Editing Rescue

{{Short description|Operations for life saving, removal from danger and liberation from restrain}}
{{Other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2007}}
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=400
| image1 = Gebirgstrage02 Patient Seilsicherung.jpg
| image2 = 101st Rescue Squadron - Hurricane Katrina Rescue.jpg
| image3 = Offloading a Distressed Swimmer (48808615411).jpg
| image4 = Paramedics extract a patient in a car accident.jpg
| footer = [[Rescue team]]s use a wide variety of specialised equipment and may need to operate in dangerous or precarious conditions.
}}
[[File:Chute de hauteur.jpg|thumb|Rescue cushion]]

'''Rescue''' comprises responsive operations that usually involve the saving of [[life]], removal from danger, liberation from restraint, or the urgent treatment of [[injury|injuries]] after an incident. It may be facilitated by a range of tools and equipment necessary to deal with the specific circumstances.

Rescues may be necessary in a wide range of circumstances and environments, and specialised procedures have been developed for many of these. A rescue may also be performed on an ad hoc basis by the people who are available on site, using equipment available on site or assembled from available materials, particularly when the rescue is urgent or it is unlikely that specialist assistance will be available within a reasonable time. First aid medical attention is often closely associated with rescue, and may be a necessary part of a rescue.

[[Equipment]] used might include [[search and rescue dog]]s, [[mounted search and rescue]] [[horse]]s, [[helicopter]]s, the "[[Hydraulic rescue tools|jaws of life]]", and other [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] cutting and spreading [[tool]]s used to [[vehicle extrication|extricate]] occupants from wrecked [[vehicle]]s.  Rescue operations may be supported by [[rescue vehicle]]s operated by [[rescue squad]]s.

[[Search and rescue|Search]]es are often associated with rescues when persons are missing and likely to be in danger.

[[Body recovery]] is also closely associated with rescue operations, and may be subject to different legal constraints. Occupational safety and health legislation may be waived for rescue operations where there is a realistic probability of saving a life, but not for body recovery.

Interspecies rescue can occur when people rescue animals, when animals are part of a rescue team, and less often, when animals rescue people on their own initiative.

[[Self-rescue]] is the process of getting out of an emergency by one's own efforts as an individual or a group.

==Definition and meaning==
Merriam-Webster defines ''rescue'' as to free from confinement, danger, or evil, including to forcibly take someone or something from custody or relieve them from attack.<ref name="Merriam-Webster" >{{cite web |title=Rescue |work=Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rescue |access-date=27 March 2024 }}</ref> ''Rescue'' also implies that the danger is imminent and the action is generally prompt or vigorous.<ref name='M-W thesaurus" >{{cite web |title=Rescue |work=Thesaurus |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/rescue |access-date=27 March 2024 }}</ref>

==Circumstances requiring rescue==
Circumstances that lead to the necessity for rescue can develop due to bad luck, when the events were not foreseeable, duty, where there is known risk, but the person is legally or ethically obliged to take the risk, through voluntary assumption of reasonable risk in the pursuit of profit, knowledge, entertainment or other perceived reward, ignorance of risk foreseeable by a well informed person, denial of obvious risk, or intentional exposure to obvious risk.{{cn|date=March 2024}}
{{expand section||date=March 2024}}

==Ethics==
{{see also|Rule of Rescue}}
It is a common belief that one has a duty to rescue other people from serious and imminent danger when the risk and cost to oneself is low. This duty is not easily explained as part of a broader [[consequentialist]] requirement to prevent harm, nor is it a duty of [[social justice]] owed between citizens as part of a social contract for mutual protection. It is rather a duty of justice in its own right that is based on the direct encounter between the rescuer and the persons in danger, which limits its scope. The situation may be complicated when there are more than one person in a position to contribute towards rescue efforts, and the responsibility is diffused amongst the group until it has been fairly allocated among those present, at which stage justice requires each to discharge their own share, though it would be considered a humanitarian duty to compensate for inadequate response by other persons for whatever reason.<ref name="Miller 2019" >{{cite journal |last=Miller |first=D |date=2019 |title=The Nature and Limits of the Duty of Rescue |journal=Journal of Moral Philosophy |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1163/17455243-20193018 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e3bdd6a3-5946-4e36-9294-1bb1ad194785 }}</ref>

As a general rule, a higher level of risk may be acceptable for actions more likely to result in successful rescue of a larger number of people, or of a person or persons of higher value to the rescuer.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==Law==
Laws relating to rescue operations may constrain the activities of the rescuers by limiting the level of risk they may be exposed to under the direction of an employer (occupational safety legislation). The level of risk a [[Competence (law)|competent]] person may voluntarily expose themself to may be significantly higher. 

Liability for compensation for loss or injury during a rescue is a complex matter.<ref name="Rescue principle" />

{{expand section|Rescue principle in law, available at<ref name="Rescue principle" /> |date=March 2024}}

==Types of rescue operations==
Some rescue operations require a high degree of [[competence (human resources)|competence]] and are usually performed by specialist [[rescue squad]]s with appropriate training, either independent or part of larger organizations such as [[fire department|fire]], [[police]], [[military]], [[first aid]], or [[ambulance]] services.  In the U.S., they are usually staffed by medically trained personnel as [[National Fire Protection Association|NFPA]] regulations require it.{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}

Other rescues can be performed by any able bodied person who happens to be available at the time, using tools and equipment as may be available. There may be legal protection for non-specialist persons performing rescues for which they are not technically qualified in an emergency, in case they accidentally harm anyone or damage or trespass on property while attempting an apparently urgent rescue. Laws will vary depending on jurisdiction.

Special situations involving rescue, and specialised rescue equipment, include the following topics:
* {{annotated link|Air-sea rescue|aka=Aeronautical and maritime search and rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Cave rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Combat search and rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Confined space rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Diver rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Hostage rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Lifesaving}}
* {{annotated link|Mine rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Mountain rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Rope rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Search and rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Self rescue (climbing)}}
* {{annotated link|Submarine rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Surf lifesaving}}
* {{annotated link|Surface water rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Swift water rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Technical rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Urban search and rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Vehicle extrication}}
* {{annotated link|Wilderness search and rescue}}

==Rescue equipment==
<!-- blue annotated links do not need a citation, red links need a citation to verify that the item is real, local annotations need a reference-->

Rescue equipment can be any [[equipment]] used for the purpose of rescue, but particularly equipment designed, manufactured, and marketed for rescue applications. Ropes and special equipment may be used to reach and remove living people and animals from difficult locations. Some equipment may be carried by people or vehicles intended to facilitate rescue if an incident occurs. This is usually a transponder to broadcast a distress signal allowing the location to be established.

* {{annotated link|Airborne lifeboat}}
* {{annotated link|Avalanche cord}}
* {{annotated link|Avalanche transceiver}}
* {{annotated link|Breeches buoy}}
* {{annotated link|Carley float}}
* {{annotated link|Controlled Impact Rescue Tool}}
* {{annotated link|Dahlbusch Bomb}}
* {{annotated link|Deep-submergence rescue vehicle}}
* {{annotated link|Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon|abbreviation=EPIRB}}
* {{annotated link|Fénix capsules}}
* {{annotated link|Fulton surface-to-air recovery system}}
* {{annotated link|Helicopter flight rescue system}}
* {{annotated link|Helicopter rescue basket}}
* {{annotated link|Hydraulic rescue tool|aka=Jaws of life}}
* {{annotated link|Jason's cradle}}
* {{annotated link|Kendrick extrication device}}
* {{annotated link|Lifeboat (rescue)}}
* {{annotated link|Lindholme Gear}}
* {{annotated link|Line thrower}}
* {{annotated link|Litter (rescue basket)}}
* {{annotated link|McCann Rescue Chamber}}
* {{annotated link|Personal Rescue Enclosure}}
* {{annotated link|Rescue robot}}
* {{annotated link|Rescue sling|aka=Rescue strop}}, a device made for lifting a casualty, commonly out of a body of water.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sosmarine.com/product/sb-rescue-sling-sos-5604/ |title=SB Rescue Sling SOS-5604 |website=SB Rescue Sling SOS-5604 |access-date=26 March 2024 }}</ref>
* {{annotated link|Rescue tether|aka=Rescue rope}}
* {{annotated link|Scoop stretcher}}
* {{annotated link|Spinal board|aka=Trauma board}}
* {{annotated link|Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System}}
* {{annotated link|Submarine rescue ship}}
* {{annotated link|Throw bag|aka=throw line}}

==Rescue personnel==
* {{annotated link|Aviation Survival Technician}}
* {{annotated link|Para-SAR}}
* {{annotated link|Proto team}}
* {{annotated link|Public safety diver}}
* {{annotated link|Rescue swimmer}}
* {{annotated link|Rescue diver}}
* {{annotated link|Rescue squad}}
* {{annotated link|Ski patrol}}
* {{annotated link|Stand-by diver}}
* {{annotated link|United States Air Force Pararescue}}

==Topics of the same name==
{{split section|reason=different topics, not primary|date=March 2024}}
{{see also |Rescue (disambiguation)}}
Rescue is a potent theme in human [[psychology]], both from mortal perils and moral perils, and is often treated in [[fiction]], with the rescue of a [[damsel in distress]] being a notable trope. Psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] introduced the concept of "rescue fantasies" by men pursuing "fallen women" in his 1910 work "A Special Type of Choice of Object Made by Men";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/psychology/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/rescue-fantasies|title=Rescue Fantasies}}</ref> Freud's insight into this aspect of male psychology might retain merit, though his proposed [[Oedipus complex]] used to frame this concept is no longer in vogue. Within the practice of [[psychoanalysis]], the term has taken on the additional sense concerning therapists' desire to 'rescue' their clients.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3588785/|title=Rescue fantasies|author=A H Esman|journal=The Psychoanalytic Quarterly |year=1987 |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=263–270 |doi=10.1080/21674086.1987.11927175 |pmid=3588785 }}</ref>

Historically, '''rescue''' could refer to an act of property seizure in service of an unpaid debt. For example, there is record of a countryman living in the vicinity of present-day [[Wythenshawe]] being [[prosecutor|prosecuted]] in a local court for "making rescue" of a pig which had been seized as a [[distraint|distress]] for non-payment of money owed.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Animal rescue group|Animal rescue}}
* {{annotated link|Civil defense}}
* {{annotated link|Emergency management}}
* {{annotated link|Extraction (military)}}
* {{annotated link|Helping behavior}}
* {{annotated link|Hero}}
* {{annotated link|International Rescue Corps}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=



<ref name="Rescue principle" >{{cite journal |title=The Rescue Principle |date=1967 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1967.tb01136.x |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1967.tb01136.x |last1=Tiley |first1=J. |journal=The Modern Law Review |volume=30 |pages=25–45 }}</ref>


}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|rescue}}
* [https://www.psychvarsity.com/Psychology-Of-Rescue The Psychology of Rescue - Unveiling the Mental Dynamics Behind Helping Others]
* {{Wiktionary-inline|rescue}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Rescue}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rescue| ]]