Editing Research Science Institute

{{Short description|American high school summer research program}}
[[Image:Research Science Institute logo.jpg|thumb|200px|The RSI Logo]]
The '''Research Science Institute''' ('''RSI''') is an international summer [[research]] program for [[high school]] students. RSI is sponsored by the [[Center for Excellence in Education]] (CEE) and hosted by the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. RSI brings together the top STEM talent from around the world for the opportunity to conduct original scientific research, cost-free, for six weeks during the summer before their final year of high school.

==History==
The Research Science Institute was founded in 1984 by [[Hyman G. Rickover|Admiral H.G. Rickover]] and Joann P. DiGennaro. It was originally called the "Rickover Science Institute" until the 1986 session, when it was renamed to its current name. The original name is also the source of the nickname of RSI attendees, "Rickoids".

== Program ==
RSI is run by CEE president Joann P. DiGennaro and Executive Vice President Maite P. Ballestero. 100 students from several countries (generally, two-thirds of the students are from the United States and one-third from other countries) are selected to participate in the six-week summer program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://math.mit.edu/research/highschool/rsi/index.php|title=RSI {{!}} MIT Mathematics|website=math.mit.edu|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>  More than 4,000 applications are received each year, making RSI one of the most selective summer programs in the United States and the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristenmoon/2019/01/02/what-does-it-take-to-get-into-the-ultra-competitive-research-science-institute-rsi/#30c8ee4126a9|title=What Does It Take To Get Into The Ultra-Competitive Research Science Institute (RSI)?|website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref>

The first week of RSI is composed of tutorials and seminars on contemporary research of interest by esteemed Professors from top universities, many of whom are alumni. The next four weeks are centered on individual research projects through mentors in the Boston area, the majority being at labs at MIT, Harvard and other local universities. The last week is devoted to paper and presentation writing, following by the RSI Final Symposium, and encore presentations, which features the top 10 presentations decided by academic staff at RSI. After that, the top 5 presentations are determined by a panel of industry leaders in research and STEM.

The RSI Distinguished Lecture Series, which continues throughout the program, brings distinguished professors, scientists, and industry leaders in STEM, including a number of [[Nobel laureate]]s, many of whom are RSI alumni, to speak to RSI students in evening lecture-style format. In recent years{{when|date=November 2016}}, the RSI Distinguished Lecture Series has included Nobel Prize-winning physicist [[Wolfgang Ketterle]], Nobel Prize-winning chemist [[Dudley Herschbach]], Nobel Prize-winning geneticist [[Phillip Sharp]], evolutionary biologist [[Pardis Sabeti]], mathematician and chess master [[Noam Elkies]], [[Akamai Technologies]] co-founder and CEO [[Tom Leighton]], and mathematician [[Michael Sipser]].  RSI's staff is generally composed primarily, if not entirely, of alumni, with recent Rickoids (RSI alumni, from the Institute's original name) filling in as counselors and TAs and older alumni taking administrative, lecturing, or tutoring positions.

==Location==
Though it has convened at various locations (including two years, 1990 and 2004, when the program was held concurrently on both coasts of the US, at [[University of California, San Diego|UC San Diego]] and [[The George Washington University]] in 1989-1991, and [[Caltech]] and [[MIT]] in 2004), the Institute is most often associated with MIT, where it has been held every summer since 1992, for various reasons including availability of local mentorships (with [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], [[MIT]], and [[Harvard Medical School]] all within a few minutes of central campus) and convenience of facilities. The program participants were housed in East Campus through 2003, Simmons Hall from 2004-2013, Fariborz Maseeh Hall from 2014-2017, MacGregor House in 2018, and Baker House in 2019. In 2020 and 2021, however, RSI went fully virtual due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 23, 2020|title=RSI 2020 Goes Virtual|url=https://www.cee.org/news-events/press-media/rsi-2020-goes-virtual|website=Center of Excellence In Education}}</ref> RSI returned to in-person in 2022, and participants were housed in Next House. In 2023 and 2024, participants were housed again in Baker House. This upcoming summer, participants will be housed in Fariborz Maseeh Hall.

==Similar programs in other countries==
In 2006, a new program, RSI-Fudan, (Chinese name: [http://www.rsi.fudan.edu.cn/2006/ 未来科学家夏令营]) was held at [[Fudan University]] in [[Shanghai, China]] for Chinese students.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rsi.fudan.edu.cn/2006/ |title=RSI-Fudan |access-date=2006-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218172038/http://www.rsi.fudan.edu.cn/2006/ |archive-date=2007-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thirty-five local students were selected from key high schools to participate in the program and the staff was composed with previous Rickoids and [[Center for Excellence in Education|CEE]]/[[Fudan]] affiliates from both the U.S. and China.  Five years later, in 2011, another new program, the Saudi Research Science Institute, or SRSI, was founded, and held at [[King Abdullah University of Science and Technology]] in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.  In the first year of SRSI (2011), twenty-five scientifically talented students were selected and attended a six-week session modeled on RSI. The number of students was increased to forty in 2012 and 2013 and to forty-five in 2014. In the summer of 2015, the inaugural RSI Tsinghua was held in Beijing for the very first time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cee.org/research-science-initiative-tsinghua-university|title=Research Science Initiative at Tsinghua University {{!}} Center for Excellence in Education|website=www.cee.org|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> As an official cooperation between the CEE and [[Tsinghua University]], this program held research experiences for 34 outstanding high school students in China. In Sweden, Research Academy for Young Scientists (RAYS) takes place annually for 21 incoming high school seniors who are most qualified in STEM.

In 2009, Center for Excellence in Education started the first chapter in India in the city of Chennai, It was called Research Science Initiative-Chennai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cee.org/international-outreach|title=International Outreach}}</ref> It is an intensive four-week program held at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. This was in collaboration with the PSBB Group of Schools, IIT Madras, Chennai Mathematical Institute, SASTRA University and other leading institutions in the fields of science and technology. This was with the support of all secondary schools in Chennai from where the students were selected. After a pilot program in 2009, it was expanded the following year with Ms. Joann P. DiGennaro presiding over the valediction.

A similar program, Summer Research School in mathematics and informatics, has been running in Bulgaria since 2001. It is intended for high school students with profound interests in mathematics, informatics (computer science) and IT. At first, the program was attended each year by 40 Bulgarian students but now in accepts international students. In 2016 the Summer Research School was attended by 50 students, of whom 9 were international. The program is organized by the High School Student Institute of Mathematics and Informatics.

The Science Research Programme<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/programmes/gifted-education-programme/special-programmes/science-research-programme|title=Science Research Programme (SRP)|website=www.moe.gov.sg|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> in Singapore was modeled after RSI.

==Alumni==
Computer security researcher [[Brian LaMacchia]] attended RSI in 1985. American computer scientist [[Michael Mitzenmacher]] and Indian-American string theorist [[Shamit Kachru]] attended RSI in 1986.<ref name="outstanding">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cee.org/news/cee-announces-30-outstanding-alumni-stem-and-business|title=CEE ANNOUNCES 30 OUTSTANDING ALUMNI IN STEM and BUSINESS {{!}} Center for Excellence in Education|website=www.cee.org|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> American mathematician [[Christopher Skinner]] attended RSI in 1988.<ref name=outstanding /> [[Fields Medal]]ist [[Terence Tao]] and Indian mathematician [[Kannan Soundararajan]] attended RSI in 1989.<ref name="alumni">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cee.org/alumni-honors|title=Alumni Honors {{!}} Center for Excellence in Education|website=www.cee.org|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> American geneticist [[David Reich (geneticist)|David Reich]] attended RSI in 1991.<ref name=outstanding /> Taiwanese-American chemist [[Alice Ting]] attended RSI in 1991.<ref name=outstanding /> [[ActBlue]] was founded by two 1994 RSI participants, Benjamin Rahn and Matt DeBergalis.<ref>[https://www.cee.org/sites/default/files/newsletters/cee_fall_2011.pdf Centerline, Fall 2011]</ref> [[Evanston, Illinois]] mayor [[Daniel Biss]] attended RSI in 1994.<ref>[https://www.cee.org/about-us/1994-rickoids 1994 Rickoids]</ref> [[Pinterest]] co-founder [[Ben Silbermann]] and American physicist [[Jeremy England]] attended RSI in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cee.org/news/rsi-alumni-named-rising-stars-forbes-magazine |title=RSI ALUMNI NAMED RISING STARS BY FORBES MAGAZINE &#124; Center for Excellence in Education |accessdate=2014-12-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110230042/http://cee.org/news/rsi-alumni-named-rising-stars-forbes-magazine |archivedate=2013-11-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/307104|title=4 Success Lessons From the Entrepreneur Who Quietly Grew Pinterest Into a $12 Billion Company|date=9 January 2018}}</ref> [[Optogenetics]] and [[CRISPR gene editing]] pioneer [[Feng Zhang]] attended RSI in 1999.<ref name=outstanding /> Four-time [[Putnam Fellow]] and current [[Stanford]] economics professor [[Gabriel Carroll]] attended RSI in 2000.<ref>[https://www.cee.org/about-us/2000-rickoids 2000 Rickoids]</ref> American astrophysicist [[Henry Lin (astronomer)|Henry Lin]] attended RSI in 2012.<ref>[https://www.cee.org/about-us/2012-rickoids 2012 Rickoids]</ref>

As of 2022, 191 finalists, 697 semifinalists, and 12 1st-place winners in the [[Regeneron Science Talent Search]] have been RSI alumni. In the [[Siemens Competition]], 243 finalists and semifinalists, and three 1st-place winners have been RSI alumni. As of 2022, 13 [[Rhodes Scholars]] and 15 [[Marshall Scholars]] have been RSI alumni.<ref name=alumni />

Here is the complete list of "Rickoid of the Year" winners since the award's inception:<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.cee.org/about-us/alumni/rickoid-year-winners | title = Rickoid of the Year Winners | website = Center for Excellence in Education | access-date = 9 January 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
|-
| 1984
| Kevin Murdock
|-
| 1985
| Karl Rumelhart
|-
| 1986
| Tess Hildebrand
|-
| 1987
| Dallas Wrege
|-
| 1988
| Peggy Hsia, Karl Wirth
|-
| 1989
| Jed Macosko
|-
| 1990
| Raga Ramachandran, Oliver Rando
|-
| 1991
| Susan S. Lee
|-
| 1992
| Ravi Kamath
|-
| 1993
| Erin Lynch, Josh McDermott
|-
| 1994
| [[Daniel Biss]]
|-
| 1995
| Bruce Haggerty
|-
| 1996
| Jay Sengupta
|-
| 1997
| Sapan Shah
|-
| 1998
| [[Jeremy England]]
|-
| 1999
| Zackary Stone
|-
| 2000
| Nate Craig
|-
| 2001
| Sheel Ganatra
|-
| 2002
| Steve Byrnes
|-
| 2003
| Arup Sarma
|-
| 2004
| Johann Komander, Nick Semenkovich
|-
| 2005
| Huan Liu
|-
| 2006
| Dexian Lim
|-
| 2007
| Christina Chang, Paul Kominers
|-
| 2008
| Varoon Bashyakarla
|-
| 2009
| Anjali Balakrishnan
|-
| 2010
| Samih Kabalane
|-
| 2011
| Daniel Pollack
|-
| 2012
| Connor Duffy
|-
| 2013
| Tara Murty, Rajet Vatsa
|-
| 2014
| Kavish Ghandi
|-
| 2015
| David Zhao
|-
| 2016
| Kathy Liu, Joshua Zhou
|-
| 2017
| Syamantak Payra
|-
| 2018
| William Ellsworth, Matthew Tan
|-
| 2019
| Jaehyun (Joshua) Lee
|-
| 2020
| Eldar Urkumbayev
|-
| 2021
| Isabella Quan
|-
| 2022
| Apoorva Panidapu
|-
| 2023
| Minh Nguyen
|-
| 2024
| Amelie Chen
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.cee.org/programs/research-science-institute Research Science Institute]
* [http://www.math.bas.bg/hssi High School Student Institute of Mathematics and Informatics]
* [http://www.math.bas.bg/srs/ Summer Research School]

[[Category:High school research programs]]