }}</ref>
* [[Ray Alan]] (1930–2010) – [[ventriloquism|ventriloquist]] and writer, lived in Reigate towards the end of his life<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Cy|last=Young|title=Alan, Ray [real name Raymond Alan Whyberd]|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/102467}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10147436|title=Ventriloquist Ray Alan dies at 79|work=BBC News|date=24 May 2010|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126153538/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10147436|archive-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>
* [[Piers Morgan]] (b. 1965) – broadcaster, journalist and writer, born in Reigate<ref>{{cite news |last= Green |first= Alex |date= 21 April 2022 |title=Piers Morgan's quiet life in Newick away from the cameras |work= Sussex Live |url= https://www.sussexlive.co.uk/news/sussex-news/piers-morgans-quiet-life-newick-6978700 |access-date= 23 April 2024 }}</ref>
* [[Tom Chilton]] (b. 1985) – racing driver, was born in Reigate<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Chilton |url=https://alliance-racing.com/tom-chilton-2/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Alliance Racing |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Max Chilton]] (b. 1991) – racing driver, was born in Reigate<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/all-about/max-chilton |title= Max Chilton |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 16 July 2022 |archive-date= 4 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220504141539/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/all-about/max-chilton |url-status= live }}</ref> and attended Reigate St Mary's School<ref>{{cite news |last= Lacey |first= Hester |date= 21 August 2020 |title= Max Chilton: 'I married my childhood sweetheart. I've known my wife since I was six |work= Financial Times |url= https://www.ft.com/content/46a6cdb6-a636-4b42-8da5-e6389ea49d6d |access-date= 16 July 2022 |archive-date= 1 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201101052600/https://www.ft.com/content/46a6cdb6-a636-4b42-8da5-e6389ea49d6d |url-status= live }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wikivoyage|Reigate}}
{{Portal|Surrey}}
* [[Geology of Surrey]]
* [[List of public art in Surrey]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
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* {{cite book |title=Discovering Reigate Priory |last=Ward |first=Audrey |year=1998 |publisher=Bluestream |isbn=978-1-90-186002-3}}
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{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{NIE Poster|year=1905}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Reigate |short=x}}
* [http://www.reigatesociety.org.uk Reigate Society]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027050138/http://uk.geocities.com/nixpix2004/roman_excavation.htm Reigate Roman tile kiln excavation]

{{Surrey}}
{{Reigate and Banstead}}
{{Geographic Location
|title     = '''Neighbouring areas of Surrey'''
|Northwest = [[Mogador, Surrey|Mogador]], [[Walton-on-the-Hill]]
|North     = [[Margery]], [[Lower Kingswood]]
|Northeast = [[Gatton, Surrey|Gatton]], [[Merstham]]
|East      = [[Redhill, Surrey|Redhill]]
|Centre    = Reigate
|Southeast = [[Earlswood]], [[Salfords]] and [[Horley]]
|South     = [[Sidlow]]
|West      = [[Buckland, Surrey|Buckland]]
|Southwest = [[Leigh, Surrey|Leigh]]}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Reigate| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Surrey]]
[[Category:Market towns in Surrey]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Surrey]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Surrey]]