Editing Ribes triste

{{Short description|Berry and plant}}
{{Speciesbox
 | image = Bottomdollar99730 - Northern Red Currant.jpg
 | image2 = Ribes triste 6 (5098098380).jpg
 | genus = Ribes
 | species = triste
 | authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pall.]] 1797 not [[Turcz.]] 1837
 | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{ThePlantList |id=tro-29100053 |taxon=Ribes triste}}</ref>
 | synonyms = 
*''Coreosma tristis'' <small>(Pall.) Lunell</small>
*''Ribes albinervium'' <small>Michx.</small>
*''Ribes ciliosum'' <small>Howell</small>
*''Ribes melancholicum'' <small>Siev. ex Pall.</small> 
*''Ribes propinquum'' <small>Turcz.</small>
*''Ribes rubrum'' var. ''propinquum'' <small>Trautv. & C.A. Mey.</small>
*''Ribes repens'' <small>A.I. Baranov</small>
}}

'''''Ribes triste''''', known as the '''northern redcurrant''',<ref name=feis>{{FEIS |genus=Ribes |species=triste |type=shrub |last=Ulev |first=Elena D. |date=2006}}</ref> '''swamp redcurrant''', or '''wild redcurrant''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/ph_spp_intro.pl?speciesid=1004269%20planthardiness.gc.ca |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |website=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |title=''Ribes triste'' Pall., swamp red currant, wild red currant}}</ref> is an Asian and North American [[shrub]] in the [[gooseberry]] family.

== Description ==
It grows to {{convert|50|cm}} tall, with a lax, often creeping branches. The [[leaves]] are alternate, {{convert|6–10|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} across, hairy below, and palmate with 3–5 lobes.<ref name="tktimb">{{Cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ |title=Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest |last2=Kuhlmann |first2=Ellen |date=2014 |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |isbn=978-1-60469-263-1 |edition=1st |location=Portland, OR |pages=211}}</ref>

From June to July, 6–13 small, purplish [[flower]]s are displayed in pendulous [[raceme]]s, {{cvt|4|–|7|cm|in|frac=4}} long. The axis of the raceme is glandular. The [[fruit]] is a bright red [[Berry (botany)|berry]], without the hairs that some [[Ribes|currants]] have; it is rather sour.<ref>{{eFloras|1|200010196|Ribes triste |family=Grossulariaceae |first=Nancy R. |last=Morin}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
''Ribes triste'' is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia (Russia, China, Korea, Japan).<ref>{{BONAP|genus=Ribes|species=triste|state=1|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{eFloras|2|200010196|Ribes triste|family=Saxifragaceae<!-- sic -->|last1=Lu|first1=Lingdi<!-- apparently given surname-first -->|first2=Crinan|last2=Alexander}}</ref> It grows in wet rocky woods, swamps, and cliffs.<ref name="tktimb" />

== As a weed ==
''[[Ribes]]'' is listed a plant pest in [[Michigan]] and the planting of it in certain parts of the state is prohibited.<ref name="PLANTS" />

== Conservation ==
It is listed as endangered in [[Connecticut]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Endangered-Species/Endangered-Species-Listings/Endangered-Threatened--Special-Concern-Plants |title=Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Plants |publisher=State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources |access-date=28 December 2021}} (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)</ref> and [[Ohio]], and as threatened in [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="PLANTS">{{PLANTS |symbol=RITR |taxon=Ribes triste |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref>

==Uses==
===Culinary===
The berries are edible.<ref name="tktimb" /> Alaska Natives eat them raw and make them into jam and jellies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Heller |first=Christine A. |date=1953 |title=Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska |publisher=University of Alaska |page=87}}</ref> [[Eskimos]] eat the berries<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=J. P. |date=1939 |title=Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=26 |issue=9 |page=715 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1939.tb09343.x }}</ref> and the [[Inupiat]] eat them raw or cooked, mix them with other berries which are used to make a traditional dessert. They also mix the berries with [[rosehips]] and [[Viburnum trilobum|highbush cranberries]] and boil them into a syrup.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Anore |date=1983 |title=Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat |place=Kotzebue, Alaska |publisher=Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program |page=105}}</ref> The [[Iroquois]] mash the fruit, make them into small cakes, and store them for future use. They later soak the fruit cakes in warm water and cooked them a sauce or mixed them with corn bread. They also sun dry or fire dry the raw or cooked fruit for future use and take the dried fruit with them as a hunting food.<ref>{{cite book |last=Waugh |first=F. W. |date=1916 |title=Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation |place=Ottawa |publisher=Canada Department of Mines |page=128}}</ref> The [[Ojibwe]] eat the berries raw, and also preserve them by cooking them, spreading them on birch bark into little cakes, which are dried and stored for winter use.{{sfn|Densmore|1928|page=321}} In the winter, they often eat the berries with cooked [[sweet corn]]. They also use the berries to make jams and preserves.{{sfn|Smith|1932|p=410}} The [[Upper Tanana]] eat the berries as food.{{sfn|Kari|1985|p=11}}

===Medicinal===
The Ojibwe take a [[decoction]] of the root and stalk for [[kidney stones]] ('gravel'){{sfn|Densmore|1928|p=348}} and a compound decoction of the stalk to curtail [[menstruation]];{{sfn|Densmore|1928|p=358}} the leaves are used as a 'female remedy'.{{sfn|Smith|1932|p=389}} The [[Upper Tanana]] use a decoction of the stems without the bark as a [[Eyewash|wash]] for sore eyes.{{sfn|Kari|1985|p=11}}

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite journal |last=Densmore |first=Frances |date=1928 |title=Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians |journal=SI-BAE Annual Report |volume=44 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Huron H. |date=1932 |title=Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians |journal=Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee |volume=4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Kari |first=Priscilla Russe |date=1985 |title=Upper Tanana Ethnobotany |place=Anchorage |publisher=Alaska Historical Commission}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2078310}}

[[Category:Ribes|triste]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of the Russian Far East]]
[[Category:Flora of Siberia]]
[[Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine]]
[[Category:Bird food plants]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1797]]
[[Category:Berries]]
[[Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine]]