Editing Roadmarks

{{Short description|1979 science fantasy novel by Roger Zelazny}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox book | 
| name          = Roadmarks
| title_orig    = 
| translator    = 
| image         = Roadmarks first.jpg 
| caption = Cover of first edition (Hardcover)
| author        = [[Roger Zelazny]]
| illustrator   = 
| cover_artist  = [[Darrell K. Sweet]]
| country       = United States
| language      = English
| series        = 
| genre         = [[Science fantasy]]
| publisher     = [[Del Rey Books|Del Rey]]
| release_date  = October 1979
| english_release_date =
| media_type    = Print (hardback & paperback)
| pages         = 185
| isbn          = 0-345-28530-1
| dewey= 813/.5/4
| congress= PZ4.Z456 Rm PS3576.E43
| oclc= 4908136
| preceded_by   = 
| followed_by   = 
}}

'''''Roadmarks''''' is a [[science fantasy]] novel by American author [[Roger Zelazny]], written during the late 1970s and published in 1979.

==Structure and characters==
The novel postulates a road that travels through time, with a nexus placed every few years where a handful of specially gifted people are able to get on and off. The plot involves a series of assassination attempts on the protagonist, with short vignettes on each of the would-be assassins.

The book has two [[poetry collections]] as characters. ''[[Les Fleurs du Mal]]'' by [[Charles Baudelaire]] and ''[[Leaves of Grass]]'' by [[Walt Whitman]] appear as cybernetic extensions of themselves. They are companions of the protagonist and his son Randy, and referred to as "Flowers" and "Leaves" respectively. They talk, argue and frequently quote their own content, exhibiting human-like levels of intelligence.

The novel alternates between non-linear "Two" and linear "One" chapters. According to Zelazny:

<blockquote>I did not decide until I was well into the book that since there was really two time-situations being dealt with (on-Road and off-Road—with off-Road being anywhen in history), I needed only two chapter headings, One and Two, to let the reader know where we are. And since the Twos were non-linear, anyway, I clipped each Two chapter into a discrete packet, stacked them and then shuffled them before reinserting them between the Ones. It shouldn't have made any difference, though I wouldn't have had the guts to try doing that without my experience with my other experimental books and the faith it had given me in the feelings I'd developed toward narrative."<ref name=Kovacs_2009>"...And Call Me Roger": The Literary Life of Roger Zelazny, Part 4, by Christopher S. Kovacs. In: ''The Collected Stories of Roger Zelazny, Volume 4: Last Exit to Babylon'', NESFA Press, 2009.</ref></blockquote>

The book's editor was confused by the "Two" chapters and required Zelazny to rearrange the order of a few of them before publication.<ref name=Kovacs_2009/>

==Plot summary==
The central theme of the novel is time travel using a highway that links all times and all possible histories.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Primeau | first = Ronald | title = Romance of the Road The Literature of the American Highway | publisher = Bowling Green State University Popular Press | year = 1996 | location = Bowling Green, Ohio | pages = 97–98 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZ9Z-_jIT6cC&pg=PA97 | isbn = 978-0-87972-698-0 }}</ref> Exits from the highway lead to different times and places. Changing events in the past cause some exits further up the road, in the future, to become overgrown and inaccessible and new exits to appear, leading to different alternative futures.

The narrator and protagonist, Red Dorakeen, has vague memories of a place or time that is no longer accessible from the Road. He runs guns to the Greeks at [[Battle of Marathon|Marathon]], trying to recreate history as he remembers it in an attempt to open a new exit from the Road to his half-remembered place. The phrase "Last Exit to [[Babylon]]" was the manuscript title of the book and appears on the cover art; it was later used as a title for Volume Four in the ''Collected Stories of Roger Zelazny.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nesfa.org/press/Books/Zelazny-4.html |title=Zelazny, Volume 4: Last Exit to Babylon |website=www.nesfa.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508182447/http://www.nesfa.org/press/Books/Zelazny-4.html |archive-date=2009-05-08}}</ref>

All "One" chapters feature Red Dorakeen, and all "Two" chapters feature secondary characters. These are Red's natural son Randy, newly introduced to the Road and tired of his old life in Ohio; a series of potential assassins attempting to kill Red, some of whom are comic references to [[Pulp magazine|pulp]] characters or real people; and Leila, a woman whose destiny is closely connected to Red's.

The "One" storyline is fairly linear, but the "Two" storyline jumps around in time and sequence, first introducing Randy and Leila without introduction, then later showing Randy's introduction to the Road and meeting with Leila, who will/has just abandoned Red following an incident in the "One" timeline. The narrative becomes clear in the final chapter.

==Reception==
[[Greg Costikyan]] reviewed ''Roadmarks'' in ''[[Ares (magazine)|Ares Magazine]]'' #5, commenting that "''Roadmarks'' is a fun book – and, from anyone but Zelazny, it would be considered a ''tour de force''. Its major difficulty would seem to be that Zelazny tried to force too many ideas into a length unsuited for them, thus being unable to exploit all of those ideas to satisfying fullness."<ref name="Ares">{{cite journal | last=Costikyan | first=Greg | authorlink=Greg Costikyan | title=Books | journal=[[Ares (magazine)|Ares Magazine]] | publisher=[[Simulations Publications, Inc.]] | date=November 1980 | issue=5 | page=10}}</ref>

==Reviews==
*Review by Baird Searles (1980) in ''[[Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine]]'', January 1980<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1292 | title=Title: Roadmarks }}</ref>
*Review by Stephen P. Brown [as by Steve Brown] (1980) in ''[[Heavy Metal (magazine)|Heavy Metal]]'', February 1980
*Review by Tom Staicar (1980) in ''[[Amazing Stories]]'', May 1980
*Review by Darrell Schweitzer (1980) in ''[[Science Fiction Review]]'', May 1980
*Review by Orson Scott Card (1980) in ''Destinies'', Spring 1980
*Review by Spider Robinson (1980) in ''[[Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact]]'', May 1980
*Review by Tom Hosty (1980) in ''[[Foundation (journal)|Foundation]]'', #20 October 1980
*Review by uncredited (1981) in ''Ad Astra'', Issue Sixteen
*Review by Martyn Taylor (1981) in ''[[Vector (magazine)|Vector]]'' 105
*Review by W. Ritchie Benedict (1981) in ''[[Thrust (science fiction magazine)|Thrust]]'', #17, Summer 1981

==Adaptation==
In February 2021, it was reported that [[George R.R. Martin]] and [[Kalinda Vazquez]] are developing a TV adaptation of the novel for [[HBO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/hbo-developing-adaptation-roger-zelazny-sci-fi-novel-roadmarks-with-kalinda-vazquez-george-r-r-martin-1234696624/|title=George R.R. Martin & Kalinda Vazquez Developing Adaptation Of Roger Zelazny's Sci-Fi Novel 'Roadmarks' At HBO|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=18 February 2021|accessdate=2021-02-18}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>
*{{cite book | last=Levack | first=Daniel J. H. | title=Amber Dreams: A Roger Zelazny Bibliography | location=San Francisco | publisher=Underwood/Miller | pages=59–60 | year=1983 | isbn=0-934438-39-0}}

[[Category:1979 American novels]]
[[Category:1979 science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Novels by Roger Zelazny]]
[[Category:American science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Novels about time travel]]
[[Category:Les Fleurs du mal in popular culture]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative novels]]
[[Category:Del Rey books]]