Editing Remote broadcast

{{Short description|Broadcasting not done in a formal studio}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
In [[broadcast engineering]], a '''remote broadcast''' (usually just called a '''remote''' or a '''live remote''', or in news parlance, a '''live shot''') is [[broadcasting]] done from a location away from a formal [[television studio|television]] or [[radio studio]] and is considered an [[electronic field production]] (EFP). A [[remote pickup unit]] (RPU) is usually used to [[Transmission (telecommunications)|transmit]] the [[Sound|audio]] and/or [[video]] back to the [[Television station|broadcast station]], where it joins the normal [[airchain]].  Other methods include [[satellite truck]]s, [[production truck]]s and even [[Plain old telephone service|regular]] [[telephone]] lines if necessary.

==History==
The first airing of a remote broadcast came in 1924, when [[Loews Cineplex Entertainment|Loew's Theater]] publicist and WHN (New York City) station manager [[Nils Granlund]] leased telegraph lines from [[Western Union]] to provide the first link in what became called cabaret broadcasting."<ref>''American Babel''; Doerksen, Clifford J.;University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005; Page 32.</ref> By early 1925, Granlund had established remote lines between WHN and more than thirty New York City jazz nightclubs, including the Silver Slipper, The Parody Club, the [[Cotton Club]], the Strand Roof, and Club Moritz. These [[big band remote]]s would become a staple of the [[old-time radio]] era, lasting well into the 1950s.

Nils T. Granlund cited the 1925 WHN airing of Senator [[Jimmy Walker|James J. Walker]]'s announcement of his New York City mayoral candidacy through a remote broadcast from the New York Press Club as the first such remote link for a political forum.<ref>''Blondes, Brunettes, and Bullets''; Granlund, Nils T.;Van Rees Press, New York, 1957; Page 102.</ref>

In Latin America on 27 October 1920, Dr Sussini made the first remote transmission in Argentina from the theatre El Coliseo in Buenos Aires. In Mexico on 27 September 1921, Adolfo Gomez Fernandez made a transmission from the Teatro Ideal, Mexico DF<ref>Radio World Magazine, edited in USA, 2 January 2002, page 15</ref>

The very first live remote broadcast to the nation was by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1938 when Frank Willis reported on the Moose River Gold Mine disaster in Nova Scotia http://archives.cbc.ca/economy_business/natural_resources/clips/3860/

On 11 June 1955, NBC, The National Broadcasting Company, provided the 1st live remote broadcast to the nation from Niagara Falls, New York.<ref>Buffalo Evening News, Buffalo, NY, 11 June 1955</ref>

==Radio==
In [[radio]], remotes are often used for special events, such as concerts or sporting events, where either the entire event or advertisements for the event are broadcast on location. The cost of personnel and equipment is usually paid for by the host at each performance. However, if the event is recurring, such as a weekly broadcast from a [[nightclub]], then dedicated lines are usually installed by the local telephone company in order to save on costs. With low range radio stations, and at events with no telephone lines, several radio stations will call into the studio request line with a cell phone and microphone setup. From there, another DJ in the studio will put them on-location live on the air via the studio request line. Some stations use this method when doing live broadcasts in areas where the signal is weak.

Originally, [[analog audio]] broadcasts were sent through [[telephone hybrid]]s, which, although low quality, were found to be acceptable for voice broadcasts. Later, [[frequency extender]]s were developed that used additional lines, shifting higher [[Treble (sound)|treble]] [[audio frequencies]] down on one end and back up on the other, providing a reasonable reproduction of the original [[sound]]. Currently, digital lines, such as [[ISDN]] or [[DSL]], are used to send [[audio data compression|compressed]] [[digital audio]] back to the studio.  In addition, modern remote pickup units have become extremely portable and can transmit single-channel [[monaural|monophonic]] [[FM broadcasting|FM]]-quality audio over regular telephone lines using built-in modems and advanced compression algorithms ([[MPEG-4]], etc.).  See [[POTS codec]].

==Television==
{{Main|Outside broadcasting}}
<!-- perhaps article should be merged with this one, or this section should be moved to that article-->[[File:CTV at Toronto police HQ 2023 jeh.jpg|thumb|Remote report at Toronto Police HQ]]
In [[TV]], [[live television]] remotes are an almost [[Day|daily]] part of [[television news]] broadcasts in the U.S.  As a part of [[electronic news gathering]] (ENG), remotes are meant to bring the [[audience]] to the scene of the action.

To get to the scene quickly, a live remote may be done from a [[helicopter]].

[[Live television]] remotes may often be used in a manner similar to radio remotes (and vice versa) as well.

==See also==
* [[Remote recording]]
* [[Remote integration model]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Remote Broadcast}}
[[Category:Broadcast engineering]]