Editing Richard Upjohn

{{Short description|English-American architect (1802–1878)}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Richard Upjohn
| image = File:Richard Upjohn oil portrait circa 1870.png
| caption = Upjohn oil portrait circa 1870
| nationality = British 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1802|1|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shaftesbury]], [[England]], UK
| death_date = {{death date and age|1878|8|16|1802|1|22|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Garrison, New York|Garrison]], [[Putnam County, New York]], USA
| practice = 
| significant_buildings = [[Rotch–Jones–Duff House and Garden Museum|William Rotch Jr. House]]<br>[[Oaklands (Gardiner, Maine)|Oaklands]]<br>[[Kingscote (mansion)|Kingscote]]<br>[[Church of the Ascension, Episcopal (Manhattan)|Church of the Ascension]]<br>[[Edward King House]]<br>[[St. Paul's Cathedral (Buffalo)|St. Paul's Cathedral]]<br>[[Hamilton Hoppin House]]<br>[[Kenworthy Hall]]
| significant_projects = [[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]]<br>[[Church of the Holy Communion and Buildings|Church of the Holy Communion]]<br>[[Martin Van Buren National Historic Site|Lindenwald]]<br> [[Green-Wood Cemetery|Green-Wood Cemetery Gate]]
| significant_design = 
| awards = 
}}

'''Richard Upjohn''' (22 January 1802 &ndash; 16 August 1878) was a British-American architect who immigrated to the United States and became most famous for his [[Gothic Revival]] churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] style. He was a founder and the first president of the [[American Institute of Architects]]. His son, [[Richard M. Upjohn|Richard Michell Upjohn]], (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.<ref name="DOUMATO">Doumato, Lamia. Richard Upjohn, Richard Michell Upjohn, and the Gothic Revival in America. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1984. {{ISBN|0-89028-128-9}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Everard M. |first=Upjohn |url=http://archive.org/details/richardupjohnarc011637mbp |title=Richard Upjohn: Architect And Churchman |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |others=Universal Digital Library |year=1939 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Richard Upjohn was born in [[Shaftesbury]], [[England]], where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family immigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]] and then moved on to [[Boston]] in 1833, where he worked in architectural design.<ref name=":0" /> He became a [[Naturalization|naturalized]] [[Citizenship in the United States|citizen of the United States]] in 1836.<ref name="romanticera">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760-1850, Volume 2 |last=Murray |first=Christopher John |year=2004 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |location=New York & London |isbn=1-57958-422-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro002unse_v8y9/page/1175 1175] |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro002unse_v8y9/page/1175 }}</ref> His first major project was for the entrances to the [[Boston Common]], the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church in [[Bangor, Maine]]. He had relocated to [[History of New York City|New York City]] by 1839, where he worked on alterations to the famed [[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]] on [[Wall Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]]. The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book, ''"Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures"'', in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining.<ref name="DOUMATO"/>

Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded the [[American Institute of Architects]] on February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded by [[Thomas U. Walter|Thomas Ustick Walter]], fourth [[Architect of the Capitol]]. He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home in [[Garrison, New York]] in 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the [[Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library]] at [[Columbia University]], in [[New York City]], also by the [[New York Public Library]]'s Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by the [[Library of Congress]], Prints & Photographs Division on [[Capitol Hill]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0" />

He died on 16 August 1878 in [[Putnam County, New York]] of [[cerebral softening]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard Upjohn, Architect |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/08/18/80725893.pdf |quote= Richard Upjohn, one of the oldest and most prominent church architects of this country, died on Friday, in the seventy-seventh year of his ago. ...  |work=[[New York Times]] |date=16 August 1878 |access-date=2008-07-17 }}</ref>

==Projects==
Some of Upjohn's notable projects include:

=== Churches ===
*St. John's Episcopal Church in [[Bangor, Maine]], (1835–36, burned 1911)
*[[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]] in [[New York City]], (1839–46)
*[[Church of the Ascension (New York)|The Church of the Ascension]] in [[New York City]], (1840–41)
*[[Cobble Hill Historic District|Christ Church]] in [[Cobble Hill, Brooklyn|Cobble Hill]], [[Brooklyn, New York]], (1841–42)
*[[Bethesda Episcopal Church (Saratoga Springs)|Bethesda Episcopal Church]] in [[Saratoga Springs, New York]], (1842)
*[[St. Thomas Episcopal Church (Newark, Delaware)|St. Thomas Episcopal Church]] in [[Newark, Delaware]], (ca. 1843)
*[[Grace Church (Providence, Rhode Island)|Grace Church]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], (1845; with [[Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson]])
*[[Church of the Holy Cross (Middletown, Rhode Island)|Church of the Holy Cross]] in [[Middletown, Rhode Island]], (1845)
*[[Christ Church (Canaan, Connecticut)|Christ Church]] in [[Canaan, Connecticut]], (1845–46)
*[[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Brunswick, Maine)|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] in [[Brunswick, Maine]], (1845)
*[[First Parish Church (Brunswick, Maine)|First Parish Church]] in [[Brunswick, Maine]], (1845–46)
*Church of the Pilgrims (now [[Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral (Brooklyn)|Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral]]) in [[Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn|Brooklyn Heights]], [[Brooklyn, New York]], (1846)
*[[St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Burlington, New Jersey)|St. Mary's Episcopal Church]] in [[Burlington, New Jersey]], (1846–54)
*[[Christ Episcopal Church (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Christ Episcopal Church]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], (1846–48)
*[[St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Rhode Island)|St. Mary's Episcopal Church]] in [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island]], (1847)
*St. Saviours Episcopal Church, in [[Maspeth, Queens|Maspeth]], [[Queens]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (1847)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anastasio |first=Joseph |date=2017-11-15 |title=St. Saviours: The Historic Church that the NYC Government refused to save. |language=en-US |work=LTV Squad |url=http://ltvsquad.com/2017/11/15/st-saviours-the-historic-church-that-the-nyc-government-refused-to-save/ |access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref>
*St. James Episcopal Church, in New London, Connecticut (1847)
*[[Grace Church, Newark|Grace Church]] in [[Newark, New Jersey]], (1847–48)
*[[Grace Episcopal Church (Brooklyn)|Grace Episcopal Church]] in [[Brooklyn, New York]], (1847–49)
*[[All Saints' Episcopal Church (Briarcliff Manor, New York)|All Saints' Episcopal Church]] in [[Briarcliff Manor, New York]], (1848–54)<ref>[[National Register of Historic Places|NRHP]] plaque: [[:File:AllSaintsPlaque.jpg]]</ref>
*[[Calvary Episcopal Church (Stonington, Connecticut)|Calvary Episcopal Church]] in [[Stonington, Connecticut]], (consecrated 1849)
*[[St. Thomas Episcopal Church (Amenia Union, New York)|St. Thomas Episcopal Church]] in [[Amenia (town), New York|Amenia Union, New York]], (1849–51)
*[[St. Paul's Cathedral (Buffalo)|St. Paul's Cathedral]] in [[Buffalo, New York]], (1849–51)
*[[Zion Church (Rome, New York)|Zion Episcopal Church]] in [[Rome, New York]], (1850–1851)
*[[Saint Paul's Church, Chapel, and Parish House|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] in [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], (1850-52)
*[[Church of St. John in the Wilderness]] in [[Copake Falls, New York]], (1852)
*[[St. John Chrysostom Church (Delafield, Wisconsin)|St. John Chrysostom Church]] in [[Delafield, Wisconsin]], (1851–56)
*[[Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)|Madison Square Presbyterian Church]] in [[New York City]], (1854)
*[[Christ Church (Binghamton, New York)|Christ Church (Episcopal)]] in [[Binghamton, New York]], (1853–1855)
*[[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland)|Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], (1854)
*[[All Saints Church (Frederick, Maryland)|All Saints Episcopal Church]] in [[Frederick, Maryland]], (1855)
*[[St. Mary's Chapel (Raleigh, North Carolina)|St. Mary's Episcopal Chapel]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], (1855)
*[[St. James Episcopal Church (Muncy, Pennsylvania)|St. James Episcopal Church]] in [[Muncy, Pennsylvania]], (1856)
*[[Christ Episcopal Church (Marlboro, New York)|Christ Episcopal Church]] in [[Marlboro, New York]], (1858)
*[[St. Mark's Episcopal Church (San Antonio, Texas)|St. Mark's Episcopal Church]] in [[San Antonio, Texas]], (1858)
*[[Trinity Chapel (Far Rockaway, New York)|Trinity Chapel]] in [[Far Rockaway, Queens|Far Rockaway]], [[Queens, New York]], (1858)
*[[St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Albany, New York)|St. Peter's Episcopal Church]] in [[Albany, New York]], (1859)
*[[Church of the Holy Comforter (Poughkeepsie, New York)|Church of the Holy Comforter]] in [[Poughkeepsie (city), New York|Poughkeepsie, New York]], (1860)
*[[Trinity Episcopal Church (Woodbridge, New Jersey)|Trinity Episcopal Church]] in [[Woodbridge, New Jersey]], (1860)
*[[St. Philip's Church in the Highlands]] in [[Garrison, New York]], (1860–61)
*[[St. Stephen's Church (Providence, Rhode Island)|St. Stephen's Episcopal Church]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], (1860–62)
*[[Memorial Church of St. Luke The Beloved Physician]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], (1861)
*[[Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church (New Rochelle, New York)|Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] in [[New Rochelle, New York]], (1862)
* St. John's Chapel at [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges|Hobart College]] in [[Geneva, New York]], (1863)
*[[All Saint's Memorial Church (Navesink, New Jersey)|All Saint's Memorial Church]] in [[Navesink, New Jersey]], (1863–64)
*[[Immanuel Episcopal Church (Bellows Falls, Vermont)|Immanuel Episcopal Church]] in [[Bellows Falls, Vermont]], (1863–67)
* [[St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Geneva, New York)|St. Peter's Episcopal Church]] in [[Geneva, New York]], (1868)
*[[Church of the Covenant (Boston)|Church of the Covenant]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], (1865–1867)<ref>Susan and Michael Southworth, ''AIA Guide to Boston'', Third Edition, ([[Guildford, Connecticut]]: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.</ref>
*[[St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Scranton, Pennsylvania)|St. Luke's Episcopal Church]] in [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]], (1867)
*[[St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania)|St. Mark's Episcopal Church]] in [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania]], (1867)
*[[Christ Church Episcopal (Fitchburg, Massachusetts)|Christ Church Episcopal]] in [[Fitchburg, Massachusetts]], (1867)<ref>Christ Church Parish Records</ref>
*[[Saint Thomas Church (New York City)|St. Thomas Episcopal Church]] in [[New York City]], (1870, burned 1905)
*[[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Selma, Alabama)|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] in [[Selma, Alabama]], (1871–75)
*Cast-iron railing fence design in [[Boston Common]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>Susan and Michael Southworth, ''AIA Guide to Boston'', Third Edition, ([[Guildford, Connecticut]]: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.265.</ref>
*North Gate Screen (1860s) and the Pierrepont family tomb (c. 1860) in [[Green-Wood Cemetery]], [[Brooklyn, New York]]<ref>Alexandra Kathryn Mosca, ''"Green-Wood Cemetery"''. "Images of America" series, (Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), p.11</ref>
*[[St. Mark's Cathedral, Salt Lake City|St. Mark's Cathedral]] in [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], (1870)
*[[Trinity Church, Princeton|Trinity Church]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]], (1870)
*Rye Presbyterian Church in [[Rye, New York]], (1870)
*[[St Agnes-by-the-Lake Episcopal Church (Algoma, Wisconsin)|Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-Lake]] in [[Algoma, Wisconsin]], (1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891)
*[[Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, Minnesota)|Trinity Episcopal Church]] in [[Litchfield, Minnesota]], (1871), attributed
*[[Trinity Episcopal Church (Iowa City, Iowa)|Trinity Episcopal Church]] in [[Iowa City, Iowa]], (1871), attributed
*[[Church of the Good Shepherd-Episcopal (Blue Earth, Minnesota)|Church of the Good Shepherd]] in [[Blue Earth, Minnesota]], (1871–72), attributed

=== Residences ===

* [[William Rotch Jr. House]] in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]], (1834)
* [[Oaklands (Gardiner, Maine)|Oaklands]] in [[Gardiner, Maine]] (1835)
* [[Kingscote (mansion)|Kingscote]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]], (1839)
* Theodore Lyman House in Brookline, Massachusetts (1844–46)<ref name=":1">Upjohn, ''Richard Upjohn'', 139</ref>
* [[Edward King House]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]], (1845–47)
* 70–72 Mount Vernon Street in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], (1847–1848)<ref>Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut: GPP, 2008), p.27.</ref>
* [[Martin Van Buren National Historic Site|Lindenwald]] in [[Kinderhook, New York]], (1849)
*[[James and Mary Forsyth House]] in [[Kingston, New York]], (1849–50)
*[[Fairbanks-Williams House|W. W. Fairbanks House]] in [[Taunton, Massachusetts]] (1852)
*Charles H. Russell House, "Oaklawn," in [[Newport, Rhode Island]] (1852–53)<ref name=":2">Upjohn, ''Richard Upjohn'', 202</ref>
*[[The Grove (Cold Spring, New York)|The Grove]] in [[Cold Spring, New York]], (1852–53)
*[[Rock Lawn and Carriage House|Rock Lawn]] in Garrison, New York (1852–53)
*[[Woodlawn (Garrison, New York)|Woodlawn]] in Garrison, New York (1854)
*[[Hamilton Hoppin House]] in [[Middletown, Rhode Island]] (1856)
*Henry E. Pierrepont House in [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, New York]] (1856–57)<ref name=":1" />
*[[Kenworthy Hall]] in [[Marion, Alabama]], (1858–60)
*[[Woods–Gerry House|Marshall Woods House]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]] (1860–61)<ref>Upjohn, ''Richard Upjohn'', 204</ref>

=== Civic Buildings ===

* [[Abiel Smith School]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], (1835)<ref>Susan and Michael Southworth, ''AIA Guide to Boston'', Third Edition, ([[Guilford, Connecticut|Guildford, Connecticut]]: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.41.</ref>
* Bristol Academy in [[Taunton, Massachusetts]], (1852)
* [[Dorchester County Courthouse and Jail]] in [[Cambridge, Maryland]], (1853)
* Corn Exchange Bank in [[New York City|New York, New York]] (1854)<ref name=":2" />
* [[Edwin A. Stevens Hall]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], (1870)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:William Rotch House, New Bedford, MA.jpg|[[Rotch–Jones–Duff House and Garden Museum|William Rotch Jr. House]], [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bedford, MA]], (1834)
File:Trinity Church - Wall Street, New York, NY, USA - August 19, 2015 - panoramio.jpg|[[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]], [[New York City]], (1839–46)
File:Kingscote 2018-06-14.jpg|[[Kingscote (mansion)|Kingscote]], Newport, RI, (1839)
File:Bowdoin College Chapel - Bowdoin College - IMG 7793.JPG|[[Bowdoin College|Bowdoin College Chapel]], [[Brunswick, Maine|Brunswick, ME]], (1844-1855)
File:Church of the Holy Cross Middletown Rhode Island.jpg|[[Church of the Holy Cross (Middletown, Rhode Island)|Church of the Holy Cross]], [[Middletown, Rhode Island|Middletown, RI]], (1844)
File:Grace Episcopal Church Providence 2017.jpg|[[Grace Church (Providence, Rhode Island)|Grace Church]], [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence, RI]], (1845)
File:Edward King House, Newport, RI.jpg|[[Edward King House]], Newport, RI, (1845-47)
File:St. Paul's Church Baltimore.jpg|[[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland)|Old St. Paul's Church]], [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], (1854)
File:Kenworthy Hall.jpg|[[Kenworthy Hall]], [[Perry County, Alabama|Perry County, AL]], (1858–60)
File:St Peters Church 2011.jpg|[[St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Albany, New York)|St. Peter's Episcopal Church]], Albany, NY, (1859–60)
File:Green-Wood Cemetery gate (53784p).jpg|Screen, [[Green-Wood Cemetery]] (1860s)
File:Beautiful facade of All Saints, Navesink.jpg|[[All Saint's Memorial Church (Navesink, New Jersey)|All Saint's Memorial Church]], [[Navesink, New Jersey|Navesink, NJ]], (1863–64)
File:WTB Church of the Covenant 2.jpg|[[Church of the Covenant (Boston)|Church of the Covenant]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], (1865–67)<ref>Susan and Michael Southworth, ''AIA Guide to Boston'', Third Edition, ([[Guildford, Connecticut]]: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.</ref>
File:Trinity Episcopal Church, Princeton.jpg|[[Trinity Church, Princeton|Trinity Church, Princeton NJ]], (1870, altered)
File:Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, MN).jpg|[[Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, Minnesota)|Trinity Episcopal Church]], [[Litchfield, Minnesota|Litchfield, MN]], (1871, attributed)
</gallery>


==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Richard Upjohn}}
*[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_3460571/ Columbia University Libraries: The Upjohn collection of architectural drawings by Richard, Richard Michell, and Hobart Upjohn :Architectural drawings, papers, and records, (circa 1827-1910) held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University]
*[https://www.trinitywallstreet.org/about/history/guide-to-archives/finance#Property-Management-Church-Properties Richard Upjohn's Trinity Church construction records and drawings at Trinity Wall Street Archives]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upjohn, Richard}}
[[Category:Richard Upjohn buildings| ]]
[[Category:1802 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American architects]]
[[Category:American ecclesiastical architects]]
[[Category:Architects from New York City]]
[[Category:Architects of Anglican churches]]
[[Category:Architects of cathedrals]]
[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct architecture firms based in New York City]]
[[Category:English ecclesiastical architects]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Founder of American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:People from Shaftesbury]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Institute of Architects]]