Editing Revised Version

{{short description|Late 19th-century British revision of the King James Version}}
{{other uses of|King James Version}}
{{Bible translation infobox 
| image = Revised Version Bible 01.JPG
| caption  = Outer cover of Revised Version of the Bible, bound in leather with a full [[Limp binding#Usage|yapp]]. Published by Oxford in 1885.
| translation_title = Revised Version
| full_name = English Revised Version
| abbreviation = RV{{Efn|The Revised Version can also be found abbreviated as the ERV (English Revised Version).}}
| wikisource = Bible (English Revised Version)
| NT_published = 1881
| OT_published = 1885
| complete_bible_published = 1894
| derived_from=[[Westcott and Hort|1881 Westcott and Hort New Testament Greek Critical Text (WH) which was based upon the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts]]
| textual_basis =
| translation_type = Literal
| copyright = Public domain
| date = 1885
| genesis_1:1-3=In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was waste and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
| john_3:16 = For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have eternal life.
|}}
The '''Revised Version''' ('''RV''') or '''English Revised Version''' ('''ERV''') of the [[Bible]] is a late-19th-century British revision of the [[King James Version]]. It was the first (and remains the only) officially authorised and recognised revision of the King James Version in [[Great Britain]]. The work was entrusted to over 50 scholars from various denominations in Great Britain. American scholars were invited to co-operate, by correspondence.<ref name="Revised Version - CAMBRIDGE">Revised Version - CAMBRIDGE - At the University Press - London: Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Road, N.W., Synopsis</ref> Its [[New Testament]] was published in 1881, its [[Old Testament]] in 1885, and its [[Apocrypha]] in 1894.<ref name="Revised Version - CAMBRIDGE"/> The best known of the translation committee members were [[Brooke Foss Westcott]] and [[Fenton John Anthony Hort]]; their fiercest critics of that period were [[John William Burgon]], [[George Washington Moon]], and [[George Saintsbury]].

== Features ==
The New Testament revision company was commissioned in 1870 by the convocation of Canterbury.<ref>Mark D. Chapman ''New Testament revision company (act. 1870–1881)'', [[ODNB]]</ref> Their stated aim was "to adapt King James' version to the present state of the English language without changing the idiom and vocabulary," and "to adapt it to the present standard of Biblical scholarship." To those ends, the [[Greek language|Greek]] text that was used to translate the New Testament was believed by most to be of higher reliability than the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. The readings used by the revisers were compiled into a new edition of the Greek Testament by [[Edwin Palmer (archdeacon)|Edwin Palmer]].<ref>[[Edwin Palmer (archdeacon)|Palmer, Edwin]], ''ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. The Greek Testament] with the Readings Adopted by the Revisers of the Authorised Version''. London: Simon Wallenberg Press, 2007. {{ISBN|1-84356-023-2}}</ref>

The Revised Version is significant in the history of English Bible translation for many reasons. At the time of the RV's publication, the nearly 300-year-old King James Version was the main Protestant English Bible in Victorian England. The RV, therefore, is regarded as the forerunner of the entire modern translation tradition. It was also considered more accurate than the King James Version in a number of verses.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

== New version ==
[[File:Revisers of the New Testament.jpg|thumb|right|155px|The Revised Version of the New Testament translators, 1881]]
The revisers were charged with introducing alterations only if they were deemed necessary to be more accurate and faithful to the original [[Koine Greek#Biblical Koine|Greek]] and [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] texts. In the New Testament alone more than 30,000 changes were made, over 5,000 on the basis of what were considered better Greek manuscripts. The work was begun in 1879, with the entire work completed in 1885. (The RV Apocrypha came out in 1894.)<ref name="Revised Version - CAMBRIDGE"/>

The 1885 Revised Version was the first post–King James Version modern English Bible to gain popular acceptance.<ref>[http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/ Greatsite - English Bible History] article & timeline by author & editor John L. Jeffcoat</ref> It was used and quoted favorably by ministers, authors, and theologians in the late 1800s and throughout the 1900s, such as [[Andrew Murray (minister)|Andrew Murray]], [[T. Austin-Sparks]], [[Watchman Nee]], [[H.L. Ellison]], [[F.F. Bruce]], and [[Clarence Larkin]], in their works. Other enhancements introduced in the RV include arrangement of the text into paragraphs, formatting Old Testament [[poetry]] as indented poetic lines instead of [[prose]], and the inclusion of marginal notes to alert the reader to variations in wording in ancient manuscripts.  The Apocrypha in the Revised Version became the first printed edition in English to offer the complete text of Second Esdras, inasmuch as damage to one 9th-century manuscript had caused 70 verses to be omitted from previous editions and printed versions, including the King James Version.

In the United States, the Revised Version was adapted and revised as the "Revised Version, Standard American Edition" (the [[American Standard Version]]) in 1901. The American Standard Version is largely identical to the 1885 Revised Version, with minor variations in wording considered to be slightly more accurate. One noticeable difference is the American Standard Version's much more frequent use of "[[Jehovah]]" to represent the [[Tetragrammaton]] in the Old Testament, rather than "the {{Sc|L|ORD}}" that is used more in the 1885 Revised Version.

The 1885 Revised Version and the 1901 American Revision are among the Bible versions authorized for use in services of the [[Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]] and also of the [[Church of England]].<ref>[http://www.churchpublishing.org/general_convention/pdf_const_2003/Title_II_Worship.pdf The Canons of the General Convention of the Episcopal Church: Canon 2: Of Translations of the Bible] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724114610/https://www.churchpublishing.org/general_convention/pdf_const_2003/Title_II_Worship.pdf |date=2015-07-24 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/lect/scriptver.aspx Versions of Scripture] The Church of England - A Note by the House of Bishops - While the Church of England authorises the Lectionary - what passages are to be read on which occasion - it does not authorize particular translations of the Bible. Nevertheless, among the criteria by which versions of Scripture are judged suitable for reading in church during the course of public worship are the following: 3 Versions of Scripture which are translations and appear to satisfy at least four of the criteria set out in paragraph 1 above include: The Authorized Version or King James Bible (AV), published in 1611, of which a Revised Version was published in 1881-5. Retrieved 5 June 2015.</ref>

==Later history==
The American Standard Version was the basis for many revisions in the first hundred years after it was released. The RV itself has never been the basis for any revision except for the American Standard Version and the Apocrypha in the [[Revised Standard Version]].

As the Revised Version is out of copyright worldwide, it is widely available online and in digital and e-reader formats (although it is significantly less popular than the KJV or the ASV in this manner). However, interest in the 1885 Revised Version has grown in recent years due to the internet, for general research and reference, and study of history of English Bible translations.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Rodney A. |last1=Whitacre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JSCwAAQBAJ&dq=renewed+interest+in+the+revised+version+bible&pg=PT312|title=Using and Enjoying Biblical Greek: Reading the New Testament with Fluency and Devotion|access-date=October 14, 2019}}</ref>    It is sparsely available in printed published form today, with only [[Cambridge University Press]] publishing it in the form of a KJV/RV interlinear.

== See also ==
* [[The New Testament in the Original Greek]]

== Sources ==
*Marlowe, Michael D. [http://www.bible-researcher.com/erv.html "English Revised Version (1881-1895)"]. Retrieved March 22, 2004.
*Hall, Isaac H. (ed.) [http://www.bible-researcher.com/ervhistory.html "History of the English Revised Version (1881)"]. Retrieved March 22, 2004.
* Palmer, Edwin. [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1843560232 ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. The Greek Testament] with the Readings Adopted by the Revisers of the Authorised Version. London: Simon Wallenberg Press, 2007. {{ISBN|1-84356-023-2}}
*Ryken, Leland (2002). ''The Word of God in English''. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. {{ISBN|1-58134-464-3}}
*[[John Burgon|Burgon, John William]] (1883). ''The Revision Revised''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/revisionrevised00burggoog |quote=Revision revised. |title=Revision Revised |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1883 |publisher=John Murray |access-date=2012-04-18}}</ref>
* Bible: Apocrypha, Revised Version. ''The Apocrypha, Translated out of the Greek and Latin Tongues, Being the Version Set forth A.D. 1611 Compared with the Most Ancient Authorities and Revised A.D. 1894, [as] Printed for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge''. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1896. ix, 175 p.

==Further reading==
* Wegner, Paul D. ''Journey from Texts to Translations, The: The Origin and Development of the Bible'', Baker Academic (August 1, 2004), {{ISBN|978-0-8010-2799-4}} &ndash; The Revised Version is described in pages 314ff.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://erv.scripturetext.com/ The text of the RV online]
*[http://ebible.org/eng-rv/index.htm The text of the RV with Apocrypha online]
*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/ervpreface.html Prefaces to the English Revised Version (1881-85)]
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924029309717 The New Testament, in the revised version of 1881, with fuller references (1910)] &ndash; Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press.<br>Editors: Moulton, W. F. (William Fiddian), 1835-1898; Moulton, James Hope, 1863-1917; Greenup, A. W. (Albert William), 1866-1952; Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose, 1813-1891.
*[https://archive.org/details/interlinearbible00camb The interlinear Bible : the Authorised version and the Revised version ; together with the marginal notes of both versions and central references (1907)] &ndash; Cambridge University Press
* {{Librivox author |id=11873}}

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