Editing Rob Nicholson

{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{other people5|Robert Nicholson (disambiguation)|Bob Nicholson (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Honourable]]
| name                = Robert Nicholson
| honorific-suffix    = [[King's Privy Council for Canada|PC]] [[King's Counsel|KC]]
| image               = Rob Nicholson - 2014 (13996821852) (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Nicholson in 2014
| office              = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Shadow Minister of Justice]]<br>Shadow Attorney General of Canada
| leader              = [[Rona Ambrose]]<br />[[Andrew Scheer]]
| term_start          = November 20, 2015
| term_end            = September 11, 2019
| predecessor         = [[Françoise Boivin]]
| successor           = [[Rob Moore (politician)|Rob Moore]]
| office1             = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister1      = [[Stephen Harper]]
| term_start1         = February 9, 2015
| term_end1           = November 4, 2015
| predecessor1        = [[John Baird (Canadian politician)|John Baird]]
| successor1          = [[Stéphane Dion]]
| office2             = [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]]
| primeminister2      = [[Stephen Harper]]
| term_start2         = July 15, 2013
| term_end2           = February 9, 2015
| predecessor2        = [[Peter MacKay]]
| successor2          = [[Jason Kenney]]
| office3             = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice<br />Attorney General of Canada]]
| primeminister3      = [[Stephen Harper]]
| term_start3         = January 4, 2007
| term_end3           = July 15, 2013
| predecessor3        = [[Vic Toews]]
| successor3          = [[Peter MacKay]]
| office4             = [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]]
| primeminister4      = [[Stephen Harper]]
| term_start4         = February 6, 2006
| term_end4           = January 4, 2007
| predecessor4        = [[Tony Valeri]]
| successor4          = [[Peter Van Loan]]
| office5             = [[Minister for Democratic Reform (Canada)|Minister responsible for Democratic Reform]]
| primeminister5      = [[Stephen Harper]]
| term_start5         = February 6, 2006
| term_end5           = January 4, 2007
| predecessor5        = [[Belinda Stronach]] {{small|(Democratic Renewal)}}
| successor5          = [[Peter Van Loan]]
| riding6             = [[Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)|Niagara Falls]]
| parliament6         = Canadian
| term_start6         = July 28, 2004
| term_end6           = September 11, 2019
| predecessor6        = [[Gary Pillitteri]]
| successor6          = [[Tony Baldinelli]]
| term_start7         = September 4, 1984
| term_end7           = October 25, 1993
| predecessor7        = [[Al MacBain]]
| successor7          = [[Gary Pillitteri]]
| birth_name          = Robert Douglas Nicholson
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1952|4|29}}
| birth_place         = [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]], Canada
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] {{small|(Before 2003)}}<br />[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] {{small|(2003–present)}}
| spouse              = Arlene Nicholson
| alma_mater          = [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]]<br />[[University of Windsor Faculty of Law|University of Windsor]]
}}
'''Robert Douglas Nicholson''' {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|KC}} (born April 29, 1952) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] politician who represented the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)|Niagara Falls]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada]] from 2004 to 2019 as a member of the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]]. Under Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]], he served as [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]], [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]], [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]], and [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]]. When the [[Premiership of Stephen Harper|Harper Government]] ended, he was appointed Justice Critic in the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition]] [[Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada|shadow cabinet]].

== Early life ==
Nicholson was born in [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]], [[Ontario]].<ref name="justice1">{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/mag-mpg/index.html |title=The Honourable Robert Douglas Nicholson |publisher=Justice.gc.ca |date=2009-09-04 |access-date=2010-12-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516111801/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/mag-mpg/index.html |archive-date=2011-05-16 }}</ref> He received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] and a law degree from the [[University of Windsor]]. Nicholson practised law before entering politics, and is a member of the [[Law Society of Ontario]].<ref name="justice1"/>

== Political career ==

=== First terms in the House of Commons (1984–1993) ===
Nicholson was first elected to federal parliament in the [[1984 Canadian federal election|federal election of 1984]] as a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]], defeating [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democrat]] Richard Harrington and incumbent [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Al MacBain]]. He was re-elected by a narrower margin in the [[1988 Canadian federal election|1988 election]], defeating Liberal [[Gary Pillitteri]] by fewer than 2,000 votes.

During the [[33rd Canadian Parliament]], he served on the standing committees responsible for justice (vice-chairman), foreign affairs, national defence and transport.  Nicholson also served on the special committee on child care.<ref name="Robnicholsonmp">{{cite web|author=Parliament of Canada |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/MembersOfParliament/ProfileMP.aspx?Key=170414&Language=E |title=Member of Parliament Profile: Hon. Rob Nicholson |access-date=2012-09-18}}</ref>

During the [[34th Canadian Parliament]], he continued to serve on the justice committee and was also named a [[parliamentary secretary]], supporting the [[Government House Leader]] (1989-1990) and the [[Attorney General of Canada]] (1989-1993) in [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Brian Mulroney]]'s [[24th Canadian Ministry|government]].

Following [[Kim Campbell]]'s appointment as prime minister, Nicholson joined the cabinet as [[Minister for Science (Canada)|Minister for Science]] and [[Minister responsible for Small Business (Canada)|Minister responsible for Small Business]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Honourable Robert Douglas Nicholson|url=http://pm.gc.ca/eng/minister/honourable-robert-douglas-nicholson|publisher=Prime Minister of Canada|access-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220232815/http://pm.gc.ca/eng/minister/honourable-robert-douglas-nicholson|archive-date=20 December 2013}}</ref>

As with all of his caucus colleagues, save for [[Jean Charest]] and [[Elsie Wayne]], he was defeated in the [[1993 Canadian federal election|1993 election]], finishing third behind Pillitteri and Mel Grunstein of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]].

=== Municipal politics ===
Nicholson was elected as a trustee for the Niagara Catholic District School Board in 1994. He was elected to the [[Niagara Regional Council]] later in 1997, and was re-elected in 2000, and 2003.<ref name="Robnicholsonmp"/> He ran for Chairman of the [[Regional Municipality of Niagara]] in late 2003, but lost to [[St. Catharines]] Regional Councillor [[Peter Partington]].

He attempted to regain his old Commons seat in the [[1997 Canadian federal election|1997 election]], but again finished third. He did not seek election to the Commons in the [[2000 Canadian federal election|2000 election]].

=== Return to Opposition in 38th Parliament ===
The Progressive Conservatives merged with the [[Canadian Alliance]] as the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] in early 2004, and Nicholson joined the new party. He was narrowly returned to parliament in the [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004 election]], defeating Liberal Victor Pietrangelo by more than 1,000 votes.

Nicholson served as Shadow Transportation Critic from July 2004 to January 2005. He was appointed Chief Opposition [[Whip (politics)|Whip]] on January 28, 2005.<ref name="Robnicholsonmp"/>

During the [[38th Canadian Parliament]], he was one of only two members of the 99-member Conservative caucus in the Commons who had previously served in the federal cabinet.

=== Harper government (2005-2015) ===
[[File:G7 Foreign Ministers & EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs Meeting in Lubeck, Germany.jpg|thumb|Rob Nicholson at [[G7]] Foreign Ministers & EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs Meeting in Germany]]
[[File:Secretary Kerry Poses for a Photo in Inaquit, Canada.jpg|thumb|Robert Nicholson, U.S. Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] with aboriginal northerners at a replica Inuit village in Aglukkaq's hometown of Inaquit, Canada]]
Nicholson was re-elected in the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 election]] and appointed to the Harper cabinet as [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons|Government House Leader]].<ref name="justice1"/>

====Minister of Justice (2007-2013)====
Nicholson was appointed as [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada]] in early 2007. He replaced [[Vic Toews]] as Justice Minister during a [[Cabinet shuffle]] on January 4, 2007. [[Peter Van Loan]] replaced Nicholson as Government House Leader.

On March 13, 2010, Nicholson released the terms of reference for the appointment of [[Frank Iacobucci]] as an Independent Adviser. Iacobucci will conduct an independent review of documents related to the transfer of detainees by the [[Canada's role in the Afghanistan War|Canadian Forces in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justice-minister-rob-nicholson-announces-full-terms-of-review/article4352235/ | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | first=Jane | last=Taber | title=Justice Minister Rob Nicholson announces full terms of review&nbsp;— The Globe and Mail | date=March 13, 2010 | access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/nr-cp/2010/doc_32486.html |title=Minister of Justice Releases Terms of Reference for Independent Adviser to Review National Security Informatione |publisher=Justice |date=2012-08-03 |access-date=2012-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323222701/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/nr-cp/2010/doc_32486.html |archive-date=2012-03-23 }}</ref>

This statement comes after [[Richard Colvin (diplomat)|Richard Colvin]] spoke before a parliamentary committee stating that he warned for a full year that detainees Canadian troops handed over to Afghan forces faced torture before the government began to monitor them.  “London, The Hague and Canberra [Australia] are deeply concerned about the absence of solid legal protections for detainees, which&nbsp;– in the age of Gitmo and Abu Ghraib&nbsp;– imperils domestic support for the Afghanistan mission,” said the memo of December 4, 2006, written by diplomat Richard Colvin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wherry |first=Aaron |url=http://www.macleans.ca/2010/03/12/what-might-have-been-ii/ |title=What might have been (II) - Beyond The Commons, Capital Read |publisher=Macleans |date=2010-03-12 |access-date=2012-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/the-buck-stopped-nowhere-at-foreign-affairs-on-colvins-warnings/article4311307/ | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | first=Campbell | last=Clark | title='The buck stopped nowhere' at Foreign Affairs on Colvin's warnings&nbsp;— The Globe and Mail | date=December 18, 2009 | access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref> [[Amir Attaran]] also brought forward testimony in stark contrast to then Canadian Ambassador to Afghanistan [[David Sproule]]'s. Afgan prisoners testified that after capture by Canadians, they were subsequently handed to the custody of the [[Afghan National Army]] (ANA), claiming they were later abused by the ANA.

====Minister of Defence (2013-2015)====
In the July 15, 2013 cabinet shuffle, Nicholson switched portfolios with [[Peter Mackay]] and became the [[Minister of Defence (Canada)|Minister of Defence]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harper-adds-8-new-faces-in-major-cabinet-shakeup-1.1307385 | title=Harper cabinet shakeup adds new faces | publisher=CBC | date=15 July 2013 | access-date=15 July 2013}}</ref>

====Minister of Foreign Affairs (2015)====
Because of [[John Baird (Canadian politician)|John Baird]]'s resignation, Harper was forced to reshuffle his Ministry on 9 February 2015. An unexpected beneficiary of the Baird defalcation was Nicholson, who was promoted to become [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]. Nicholson's time as head of the [[Canadian Foreign Service]] was cut short when he was ejected from office on 4 November 2015 as Harper lost the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 election]].

=== Back in opposition (2015-2019)===
{{Update|date=September 2019}}
While the Conservatives were relegated to the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition]] after the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 election]], Nicholson was re-elected and announced his intention to run for the interim leadership of the party.  He was defeated by [[Rona Ambrose]], and was subsequently named as the Conservative Justice Critic.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-to-elect-interim-leader-on-nov-5-1.3289332 | title=Conservatives to elect interim leader on Nov. 5 | publisher=[[CBC News]] | access-date=2015-10-26 | website=www.cbc.ca | date=26 October 2015}}</ref>

Nicholson did not run for re-election in the [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019 federal election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Niagara Falls MP Rob Nicholson will not seek another term |url=https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/news-story/9276106-niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term/ |work=Niagara Falls Review |date=April 9, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>

== Election results ==

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2015|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rob Nicholson|27,235|42.1|-11.16|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Ron Planche|22,318|34.5|+15.59|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Carolynn Ioannoni|13,525|20.9|-2.59|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Steven Soos|1,633|2.5|-1.36|&ndash;}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|64,711|100.0 &nbsp;|&nbsp;|$249,861.38}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|353|0.34|-0.15}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|65,064|63.93;|+7.03}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|102,606}}
{{CANelec/hold|CA|Conservative|-13.38}}
{{CANelec/source|Source: [[Elections Canada]]<ref>[http://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=35067&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=ON&PROVID=35&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1 Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Niagara Falls, 30 September 2015]</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates]</ref>}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2011|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rob Nicholson|28,748 |53.26|+6.56|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Heather Kelley |12,681 |23.49|+5.63|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Bev Hodgson|10,206 |18.91|-8.00|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Shawn Willick|2,086|3.86|-4.61|&ndash;}}
{{CANelec|CA|Christian Heritage|Harold Jonker|259|0.5% | +0.48|&ndash;}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|53,980|100.00|&ndash;}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots| 264|0.49|	-0.01| }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|54,244 |56.90|+2.30 | }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|95,326|&ndash;|&ndash;| }}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2008|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rob Nicholson|24,016|46.70%|+6.3%|$77,050 }}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Joyce Morocco|13,867|26.96%|-7.5%|$89,565 }}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Eric Gillespie|9,186|17.86%|-3.1%|$18,513}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Shawn Willick|4,356|8.47%|+4.4%|$7,974}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|51,425|99.5%|$94,533}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|264|0.5%|  }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|51,689|54.60%| }}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2006|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rob Nicholson |23,489|40.4%| +1.7%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Gary Burroughs|20,099|34.5% | -2.0%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|[[Wayne Gates]]|12,214|21.0% |+0.2% }}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Kay Green|2,402|4.1% | +0.1%}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|58,204 | 100.0%}}
{{end}}
 					
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2004|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rob Nicholson|19,882|38.7%|-7.7%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Victor Pietrangelo|18,745|36.5%|-9.4%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|[[Wayne Gates]]|10,680|20.8%|+14.7%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Ted Mousseau|2,071|4.0%|+2.7%}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|51,378|100.0%}}
{{end}}
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.
					
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1997|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Gary Pillitteri]] |15,868|38.4%|-8.7%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Reform|Mel Grunstein|10,986|26.6%|+1.6%}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Rob Nicholson |9,935|24.0%|+1.7%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|John Cowan|4,052|9.8%|+6.4%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Alexander Rados|374|0.9%|+0.3%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Natural Law|Bill Amos|154|0.4%|0.0%}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes| 41,369|100.0%}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1993|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Gary Pillitteri]] |20,542|47.1%|+12.1%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Reform|Mel Grunstein|10,890|25.0%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Rob Nicholson |9,719|22.3%|-17.2%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Steve Leonard|1,470|3.4%|-18.0%}}
{{CANelec|CA|National|John Cowan|513|1.2%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|John Bruce McBurney|258|0.6%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Natural Law|Bill Amos|166|0.4%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Abolitionist|Ted Wiwchar|82|0.2%|}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|43,640|100.0%}}
{{end}}
				
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1988|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Rob Nicholson |17,077|39.5%|-15.6%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Gary Pillitteri]] |15,137|35.0%|+15.2%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Dick Harrington|9,232|21.3%|-2.4%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Christian Heritage|[[William Andres|Bill Andres]]|1,713|4.0%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Commonwealth of Canada|Jean-Claude Souvray|97|0.2%|}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|43,256 |100.0%}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1984|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Rob Nicholson |22,852|55.1%|+18.2%}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Richard Harrington|9,863|23.8%|+2.6%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Al MacBain|8,219|19.8%|-21.3%}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Robert G. Scott|352|0.8%|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Social Credit|Earl G. Erb|177|0.4%|-0.1%}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes| 41,463|100.0%}}
{{end}}

== See also ==
*[[List of Knights of Columbus members]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Canadian Parliament links| parliament = 170414 | parlinfo = 2815 | openparl = rob-nicholson}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Al MacBain]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[House of Commons of Canada|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)|Niagara Falls]]|years=1984–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gary Pillitteri]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Gary Pillitteri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[House of Commons of Canada|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)|Niagara Falls]]|years=2004–present}}
{{s-inc}}

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|post1         = [[Minister for Democratic Reform (Canada)|Minister responsible for Democratic Reform]]
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{{Harper Ministry}}
{{Campbell Ministry}}
{{CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General}}

{{CA-Ministers of Defence}}
{{CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholson, Rob}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
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