Editing Reinhard Bendix

{{Short description|German-American sociologist (1916–1991)}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox academic
| name                      = Reinhard Bendix
| image                     = 
| alt                       = 
| caption                   = 
| birth_name                = 
| birth_date                = {{birth date|1916|2|25}}
| birth_place               = [[Berlin]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date                = {{death date and age|1991|2|28|1916|2|25}}
| death_place               = [[Berkeley, California]], U.S.
| resting_place             = 
| residence                 = 
| other_names               = 
| education                 = [[University of Chicago]]
| alma_mater                = 
| occupation                = {{Hlist | [[Political scientist]] | [[sociologist]]}}
| workplaces                = [[University of Chicago]]<br>[[University of Colorado Boulder]]<br>[[University of California, Berkeley]]
| known_for                 = 
| doctoral_advisor          = [[Charles Edward Merriam]]<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>
| notable_students          = [[Charles Perrow]]
| notable_works             = 
| style                     = 
| spouse                    = 
| awards                    = 
}}

'''Reinhard Bendix''' (February 25, 1916 – February 28, 1991) was a German-American [[Sociology|sociologist]].<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>

==Life and career==

Born in [[Berlin]], [[German Empire|Germany]], in 1916, he briefly belonged to [[Neu Beginnen]] and [[Hashomer Hatzair]], groups that resisted the [[Nazis]]. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States. He received his B.A. (1941), M.A. (1943), and PhD (1947) from the [[University of Chicago]], and subsequently taught there from 1943 to 1946. He then taught for a year in the Sociology Department of the [[University of Colorado Boulder]] before moving to the Department of Sociology at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], in 1947 where he remained for the rest of his career.<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>

In 1969 Bendix was elected President of the [[American Sociological Association]]. From 1968 to 1970 he served as Director of the [[University of California]] Education Abroad Program in [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]]. In 1972 he joined the Department of Political Science at Berkeley.

He held guest professorships at numerous universities, including at [[Columbia University]], [[St Catherine's College, Oxford|St. Catherine's]] and [[Nuffield College, Oxford|Nuffield Colleges]] at the [[University of Oxford]], the [[Free University of Berlin]], the [[University of Constance]], [[Hebrew University]] in [[Jerusalem]], and the [[University of Heidelberg]].

Bendix built bridges between American and European sociology, and regarded himself as a mediator. Bendix introduced to American sociologists a new perspective, the comparative-historical studies, moving beyond their local boundaries. He argued that the constellations of legitimating ideas were not mere reflections of life conditions, or social structure, but independent and real forces. In his terms Americans may better understand their own history through its relation to the histories of European nations. The methodological problems raised by such comparisons could have inspired him to propose a philosophy of history, but that was not his goal.<ref name="cdlib" />

Bendix, who was deeply devoted to teaching, died in Berkeley, California, in 1991 of a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] shortly after conducting a graduate seminar together with a young colleague.

==Awards==
In the course of his lifetime, Bendix received many honors,<ref name="Smelser 1991"/> including fellowships from the [[Fulbright Program]] and the [[Guggenheim Fellowship|Guggenheim]], a grant from the [[Carnegie Corporation]], as well as being named a Fellow at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], and was accepted into both the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] and [[Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin]]. 

He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1969.<ref name="AAAS" /> Bendix was a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] and received honorary doctorates from the [[University of Leeds]], [[University of Mannheim|Mannheim]], and [[University of Göttingen|Göttingen]].

''Work and Authority in Industry'' (1956) won the American Sociological Association's McIver prize in 1958.<ref name="Smelser 1991">{{cite journal |last1=Smelser |first1=Neil J. |title=Reinhard Bendix (1916–1991) |journal=International Sociology |date=1 December 1991 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=481–485 |doi=10.1177/026858091006004009 |s2cid=144718407 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/026858091006004009 |language=en |issn=0268-5809|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Academic research==

Bendix's major works are: 
*''Work and Authority in Industry'' (1956)
*''Social Mobility in Industrial Society'' (1959), coauthored with [[Seymour Martin Lipset]]
*''Class, Status and Power'' (1958, 1966), also with Lipset, is an anthology.
*''Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait'' (1960)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hughes |first=Everett C. |date=1961 |title=Review of Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/177921 |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=341–348 |issn=0010-4175}}</ref>
*''Nation-Building and Citizenship'' (1964, 1976)
*''Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule'' (1976)<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>

===''Nation-Building and Citizenship''===
[[Neil Smelser]] holds that Bendix's book ''Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order'' (1964) "stressed Weber's historical-comparative work on politics" and "stands as a unique contribution to the sociology of modernisation, but it both extended and criticised that tradition, which held sway in the 1950s and 1960s."<ref name="Smelser 1991"/> He notes that Bendix drew attention to the international phenomena of leadership and followership and this "internationalized" the study of social and political development before the appearance of [[dependency theory]] and [[world-systems theory]] in sociology.<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>

The book popularized the study of European [[State-building|state building]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Ertman|first=Thomas|title=State Formation and State Building in Europe|date=2003|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/handbook-of-political-sociology/state-formation-and-state-building-in-europe/5BC037DE5DC84F792A2A405B3E48E73A|work=The Handbook of Political Sociology: States, Civil Societies, and Globalization|pages=367–383|editor-last=Hicks|editor-first=Alexander M.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52620-3|editor2-last=Schwartz|editor2-first=Mildred A.|editor3-last=Alford|editor3-first=Robert R.|editor4-last=Janoski|editor4-first=Thomas}}</ref>

===''Kings or People''===
Bendix's ''Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule'' (1976) is a comparative-historical work of great sweep. It traces the histories of many societies that experienced a transition from absolutist to democratic rule.<ref name="Smelser 1991"/>

==Selected publications==
===Books===
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Bendix |editor-first1=Reinhard |editor-mask1=1 |editor-last2=Lipset |editor-first2=Seymour Martin |date=1953 |title=Class, Status and Power: A Reader in Social Stratification |publication-place=Glencoe, Ill. |publisher=Free Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1956 |title=Work and Authority in Industry: Ideologies of Management in the Course of Industrialization |publication-place=New York |publisher=John Wiley and Sons}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bendix |first1=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |last2=Lipset |first2=Seymour Martin |date=1959 |title=Social Mobility in Industrial Society |publication-place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1960 |title=Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait |publication-place=New York |publisher=Doubleday}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1964 |title=Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order |publication-place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1978 |title=Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule |publication-place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1984 |title=Force, Fate and Freedom |publication-place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1986 |title=From Berlin to Berkeley |publication-place=London |publisher=Routledge}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1988 |title=Embattled Reason. Vol. 1: Essays on Social Knowledge |publication-place=New Brunswick, NJ |publisher=Transaction Publishers}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1989 |title=Embattled Reason. Vol. 2: Essays on Social Knowledge |publication-place=London |publisher=Routledge}}
* {{cite book |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1993 |title=Unsettled Affinities |publication-place=London |publisher=Routledge}}

===Articles===
* {{cite journal |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1952 |title=Social Stratification and Political Power |journal=American Political Science Review |volume=46 |number=2 |pages=357–375|doi=10.2307/1950834 |jstor=1950834 |s2cid=145083994 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1963 |title=Concepts and Generalizations in Comparative Sociological Studies. |journal=American Sociological Review |volume=28 |number=4 |pages=532–539|doi=10.2307/2090069 |jstor=2090069 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1967 |title=Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered. |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=9 |number=3 |pages=292–346|doi=10.1017/S0010417500004540 |s2cid=145740744 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=1974 |title=Inequality and Social Structure: A Comparison of Marx and Weber. |journal=American Sociological Review |volume=39 |number=2 |pages=149–161|doi=10.2307/2094228 |jstor=2094228 |s2cid=147539565 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Bendix |first=Reinhard |author-mask=1 |date=Winter 1990 |title=State, Legitimation, and 'Civil Society' |journal=[[Telos (journal)|Telos]] |volume=86 |publication-place=New York |publisher=Telos Press}}

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Comparative historical research}}
* {{annotated link|Historical sociology}}
* {{annotated link|Stein Rokkan}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="AAAS">{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=June 2, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="cdlib">[http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4t1nb2bd&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00004&toc.id Reinhard Bendix, Political Science; Sociology: Berkeley, California University]</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4t1nb2bd&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00004&toc.depth=1&toc.id= "Reinhard Bendix, Political Science; Sociology: Berkeley" – Biography from the University of California, Berkeley (Calisphere)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gnf9hdfkUA Reinhard Bendix Video]

{{American Sociological Association presidents}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bendix, Reinhard}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:American sociologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States]]
[[Category:German sociologists]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Sociological Association]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:German male writers]]
[[Category:Jews in the German resistance]]
[[Category:Max Weber scholars]]
[[Category:University of Colorado Boulder faculty]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]