Editing Richard Anuszkiewicz

{{Short description|American painter, printmaker, and sculptor (1930–2020)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name             = Richard Anuszkiewicz
| birth_date       = May 23, 1930
| birth_place      = Erie, Pennsylvania
| death_date       = May 19, 2020
| nationality      = American
| education        = [[Cleveland Institute of Art]], [[Yale University School of Art]]
| movement         = Op Art
| website          = http://www.richardanuszkiewicz.com/
}}
'''Richard Joseph Anuszkiewicz''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|n|ə|s|ˈ|k|eɪ|v|ɪ|tʃ}}; May 23, 1930 – May 19, 2020) was an American [[painting|painter]], [[printmaking|printmaker]], and [[sculpture|sculptor]].<ref>''[http://www.invaluable.com/artist/anuszkiewicz-richard-txw1uj997i Richard Anuszkiewicz Biography]''. Invaluable.com, retrieved February 20th, 2011</ref> The son of Polish immigrants, he developed a geometric style.

==Life and work==
Anuszkiewicz was born in [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]], Pennsylvania, the son of Victoria (Jankowski) and Adam Anuszkiewicz, who worked in a [[paper mill]]. His parents were [[Polish Americans|Polish immigrants]].<ref name=nyt1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/25/arts/richard-anuszkiewicz-dead.html|title=Richard Anuszkiewicz, Whose Op Art Caught Eyes in the '60s, Dies at 89|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 May 2020|last1=Steinhauer|first1=Jillian}}</ref> He first studied art under [[Joseph Plavcan]] while still in high school, later describing him as his most significant influence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eriereader.com/article/the-unmistakable-anuszkiewicz|title = The Unmistakable Anuszkiewicz}}</ref> Anuszkiewicz trained at the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]] in [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] (1948–1953), and then with [[Josef Albers]]<ref name="AAA">{{cite web | author=| year=2011 | title=Oral history interview with Richard Anuszkiewicz, 1971 Dec. 28 - 1972 Jan. 7 | work=Oral history interviews | publisher=Archives of American Art | url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-richard-anuszkiewicz-12959 | accessdate=17 Jun 2011}}</ref> at the [[Yale University School of Art]] in [[New Haven, Connecticut]] (1953–1955), where he earned his Masters of Fine Arts. While at Yale, Anuszkiewicz was roommates with a fellow abstract painter of Polish descent and a student of Albers, [[Julian Stanczak]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Roberta |date=2017-04-11 |title=Julian Stanczak, Abstract Painter, Dies at 88 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/arts/design/julian-stanczak-dead-op-art-movement-leader.html |access-date=2017-04-11 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

He was one of the leading figures in the [[Op Art]] movement during the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s.<ref name="Cotter">''New York Times.'' December 15, 2000. By Holland Cotter, p. E41.</ref> [[Victor Vasarely]] in France and [[Bridget Riley]] in England were his primary international counterparts. In 1964, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine called him "one of the new wizards of Op".<ref>''Life.'' December 11, 1964 <nowiki>"Op Art."</nowiki> p. 132.</ref> While reflecting on a New York City gallery show of Anuszkiewicz's from 2000, ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' art critic [[Holland Cotter]] described Anuszkiewicz's paintings: "The drama — and that feels like the right word — is in the subtle chemistry of complementary colors, which makes the [[geometry]] glow as if light were leaking out from behind it."<ref name="Cotter"/> Anuszkiewicz exhibited at the [[Venice Biennale]], [[Florence Biennale]] and [[Documenta]], and his works are in permanent collections internationally. He was elected into the [[National Academy of Design]] in 1992 as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1994.

== Style ==
<!-- Commented out: [[Image:Plus-Reversed,-1960.jpg|thumb|210px|Plus Reversed, 1960: Oil On Canvas, 74.5 x 58 in., The Michener Collection, Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin, TX. Considered one of the foremost paintings of the Op Art movement]] -->[[File:Johnson Fulbright Square Circle.tif|alt=U.S. President Lyndon Baines Johnson and U.S. Senator J. William Fulbright inspect "Squaring the Circle", a bright red 1963 painting by Richard Anuszkiewicz, at the 1965 White House Arts Festival.|thumb|U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Baines Johnson]] and U.S. Senator [[J William Fulbright|J. William Fulbright]] inspect "Squaring the Circle", a bright red 1963 painting by Richard Anuszkiewicz, at the 1965 White House Arts Festival.]]
Anuszkiewicz was concerned with the optical changes that occur when different high-intensity colors are applied to the same geometric configurations. Most of his work comprises visual investigations of formal structural and color effects, many of them nested square forms similar to the work of his mentor [[Josef Albers]]. In his series, "Homage to the Square", Albers experimented with juxtapositions of color, and Anuszkiewicz developed these concepts further. Anuszkiewicz continued to produce works in the Op Art style over the subsequent decades of his career.

In 1963, Anuszkiewicz summarized his approach to painting as: "My work is of an experimental nature and has centered on an investigation into the effects of complementary colors of full intensity when juxtaposed and the optical changes that occur as a result, and a study of the dynamic effect of the whole under changing conditions of light, and the effect of light on color."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_3442_300190151.pdf |title=Americans, 1963 |page=6 |year=1963 |editor=Dorothy C. Miller |publisher=Museum of Modern Art}}</ref>

==Selected collections holding works==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Deep-Magenta-Square,-1978.jpg|thumb|Deep Magenta Square, 1978: An example of Anuszkiewicz's use of colors, squares and lines]] -->
* [[Akron Art Museum]], Akron, Ohio
* [[Albright-Knox Art Gallery]], Buffalo
* [[Art Institute of Chicago]]
* [[Blanton Museum of Art]], University of Texas
* [[Boca Raton Museum of Art]]
* [[Carnegie Museum of Art]], Pittsburgh
* [[Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art]]
* [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]
* [[Columbus Museum of Art]]
* [[Currier Museum of Art]]
* [[Denver Art Museum]]
* [[Detroit Institute of Arts]]
* [[Flint Institute of Arts]]
* [[Fogg Museum]], Harvard University
* [[Empire State Plaza#Art collection|The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Empire State Plaza Art Collection |url=https://empirestateplaza.ny.gov/art/explore-art-collection |accessdate=14 November 2018}}</ref>
* [[Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art]]
* [[Honolulu Museum of Art]]<ref>Honolulu Museum of Art wall label, ''Sol V'', 1968, acrylic on canvas, accession 3546.1</ref>
* [[Indiana University Art Museum]], Bloomington
* [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York
* [[Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville]]
* [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York
* [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], Philadelphia
* [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim Museum]], New York
* [[Wadsworth Atheneum]], Hartford
* [[Whitney Museum of Art]], New York
* [https://www.owu.edu/about/ross-art-museum/ Richard M. Ross Art Museum], Ohio

== Grants and awards ==
* 1953: Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship
* 1963: Charles of the Ritz Oil Painting Award
* 1964: The Silvermine Guild Award for Oil Painting
* 1977: Cleveland Arts Prize
* 1980: Hassam Fund Purchase Award
* 1988: Hassam Fund Purchase Award
* 1994: New York State Art Teachers' Association Award
* 1995: Emil and Dines Carlson Award
* 1996: New Jersey Pride Award
* 1997: Richard Florsheim Fund Grant
* 2000: Lee Krasner Award
* 2005: Lorenzo dei Medici Career Award, awarded at the Florence Biennale

== Exhibitions ==

Anuskiewicz exhibited in many public collections around the world, including such New York galleries as Sidney Janis, The Contemporaries,<ref name="AAA"/> and the [[Andrew Crispo|Andrew Crispo Gallery]].
* 1955: [[Butler Institute of American Art]], [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]], [[Ohio]]
* 1966: [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], [[Cleveland]], Ohio
* 1967: [[The Hopkins Center]], [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]], [[New Hampshire]]
* 1968: [[Kent State University]], [[Kent, Ohio|Kent]], Ohio
* 1972: [[Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville]], [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
* 1976: [[La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art]], [[La Jolla, San Diego, California|La Jolla, California]]
* 1977: [[Columbus Museum of Art]], [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], Ohio
* 1978: [[Ringling Museum]], [[Sarasota, Florida]]
* 1978: [[Allentown Art Museum]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania]]
* 1979: Alex Rosenberg Gallery, New York City, New York
* 1979: [[Clark Art Institute]], [[Williamstown, Massachusetts]]
* 1980: [[Brooklyn Museum]], [[Brooklyn]], New York
* 1980: [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh]], [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania
* 1984: [[Heckscher Museum of Art]], [[Huntington, New York]]
* 1984: [[Canton Art Institute]], [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], Ohio
* 1986: [[Tampa Museum of Art]], [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], Florida
* 2005: [[Florence Biennale]], Fortezza da Basso, Firenze, Italy

== Bibliography ==

* Anuszkiewicz, Richard and Karl Lunde. "Anuszkiewicz." New York: H.N. Abrams (1977). {{ISBN|0-8109-0363-6}}
* Alviani, Getulio, Margaret A. Miller and Giancarlo Pauletto. "Richard Anuszkiewicz: Opere 1961-1987." Pordenone: Centro Culturale Casa A. Zanussi (1988).
* Buchsteiner, Thomas and Ingrid Mossinger. "Anuszkiewicz Op Art." Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Publishers (1997). {{ISBN|978-3-7757-0671-1}}
* Kolva, Jeanne, Maxine Lurie (ed.) and Marc Mappen (ed.). ''Anuszkiewicz, Richard.'' "Encyclopedia of New Jersey." New Brunswick: Rutgers University (2004). 9780813533254
* [[David Madden (Jeopardy! contestant)|Madden, David]] and Nicholas Spike. "Richard Anuszkiewicz: Paintings & Sculptures 1945-2001: Catalogue Raisonné." Florence: Centro Di Edizioni (2010). {{ISBN|978-88-7038-483-3}}
* Price, Marshall N. "The Abstract Impulse: fifty years of abstraction at the National Academy, 1956-2006." Manchester: Hudson Hills Press (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-887149-17-4}}
* Ratliff, Floyd, Neil K. Rector and Sanford Wurmfeld. "Color Function Painting: The Art of Josef Albers, Julian Stanczak and Richard Anuszkiewicz." Winston-Salem: Wake Forest UJohn Gruen (September, 1979). "Richard Anuszkiewicz: A Beautiful Discourse with Space". ARTnews. University Fine Arts Gallery (1996). {{ISBN|0-9720956-0-8}}
* Gruen, John (September, 1979). "Richard Anuszkiewicz: A Beautiful Discourse with Space". ARTnews: 68, 69, 72, 73, 74.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/arts/design/11galleries-003.html?scp=2&sq=wigmore&st=cse "Op Out of Ohio" review] by Ken Johnson for the New York Times
* [http://www.forvo.com/word/richard_anuszkiewicz Richard Anuszkiewicz Pronunciation]
* [http://www.richardanuszkiewicz.com/ www.richardanuszkiewicz.com]
* [https://rogallery.com/artists/richard-anuszkiewicz/ rogallery.com]
* {{IMJ-Collections|first= Richard|last=Anuszkiewicz|accessdate=September 2016}}
* [https://www.picassomio.com/richard-anuszkiewicz.html www.picassomio.com]

{{Op art}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Anuszkiewicz, Richard}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:American contemporary sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:American male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American male artists]]
[[Category:American printmakers]]
[[Category:American abstract artists]]
[[Category:Yale School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:Cleveland School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:Cleveland Institute of Art alumni]]
[[Category:Op art]]
[[Category:20th-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:American male sculptors]]
[[Category:Artists from Erie, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Sculptors from Pennsylvania]]