Editing Reims

{{Short description|Subprefecture and commune in Grand Est, France}}
{{Redirect|Rheims|other uses|Rheims (disambiguation)|other uses of "Reims"|Reims (disambiguation)}}
{{For|the island in northern Germany|Riems}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Reims
|commune status         = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image                  = {{multiple image
|perrow = 1/2/2
|border = infobox
|total_width = 280
|image1 = Subé Fountain, Reims, France.jpg
|caption1 = Place Drouet-d'Erlon
|image2 = Porte Mars 01.jpg
|caption2 = [[Porte de Mars]]
|image3 = Cathedrale notre dame reims 2023 03.jpg
|caption3 = [[Reims Cathedral]]
|image4 = Hôtel de Ville de Reims, Southeast View 20140306 1.jpg
|caption4 = [[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]]
|image5 = Place Royale in Reims (France).jpg
|caption5 = [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]]
}}
|population demonym     = Rémois(e)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/french-english/rémois|title=English translation of 'rémois'|website=[[Collins Dictionary|collinsdictionary.com]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins Publishers LLC]]|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
|image coat of arms     = Armoiries de Reims.svg
|image flag             = Flag of Rheims.svg
|arrondissement         = Reims
|canton                 = [[Canton of Reims-1|Reims-1]], [[Canton of Reims-2|2]], [[Canton of Reims-3|3]], [[Canton of Reims-4|4]], [[Canton of Reims-5|5]], [[Canton of Reims-6|6]], [[Canton of Reims-7|7]], [[Canton of Reims-8|8]] and [[Canton of Reims-9|9]]
|INSEE                  = 51454
|postal code            = 51100
|mayor                  = [[Arnaud Robinet]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|party                  = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Communauté urbaine du Grand Reims|CU Grand Reims]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|49.2628|4.0347|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            =
|elevation min m        = 80
|elevation max m        = 135
|area km2               = 46.9
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Reims''' ({{IPAc-en|r|iː|m|z}} {{respell|REEMZ}};<ref>{{dict.com|Reims}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ʁɛ̃s|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Reims.wav}}; also spelled '''Rheims''' in English) is the most populous city in the French [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Marne (department)|Marne]], and the [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants|12th most populous city in France]]. The city lies {{convert|129|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Paris on the [[Vesle]] river, a tributary of the [[Aisne (river)|Aisne]].

Founded by the [[Gauls]], Reims became a major city in the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|article=Reims|title=[[Petit Larousse|Nouveau petit Larousse]]|year=1971|page=1638}}</ref> Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in [[history of France|French monarchical history]] as the traditional site of the coronation of the [[kings of France]]. The royal [[anointing]] was performed at the [[Cathedral of Reims]], which housed the [[Holy Ampulla]] of [[chrism]] allegedly brought by a white dove at the baptism of Frankish king [[Clovis I]] in 496. For this reason, Reims is often referred to in French as {{lang|fr|la cité des sacres}} ("the Coronation City").

Reims is recognized for the diversity of its heritage, ranging from [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] to [[Art Deco|Art-déco]]. [[Reims Cathedral]], the adjacent [[Palace of Tau]], and the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] were listed together as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in 1991 because of their outstanding Romanesque and Gothic architecture and their historical importance to the French monarchy.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/601 |title = Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Rémi and Palace of Tau, Reims |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref> Reims also lies on the northern edge of the [[Champagne wine region]] and is linked to its production and export.

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Reims}}

[[File:Porte de Mars.jpg|thumb|left|[[Porte de Mars]], from the 3rd or 4th century<ref name=EB1911/>]]
Before the Roman conquest of northern [[Gaul]], Reims had served as the [[Remi]] tribe's capital, founded {{Circa|80&nbsp;BC}}. In the course of [[Julius Caesar]]'s [[conquest of Gaul]] (58–51&nbsp;BC), the Remi allied themselves with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]], and by their fidelity throughout the various [[Gauls|Gallic]] insurrections secured the special favour of the imperial power.<ref name=EB1911/> At its height in Roman times the city had a population in the range of 30,000–50,000 or perhaps up to 100,000.<ref name="google">
{{cite book|title= An Historical Geography of France|author1= de Planhol, X.|author2= Claval, P.|date= 1994|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 9780521322089|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C19glZh7zfoC|page= 47|access-date= 10 October 2014}}
</ref> Reims was first called {{lang|la|[[Durocortorum]]}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Félix Gaffiot|author-link=Félix Gaffiot|title=[[Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français|Dictionnaire latin-français]]|year=1934|page=566}}</ref> in [[Latin]], which is hypothesized to derive from a [[Gaulish]] name meaning "Door of Cortoro-".<ref>{{cite book|author=Jean-Paul Savignac|title=Dictionnaire Français-Gaulois|publisher=La Différence|page=274}}</ref> The city later took its name from the [[Remi]] tribe<ref>{{Cite book|author=Auguste Longnon|title=Les noms de lieu de la France|year=1968|volume=1|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7QKAQAAIAAJ|page=103}}</ref> ({{lang|la|Rēmi}} or {{lang|la|Rhēmi}}).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Félix Gaffiot|author-link=Félix Gaffiot|title=[[Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français|Dictionnaire latin-français]]|year=1934|page=1339}}</ref> The modern French name is derived from the [[accusative case]] of the latter, {{lang|la|Rēmos}}.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Auguste Longnon|title=Les noms de lieu de la France|year=1968|volume=1|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7QKAQAAIAAJ|pages=98, 103}}</ref>

Christianity had become established in the city by 260, at which period Saint [[Sixtus of Reims]] founded the [[Diocese of Reims]] (which would be elevated to an [[archdiocese]] around 750). The consul [[Jovinus (consul)|Jovinus]], an influential supporter of the new faith, repelled the [[Alamanni]] who invaded [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] in 336, but the [[Vandals]] captured the city in 406 and slew [[Nicasius of Rheims|Bishop Nicasius]];<ref name=EB1911/> in 451 [[Attila the Hun]] put Reims to fire and sword.

[[File:St Remy Bishop of Rheims begging of Clovis the restitution of the Sacred Vase taken by the Franks in the Pillage of Soissons.png|thumb|left|[[Saint Remigius]], Bishop of Reims, begging [[Clovis I|Clovis]] of the restitution of the Sacred Vase taken by the Franks in the pillage of Soissons. From the manuscript of the ''History of the Emperors'' ([[Library of the Arsenal]]).]]
In 496—ten years after [[Clovis I|Clovis]], King of the Salian Franks, won his victory at [[Soissons]] (486)—[[Saint Remigius|Remigius]], the bishop of Reims, baptized him using the oil of the sacred phial–purportedly brought from heaven by a dove for the baptism of Clovis and subsequently preserved in the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]].<ref name=EB1911/> For centuries the events at the crowning of Clovis I became a symbol used by the monarchy to claim the [[Divine right of kings|divine right]] to rule.

Meetings of [[Pope Stephen II]] (752–757) with [[Pepin the Short]], and of [[Pope Leo III]] (795–816) with [[Charlemagne]] (died 814), took place at Reims; here [[Pope Stephen IV]] crowned [[Louis the Debonnaire]] in 816. King [[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]] gave the city and countship of Reims to the archbishop [[Artaldus]] in 940. King [[Louis VII]] (reigned 1137–1180) gave the title of duke and peer to [[William of Champagne]], archbishop from 1176 to 1202, and the archbishops of Reims took precedence over the other ecclesiastical [[peers of the realm]].<ref name=EB1911/>

By the 10th century, Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture. Archbishop [[Adalberon, archbishop of Rheims|Adalberon]] (in office 969 to 988), seconded by the monk Gerbert (afterwards (from 999 to 1003) [[Pope Silvester II]]), founded schools which taught the classical "[[liberal arts]]". (Adalberon also played a leading role in the dynastic revolution which elevated the [[Capetian dynasty]] in the place of the [[Carolingian]]s.)<ref name=EB1911/>

[[File:Calice du sacre Tau.jpg|thumb|The Coronation Chalice, also known as the Chalice of Saint Remigius ([[Palace of Tau]])]]
The archbishops held the important prerogative of the consecration of the kings of France – a privilege which they exercised (except in a few cases) from the time of [[Philip II of France|Philippe II Augustus]] (anointed 1179, reigned 1180–1223) to that of [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] (anointed 1825). The [[Palace of Tau]], built between 1498 and 1509 and partly rebuilt in 1675, would later serve as the Archbishop's palace and as the residence of the kings of France on the occasion of their coronations, with royal banquets taking place in the ''Salle du Tau''.<ref name=EB1911/>

[[File:Ingres coronation charles vii.jpg|thumb|[[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]], ''[[Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII]]'', 1854 ([[Louvre]])]]
[[Louis VII]] granted the city a communal charter in 1139. The [[Treaty of Troyes]] (1420) ceded it to the English, who had made a futile attempt to take it by siege in 1360; French patriots expelled them on the approach of [[Joan of Arc]], who in 1429 had [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] consecrated in the cathedral. [[Louis XI]] cruelly suppressed a revolt at Reims, caused in 1461 by the [[Gabelle|salt tax]].{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

During the [[French Wars of Religion]] the city sided with the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]] (1585), but submitted to King [[Henri IV]] after the [[battle of Ivry]] (1590).<ref name=EB1911/> At about the same time, the [[English College, Douai|English College]] had been "at Reims for some years."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Seventeenth-Century Tradition: A Study in Recusant Thought|author=George Henry Tavard|year=1978|isbn=9004054561|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tr8eAAAAIAAJ}}</ref>

The city was stricken with plague in 1635, and again in 1668, followed by an epidemic of typhus in 1693–1694.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Population|first=J.-M.|last=R.|title=Benoit R. — ''Vivre et mourir à Reims au Grand Siècle (1580-1720)'' [compte-rendu]|language=fr|year=2000|volume=55|issue=2|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/pop_0032-4663_2000_num_55_2_7132|pages=405–406|doi=10.2307/1535044|jstor=1535044}}</ref> The construction of the {{lang|fr|[[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]]|italic=no}} dates back to the same century.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NArW1LX4yKQC&pg=PA66 |title=Nouvelle revue de Champagne et de Brie|year=1895|page=66}}</ref>

The [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]] was built in the 18th century. Some of the 1792 [[September Massacres]] took place in Reims.

In the invasions of the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] in 1814, anti-Napoleonic allied armies captured and re-captured Reims. "In 1852, the [[Chemins de fer de l'Est|Eastern Railways]] completed the Paris-Strasbourg main line with branch lines to Reims and Metz."<ref>{{cite book|title=Railways:The Pioneer Years|page=46|author=Malcolm Fletcher|year=1990|isbn=9781555216276|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aesAWrfDYu0C}}</ref> In 1870–1871, during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the victorious Germans made it the seat of a governor-general and impoverished it with heavy requisitions.<ref name=EB1911/> In 1874 the construction of a chain of detached [[fort]]s started in the vicinity, the [[French Army]] having selected Reims as one of the chief defences of the northern approaches to Paris.{{efn|Atop the ridge of St Thierry stands a fort of the same name, which with the neighbouring work of [[Chenay, Marne|Chenay]] closes the west side of the place. To the north the hill of [[Brimont]] has three works guarding the [[Laon]] railway and the Aisne canal. Farther east, on the old Roman road, stands the [[Fort de Fresnes]]. Due east, the hills of Arnay are crowned with five large and important works which cover the approaches from the upper Aisne. [[Fort de la Pompelle]], which hosts a [[World War I]] museum featuring a rich collection of German uniforms, and [[Fort de Montbré|Montbré]] close the southeast side, and the Falaise hills on the southwest are open and unguarded. The perimeter of the defences measures just under 22 miles, and the forts are at a mean distance of {{Convert|6|mi|km|0}} from the centre of the city.<ref name=EB1911/>}} In the meantime, British inventor and manufacturer [[Isaac Holden]] had opened plants at Reims and [[Croix, Nord|Croix]], which "by the 1870s [...] were producing almost 12 million kilograms of combed wool a year [...] and accounted for 27 percent of all the wool consumed by French industry."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Emergence of Modern Business Enterprise in France, 1800-1930|page=149|author=Michael Stephen Smith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zs26hd5keYkC|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780674019393}}</ref>

[[File:Aviatiker-Woche Reims 1909.jpg|thumb|left|A month after Blériot's crossing of the English Channel in a biplane, the aviation week in Reims (August 1909) caught special attention.]]
On 30 October 1908, [[Henri Farman]] made the first cross-country flight from [[Châlons]] to Reims.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff; no by-line.--> |title=A New Era in Aeroplane Transport |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |publisher=Munn & Co. |date=21 November 1908 |volume=99 |issue=21 |page=350}}</ref> In August 1909 Reims hosted the first international [[aviation meet]], the ''[[Grande Semaine d'Aviation de la Champagne]]''. Major aviation personages such as [[Glenn Curtiss]], [[Louis Blériot]] and [[Louis Paulhan]] participated.

[[File:France, Reims and its cathedral, 1916.jpg|thumb|Reims in 1916]]
Hostilities in [[World War I]] greatly damaged the city. [[German Army (German Empire)|German]] bombardment and a subsequent fire in 1914 did severe damage to the cathedral.<ref name="smarthistory">{{cite web|last=Bolli|first=Christine M.|url=https://smarthistory.org/reims-cathedral-world-war/|title=Fact and fiction: The explosion of Reims Cathedral during World War I|publisher=[[Smarthistory]]|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> The ruined cathedral became one of the central images of [[anti-German sentiment|anti-German]] [[Atrocity propaganda#World War I|propaganda]] produced in France during the war, which presented it, along with the ruins of the [[Ypres Cloth Hall]] and the [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|University Library in Louvain]], as evidence that German aggression targeted cultural landmarks of European civilization.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clark|first=James|date=6 June 2018|url=https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/war-among-ruins|title=War Among The Ruins|publisher=[[History Today]]|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> Since the end of World War I, an international effort to restore the cathedral from the ruins has continued.<ref name="smarthistory" />

During [[World War II]], the city suffered additional damage. On the morning of 7 May 1945, at 2:41, General Eisenhower and the Allies received the [[unconditional surrender]] of the German [[Wehrmacht]] in Reims. General [[Alfred Jodl]], German Chief-of-Staff, signed the surrender at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force ([[SHAEF]]) as the representative for German President [[Karl Dönitz]].

The British statesman [[Leslie Hore-Belisha]] died of a cerebral haemorrhage while making a speech at the {{lang|fr|[[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]]|italic=no}} in February 1957.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wimbledonguardian.co.uk/news/9922334.heritage-the-wartime-minister-whose-wimbledon-hideaway-was-bombed/|title=Heritage: The wartime minister whose Wimbledon hideaway was bombed|date=11 September 2012|newspaper=Wimbledon Times|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Reims OSM 01.png|alt=|Map of Rheims
File:Tombeau de Jovin Musée Saint-Remi 90208 01.jpg|alt=|Sarcophagus of Jovinus ([[Musée Saint-Remi]])
File:Clovis crop.jpg|alt=|[[Master of Saint Giles]], ''The Baptism of Clovis'' (detail), {{Circa|1500}} ([[National Gallery of Art]])
File:Douai-Rheims New Testament (1582).jpg|alt=|The New Testament of the [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] was printed in Reims in 1582.
File:Statue de Louis XV Place Royale Reims 03.jpg|alt=|Monument to King Louis XV of France, at the center of [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]]
File:(Top) - German officers sign unconditional surrender in Reims, France. (Bottom) - Allied force leaders at the signing. - NARA - 195337.jpg|alt=|[[Victory in Europe Day|German surrender of 7 May 1945]] in Reims. Top: German officers sign [[unconditional surrender]] in Reims. Bottom: Allied force leaders at the signing.
</gallery>

==Administration==
Reims functions as a [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] of the [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Marne (department)|Marne]],<ref name=EB1911/> in the administrative [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Grand Est]]. Although Reims is by far the largest commune in its department, [[Châlons-en-Champagne]] is the [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]]. Reims co-operates with 142 other communes in the ''[[Communauté urbaine]] du [[Grand Reims]]''.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|28831|Reims}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-51454#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 | 32334
|1800 | 30225
|1806 | 31779
|1821 | 31080
|1831 | 39298
|1836 | 38959
|1841 | 40776
|1846 | 43905
|1851 | 45754
|1856 | 48350
|1861 | 52394
|1866 | 58905
|1872 | 70434
|1876 | 81328
|1881 | 93823
|1886 | 97903
|1891 | 104186
|1896 | 107963
|1901 | 108385
|1906 | 109859
|1911 | 115178
|1921 | 76645
|1926 | 100998
|1931 | 112820
|1936 | 116687
|1946 | 110749
|1954 | 121145
|1962 | 133914
|1968 | 152967
|1975 | 178381
|1982 | 177234
|1990 | 180620
|1999 | 187206
|2007 | 183500
|2012 | 181893
|2017 | 182460
}}

==Economy==
Rue de Vesle is the main commercial street (continued under other names), traversing the city from southwest to northeast through the [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]].<ref name=EB1911/> The economy of Reims is driven by the wine and Champagne industries and innovation in the bio-economic field.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-06 |title=Reims - Eurocities |url=https://eurocities.eu/cities/reims/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=eurocities.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Cathédrale de Reims et Palais du Tau.jpg|thumb|[[Reims cathedral]] and [[Palace of Tau]]|200x200px]][[File:Basilique Saint-Remi de Reims, Southwest view 20140306 1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Basilica of Saint-Remi]]|180x180px]]
[[Reims Cathedral]] is an example of [[French Gothic architecture]].

The [[Basilica of Saint-Remi]], founded in the 11th century "over the chapel of St. Christophe where [[St. Remi]] was buried",<ref name="The National Geographic Traveler: France">{{Cite book|title=The National Geographic Traveler: France|year = 1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZfWAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> is "the largest [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church in northern France, though with later additions."<ref name="The National Geographic Traveler: France"/>

The Church of Saint-Jacques dates from the 13th to the 16th centuries. A few blocks from the cathedral, it stands {{as of | 2009 | lc = on}} in a neighbourhood of shopping and restaurants. The churches of Saint-Maurice (partly rebuilt in 1867), Saint-André,<ref name=EB1911/> and Saint-Thomas (erected from 1847 to 1853, under the patronage of [[Cardinal Gousset]], now buried within its walls<ref name=EB1911/>) also draw tourists.

{{multiple image
| align             = left
| width             = 180
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Reims, die Manège.JPG
| image2            = Reims, the Manège.JPG
| footer            = The [[Reims Manège and Circus]]
}}
[[File:Reims - temple (13).JPG|thumb|A stained glass window of the [[Protestant Church of Reims]]|267x267px]]The [[Protestant Church of Reims]], built in 1921–1923 over designs by [[Charles Letrosne]], is an example of [[flamboyant]] neo-Gothic architecture.

The [[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]], erected in the 17th century and enlarged in the 19th, features a [[pediment]] with an equestrian statue of [[Louis XIII]] (reigned 1610 to 1643).<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Reims|inline=1}}</ref>

[[Narcisse Brunette]] was the architect of the city for nearly 50 years in the 19th century. He designed the [[Reims Manège and Circus]], which "combines stone and brick in a fairly sober classical composition."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Architecture in France, 1800–1900|page=92|author1=Lemoine, Bertrand|author2=Bonfante-Warren, Alexandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dVPAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|isbn=9780810940901}}</ref>

Examples of [[Art Deco]] in Reims include the [[Carnegie Library of Reims|Carnegie library]].

The [[Foujita Chapel]], built in 1965–1966 over designs and with frescos by Japanese–French artist [[Tsuguharu Foujita]], has been listed as a ''[[monument historique]]'' since 1992.<ref name="gouv">{{Base Mérimée|PA00078928|Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==Culture==
Reims is a candidate in the bid to become the [[European Capital of Culture]] in 2028. 

===Museums===
The [[Palace of Tau]] contains such exhibits as statues formerly displayed by the cathedral, treasures of the cathedral from past centuries, and royal attire from coronations of French kings.

[[File:Hall in Saint-Remi Museum, Reims.jpg|thumb|[[Musée Saint-Remi]]]]
The [[Musée Saint-Remi]], formerly the Abbey of Saint-Remi, contains tapestries from the 16th century donated by the archbishop Robert de Lenoncourt (uncle of the [[Robert de Lenoncourt (cardinal)|cardinal of the same name]]), marble capitals from the fourth century AD, furniture, jewellery, pottery, weapons and glasswork from the sixth to eighth centuries, medieval sculpture, the façade of the 13th-century musicians' House, remnants from an earlier abbey building, and also exhibits of Gallo-Roman arts and crafts and a room of pottery, jewellery and weapons from Gallic civilization, as well as an exhibit of items from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic periods. Another section of the museum features a permanent military exhibition.

The [[Automobile Museum Reims-Champagne]], established in 1985 by [[Philippe Charbonneaux]], houses a collection of automobiles dating from 1903 to the present day. The museum has five collections: automobiles, motorcycles and two-wheelers, pedal cars, miniature toys, and enamel plaques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musee-automobile-reims-champagne.com/en/museum/|title = Automobile Museum Reims| date=22 June 2021 }}</ref>

The [[Museum of Fine Arts, Reims|Museum of Fine Arts]] is housed in the former Abbey of Saint-Denis. Part of the former Collège des Jésuites has also become a contemporary art gallery: the FRAC Champagne-Ardenne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRAC Champagne-Ardenne |url=https://www.frac-champagneardenne.org/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.frac-champagneardenne.org |language=fr}}</ref> 

[[File:Reims - musée de la Reddition (01).JPG|thumb|The Museum of the Surrender]]
The Museum of the Surrender is the building in which on 7 May 1945, [[General Eisenhower]] and the Allies received the unconditional surrender of the German [[Wehrmacht]].

===Theaters===
[[File:Opéra de Reims 2015.JPG|thumb|left|[[Reims Opera House]]]]
Venues include the [[Reims Opera House]], built in 1873 and renovated in 1931–1932, and the [[Reims Manège and Circus]], dating from 1865 and 1867.

The Comédie de Reims was inaugurated in 1966.

===Libraries===
Libraries in Reims include a [[Carnegie Library of Reims|Carnegie library]] which was built in the 1920s.

===Festivals and events===

At the beginning of the year, the FARaway - Festival des Arts à Reims is a two-week event of music, dance, theatre, exhibitions, and installations at various cultural venues around the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FARaway festival des arts à Reims |url=https://www.farawayfestival.eu/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=FARaway festival des arts à Reims |language=en-US}}</ref>

Every year in June, the ''Fêtes Johanniques'' commemorate the entrance of Joan of Arc into Reims in 1429 and the coronation of Charles VII of France in the cathedral.

In August and September there are regular evening light shows called Regalia projected onto the Reims Cathedral. It has a duration of 15 minutes and is free of charge. Regalia is an open-air multimedia show telling the story of the French coronations in a dramatic and whimsical fashion. Pets are welcome.

A [[Christmas market]] was held on the parvis of Reims Cathedral (Place du Cardinal-Luçon). It has since been moved in front of the Reims train station. In takes place in the month before Christmas, in 2023 this will be November 24th until December 24th. The Christmas market in Reims is the 3rd largest Christmas market in France. There are 150 different stalls each with various regional crafts, gifts, foods and specialities. This includes a famous poutine stand. The market last year was open on Mondays from 2pm to 8pm, Tuesday to Thursday from 10:30am to 10pm, Friday from 10:30am to 10pm, Saturday from 10am to 10pm, and Sundays from 10pm to 8pm. Access to the Christmas market is free and it is accessible to people with reduced mobility. Dogs are welcome if they are on a leash. Close by, there is a large traditional Christmas tree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reims Christmas Market 2023 |url=https://www.reims-tourisme.com/en/reims-christmas-market/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Reims Tourisme |language=en-US}}</ref> 

===Wine and food===
[[File:Reims Place Erlon.jpg|thumb|Place Drouet d'Erlon]]
Restaurants and bars are concentrated around Place Drouet d'Erlon in the city centre.

Reims, along with [[Épernay]] and [[Ay, Marne|Ay]], functions as one of the centres of champagne production. Many of the largest [[List of champagne producers|champagne-producing houses]], known as ''les grandes marques'', have their headquarters in Reims, and most open for tasting and tours. Champagne ages in the many caves and tunnels under Reims, which form a sort of maze below the city. Carved from [[chalk]], some of these passages date back to Roman times.

The ''[[biscuit rose de Reims]]'' is a biscuit frequently associated with Champagne wine.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Riches of France: A Shopping and Touring Guide to the French Provinces|last=Clemente|first=Maribeth|publisher=St. Martin's Press}}</ref> Reims was long renown for its ''[[pain d'épices]]'' and ''nonnette''.<ref>''[[Encyclopédie Méthodique]]: Arts et Métiers mécaniques'', volume 5 (1788), p. 462.</ref>

===Sports===
[[File:Circuit de Reims-Gueux - 002.jpg|thumb|left|[[Reims-Gueux]] circuit]]
Between 1925 and 1969, Reims hosted the ''[[Grand Prix de la Marne]]'' [[automobile race]] at the circuit of [[Reims-Gueux]]. The [[French Grand Prix]] took place here 14 times between 1938 and 1966.

{{As of | 2021}}, the football club ''[[Stade Reims]]'', based in the city, competed in the [[Ligue 1]], the highest tier of French football. ''Stade Reims'' became the outstanding team of France in the 1950s and early 1960s and reached the final of the [[European Cup of Champions]] twice in that era.

In October 2018, the city hosted the second [[Teqball]] World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1075167/teqball-world-cup|title=Teqball World Championships and World Rankings|publisher=[[Inside the Games]]|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>

The city has hosted the [[Reims Marathon]] since 1984.

==Transport==
Reims is served by two main railway stations: [[Gare de Reims]] in the city centre, the hub for regional transport, and the new [[Gare de Champagne-Ardenne TGV]] {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} southwest of the city with high-speed rail connections to Paris, Metz, Nancy and Strasbourg. There are two other railway stations for local services in the southern suburbs: [[Franchet d'Esperey station|Franchet d'Esperey]] and [[Reims-Maison-Blanche station|Reims-Maison-Blanche]]. The motorways [[A4 autoroute|A4]] (Paris-Strasbourg), [[A26 autoroute|A26]] (Calais-Langres) and [[A34 autoroute|A34]] intersect near Reims.[[File:Reims - Grille des Basses-Promenades (2).JPG|thumb|Paris Gate, Basses Promenades]]Public transport within the city consists of buses and a [[Reims tramway|tramway]], the latter opened in 2011. There is also a bikeshare program, Zébullo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bike Share Map: Reims (Zébullo) |url=https://bikesharemap.com/reims/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Bike Share Map: Reims (Zébullo) |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Canal de l'Aisne à la Marne]] is a waterway. There is also an airport, [[Reims – Prunay Aerodrome]], but it had, as of 2020, no commercial airline flights.

==Parks and gardens==
Among the parks and gardens of Reims are the Parc de Champagne, where a [[Monument to the Heroes of the Black Army]] is located.

Next to the main train station, there is the Hautes Promenades, which is a park equipped with leisure facilities such as swings, hammocks, a [[carousel]], in-ground trampolines, and a water park.

Smaller gardens and parks are also peppered throughout Reims, such as Jardin Le Vergeur, Parc Léo-Lagrange, and the Parc Saint-Remi which next to the Basilica of Saint-Remi.

==Higher education==
The [[Sciences Po Paris|Institut d'Etudes politiques de Paris]], the leading French university in social and political sciences, also known as SciencesPo Paris, opened a new campus in the former {{Interlanguage link multi|Collège des Jésuites de Reims|fr}} in 2010. It hosts both the Europe-Africa and Europe-America Program<ref name="sciences-po">{{cite web |title=Welcome &#124; Sciences Po - College Universitaire de Reims - Campus Euro-Américain |url=http://college.sciences-po.fr/sitereims/ |access-date=10 October 2014 |publisher=college.sciences-po.fr}}</ref> with more than 1,500 students in the respective programs. Aside from its Jesuit architecture, the campus also features the oldest grape vines in France,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les vendanges de la plus vieille vigne de France à Reims |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/emissions/les-echappees-de-nicolas/champagne-ardenne/les-vendanges-de-la-plus-vieille-vigne-de-france-a-reims |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=ici, par France Bleu et France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> which are harvested every year by the City of Reims and are not at the disposal of students or visitors. In 2012 the first Reims [[Model United Nations]] was launched, which gathered 200 international students from all the Sciences Po campuses. Daniel Rondeau, the ambassador of France to [[UNESCO]] and a French writer, is the patron of the event. 

The [[University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne|URCA]] (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) was founded in 1548. This multidisciplinary university develops innovative, fundamental, and applied research. It provides more than 18,000 students in Reims (22,000 in Champagne-Ardenne) with a wide initial undergraduate studies program which corresponds to society's needs in all domains of the knowledge. The university also accompanies independent or company-backed students in continuing professional development training. 

[[NEOMA Business School]] (former [[Reims Management School]]) is also one of the main schools in Reims. The Advanced Business School of Reims was created in 1928. It took the name Reims Management School in 2000. 

==Notable residents==
Those born in Reims include:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Adolphe d'Archiac]] (1802–1868), geologist and [[paleontologist]]
* [[Jean Baudrillard]] (1929–2007), [[cultural theorist]] and philosopher
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Olivier de Benoist|fr}} (born 1974), comedian
* [[Nicolas Bergier]] (1567–1623), scholar of [[Roman roads]]
* [[Brodinski]] (born 1987), musical artist and DJ
* [[Roger Caillois]] (1913–1978), intellectual
* [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]] (1619–1683), [[List of Finance Ministers of France|Minister of Finance]] from 1665 to 1683 under the reign of [[Louis XIV]]
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Eugène Courmeaux|fr}} (1817–1902), librarian of Reims, fervent [[Republicanism|republican]]
* [[Anne-Sophie Da Costa]] (1982), boxe
* [[Jean Del Val]] (1891–1975), actor
* [[Rose Delaunay]] (born 1857), opera singer
* [[Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Count d'Erlon]] (1765–1844), [[marshal of France]] and soldier in [[Napoleon]]'s army
* [[Hugo Ekitike]] (born 2002), professional footballer
* [[Paul Fort]] (1872–1960), poet
* [[Nicolas Eugène Géruzez]] (1799–1865), critic
* [[Pauline Ferrand-Prévot]] (born 1992), world champion cyclist
* [[Nicolas de Grigny]] (1672–1703), organist and composer
* [[Maurice Halbwachs]] (1877–1945), philosopher and [[sociologist]]
* [[Kyan Khojandi]] (born 1982), comedian, actor and screenwriter
* [[Jean Lévesque de Burigny]] (1692–1785), historian
* [[Marie-Claire Jamet]] (born 1933), classical harpist
* [[Guillaume de Machaut]] (1300–1377), composer and poet (Machaut was most likely born in Reims or nearby; he spent most of his adult life there)<ref>Oxford Music Online</ref>
* [[Henri Marteau]] (1874–1934), violinist and composer
* [[Merolilan of Rheims]], Irish cleric
* [[Olivier Métra]] (1830–1889), composer, conductor
* [[Maurice Pézard]] (1876–1923), archaeologist and assyriologist
* [[Robert Pires]] (born 1973), [[Football World Cup|World Cup]] winner, footballer for [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] and for [[Villarreal CF]]
* [[Patrick Poivre d'Arvor]] (born 1947), television journalist and writer
* [[Jean-Baptiste de la Salle]] (1651–1719), Catholic saint, teacher and educational reformer
* [[Jules de Saint-Pol]] (1810–1855), general
* [[Émile Senart]] (1847–1928), indologist
* [[Adeline Wuillème]] (born 1975), [[Foil (fencing)|foil]] [[Fencing|fencer]]
* [[Yuksek]] (born 1977), electronic music producer, remixer, singer and DJ
{{div col end}}

==Climate==
Reims has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfb''), influenced by its inland position. This renders that although the maritime influence moderates averages, it nevertheless is prone to hot and cold extremes in certain instances. Reims has a relatively gloomy climate due to the said maritime influence and the dominance of low-pressure systems for much of the year. In spite of this, the amount of precipitation is fairly limited.

{{Weather box
|width = auto
| collapsed   =  <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed. -->
|location= Reims (1991–2020)
|metric first= Y
|single line= Y
|Jan record high C = 16.6
|Feb record high C = 21.6
|Mar record high C = 24.0
|Apr record high C = 29.4
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 38.3
|Jul record high C = 41.1
|Aug record high C = 39.3
|Sep record high C = 35.5
|Oct record high C = 27.5
|Nov record high C = 21.0
|Dec record high C = 16.7
|year record high C = 41.1
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Feb high C = 7.7
|Mar high C = 12.0
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 19.3
|Jun high C = 22.6
|Jul high C = 25.2
|Aug high C = 24.9
|Sep high C = 20.8
|Oct high C = 15.9
|Nov high C = 10.1
|Dec high C = 6.9
|year high C = 15.7
|Jan mean C = 3.5
|Feb mean C = 4.2
|Mar mean C = 7.2
|Apr mean C = 10.0
|May mean C = 13.7
|Jun mean C = 16.8
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 18.8
|Sep mean C = 15.3
|Oct mean C = 11.6
|Nov mean C = 6.9
|Dec mean C = 4.2
|year mean C = 11.0
|Jan low C = 0.6
|Feb low C = 0.6
|Mar low C = 2.4
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 8.1
|Jun low C = 11.0
|Jul low C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 12.7
|Sep low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 3.8
|Dec low C = 1.4
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan record low C = -22.3
|Feb record low C = -21.0
|Mar record low C = -12.8
|Apr record low C = -7.7
|May record low C = -2.6
|Jun record low C = -0.4
|Jul record low C = 1.2
|Aug record low C = 0.9
|Sep record low C = -2.2
|Oct record low C = -8.6
|Nov record low C = -11.5
|Dec record low C = -19.6
|year record low C = -22.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 47.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 43.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 39.8
|May precipitation mm = 56.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 59.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 56.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 48.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 49.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 59.4
|year precipitation mm = 601.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 10.2
|Feb precipitation days = 9.7
|Mar precipitation days = 9.1
|Apr precipitation days = 8.5
|May precipitation days = 9.8
|Jun precipitation days = 9.3
|Jul precipitation days = 8.3
|Aug precipitation days = 8.2
|Sep precipitation days = 7.9
|Oct precipitation days = 8.4
|Nov precipitation days = 9.9
|Dec precipitation days = 11.7
|year precipitation days = 110.9
|Jan sun = 62.9
|Feb sun = 81.9
|Mar sun = 140.5
|Apr sun = 186.6
|May sun = 214.2
|Jun sun = 222.1
|Jul sun = 228.8
|Aug sun = 216.7
|Sep sun = 169.6
|Oct sun = 115.0
|Nov sun = 65.5
|Dec sun = 53.3
|year sun = 1758.8
|source 1 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-7-p67.php
| title = Climate normals for France 1991–2020
| language = fr
| publisher = Météo Climat
| access-date = 16 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=90
| title = Extreme values for Reims
| language = fr
| publisher = Météo Climat
| access-date = 16 June 2019}}</ref>
| date = June 2019
}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Reims is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Les villes jumelées avec Reims|url=https://www.reims.fr/la-ville-de-reims/decouvrez-reims/les-villes-jumelees-avec-reims|publisher=Reims|language=fr|access-date=2022-11-23}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Florence]], Italy (1954)
*{{flagicon|COG}} [[Brazzaville]], Congo (1961)
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[City of Canterbury|Canterbury]], England, United Kingdom (1962)
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Salzburg]], Austria (1964)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Aachen]], Germany (1967)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Arlington County]], United States (2004)
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Kutná Hora]], Czech Republic (2008)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagoya]], Japan (2018)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Archbishop of Reims]]
* [[Battle of Reims (disambiguation)|Battle of Reims]]
* [[Biscuit rose de Reims]]
* [[Champagne (province)]]
* [[Champagne Riots]]
* [[Reims Aviation]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Reims#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Reims}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.reims.fr/}} {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.reims-tourisme.com/ Tourist office (L'Office de Tourisme de Reims) website] {{in lang|en|fr}}

{{Cities in France}}
{{Marne communes}}
{{Sister bar|auto=y}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Reims| ]]
[[Category:Champagne (province)]]
[[Category:Cities in France]]
[[Category:Communes of Marne (department)]]
[[Category:Gallia Belgica]]
[[Category:Remi]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]