Editing Robert C. Bonner

{{Short description|American judge (born 1942)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix          =
| name                      = Robert Cleve Bonner
| honorific-suffix          =
| image                     = Robert Bonner.jpg
| alt                       =
| caption                   =
| office                    = [[United States Customs and Border Protection|United States Commissioner of Customs and Border Protection]]
| president                 = [[George W. Bush]]
| term_start                = March 1, 2003
| term_end                  = November 30, 2005
| predecessor               = Office created
| successor                 = [[Ralph Basham]]
| office1                   = [[United States Customs Service|Commissioner of the United States Customs Service]] 
| president1                = George W. Bush
| term_start1               = September 10, 2001
| term_end1                 = March 1, 2003
| predecessor1              = [[Raymond W. Kelly]]
| successor1                = Office abolished
| office2                   = 5th [[Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration]]
| term_start2               =  August 13, 1990
| term_end2                 =  October 31, 1993
| president2                = [[George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton]]
| predecessor2              = [[Terrence M. Burke]] (Acting)
| successor2                = [[Stephen H. Greene]] (Acting)
| office3                   = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California]]
| term_start3               = May 24, 1989
| term_end3                 = August 12, 1990
| nominator3                =
| appointer3                = [[List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush|George H. W. Bush]]
| predecessor3              = [[Pamela Ann Rymer]]
| successor3                = [[Audrey B. Collins]]
| office4                   = [[United States District Court for the Central District of California|United States Attorney for the Central District of California]]
| term_start4               = February 15, 1984
| term_end4                 = June 16, 1989
| president4                = [[Ronald Reagan]]<br>[[George H. W. Bush]]
| predecessor4              = [[Stephen S. Trott]]
| successor4                = [[Gary A. Feess]]
| pronunciation             =
| birth_name                = Robert Cleve Bonner
| birth_date                = {{Birth date and age|1942|01|29}}
| birth_place               = [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], [[Kansas]]
| death_date                =
| death_place               =
| party                     = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| education                 = [[University of Maryland, College Park]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Georgetown University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| website                   = [http://www.gibsondunn.com/Lawyers/rbonner Biography at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP website]
| allegiance                =  {{flagu|United States|1960|size=23px}}
| branch                    = {{navy|United States}}
| rank                      = [[File:US-O3_insignia.svg|18px|link=|alt=]] [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]
| serviceyears              = 1967–1971
| unit                      = [[United States Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps]]
}}

'''Robert Cleve Bonner''' (January 29, 1942) is an American lawyer and arbitration neutral, a former [[federal prosecutor|prosecutor]], former [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]], former [[Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration]] and former Commissioner of [[United States Customs and Border Protection]]. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the California Institute of Technology, a retired partner at the law firm [[Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher]] and former Chair of the California Commission on Judicial Performance.

==Education and early career==

Bonner was born in [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], Kansas. He grew up in Wichita where his father practiced law and his mother was a school teacher. He credits his mother for infusing him with a strong commitment to public service. He received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree magna cum laude from the [[University of Maryland, College Park]] in 1963. and a [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Georgetown University Law Center]] in 1966.<ref name=FJC>{{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/bonner-robert-c.|title=Bonner, Robert C. – Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov}}</ref> 

He was a law clerk for [[Albert Lee Stephens Jr.]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of California]] from 1966 to 1967. He was on in the [[United States Navy Reserve]] [[Judge Advocate General Corps]] from 1967 to 1971, rising to the rank of [[Lieutenant]], USNR. During that time, he served for nearly two years on an aircraft carrier, the [[USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVA-42)]].  He was an [[Assistant United States Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California|Central District of California]] from 1971 to 1975, and then went into private practice in [[Los Angeles]] for nine years. Afterwards he became the [[United States Attorney]] for the same district in 1984.<ref name=FJC/> As a United States Attorney, he worked closely with the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) on two record-breaking [[money laundering]] cases, Operations Pisces and Polar Cap, led the prosecution team against the killers of a DEA special agent, and personally prosecuted the first FBI agent charged with espionage.<ref name=GDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibsondunn.com/insidegdc/whoswho/bio/?contactId=b97f85845ca1282c|title=Biography at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.fbcoverup.com/docs/library/1988-11-09-H-Prt-100-NN-Plum-Book-Policy-and-Supporting-Positions-Committee-on-Post-Office-and-Civil-Service-House-of-Representatives-100th-Congress-2d-Session-Y4G74-7-P-75-6-988-GPO-Nov-09-1988.pdf#page=105 Policy and supporting positions] fbcoverup.com p. 93</ref>

==Federal judicial service==

On February 28, 1989, Bonner was nominated by President [[George H. W. Bush]] to be a United States District Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California]], to a seat vacated by Judge [[Pamela Ann Rymer]]. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on May 18, 1989, and received commission on May 24, 1989. Bonner resigned on August 12, 1990, to become the Administrator of the DEA.<ref name=FJC/>

==DEA service==

On May 11, 1990, President Bush nominated him to be Administrator of the DEA. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on July 27, 1990, and sworn in as the DEA's fifth Administrator on August 13, 1990. Bonner served as Administrator from August 13, 1990, to October 31, 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/history/deahistory_05.htm|title=Robert C. Bonner: Fifth DEA Administrator, DEA History|publisher=}}</ref> As DEA Administrator, Bonner is credited with implementing the Kingpin Strategy, which allows law enforcement to target and attack key vulnerabilities of major transnational drug trafficking organizations.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2010-07-01/new-cocaine-cowboys|title=The New Cocaine Cowboys|date=23 June 2010|last1=Bonner|first1=Robert C.}}</ref> He oversaw DEA's efforts with the Colombian government to destroy the [[Medellin Cartel]], the final blow of which was the killing of [[Pablo Escobar]] by the Colombian National Police in late 1993. While at DEA, he also established the first Division of Intelligence within DEA and pioneered the use of highly effective intelligence gathering and analytical tools.

In 1992, Administrator Bonner issued a ruling that incorporated the FDA's "safe and effective" standard to evaluate marijuana.  After reviewing the record, he found that there were no valid scientific studies that indicated that smoking marijuana was safe and effective for any medical purpose. On that basis, he denied an application for the [[removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act]], stating that, "Those who insist that marijuana has medical uses would serve society better by promoting or sponsoring more legitimate scientific research, rather than throwing their time, money and rhetoric into lobbying, public relations campaigns and perennial litigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mmj/ricklesh.html|title=NIDA BLOCKS MEDICAL MARIJUANA RESEARCH|website=www.maps.org}}</ref>

==Private practice==

In November 1993, just after leaving his post as head of the DEA, Bonner appeared on [[60 Minutes]] and criticized the [[CIA]] for permitting a drug shipment of one ton of pure cocaine to be smuggled into the U.S. without first notifying and securing the approval of the [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]]. From 1993 to 2001, Judge Bonner was a partner in the [[Los Angeles]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] law firm [[Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher]], an international law firm. His practice focused on business and [[white-collar crime]] matters, complex civil cases, internal corporate investigations, and corporate compliance programs.<ref name=GDC/> Among his clients were [[Occidental Petroleum]] Chairman [[Ray Irani]], French entrepreneur [[Francois Pinault]], former President of [[Serbia]] [[Milan Panic]], [[ConAgra Foods|ConAgra]], [[Walmart]], [[Waste Management, Inc.]], the [[California Institute of Technology]], and the cities of [[Long Beach]] and [[Thousand Oaks, California|Thousand Oaks]]. He also defended [[Heidi Fleiss]] in her federal tax evasion prosecution.

==United States Customs Service==

On June 24, 2001, President [[George W. Bush]] nominated Bonner as Commissioner of the [[United States Customs Service]], later known as [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] (CBP), and he was confirmed on September 19, 2001, a little more than a week after the [[September 11 attacks]]. During his time as Commissioner, Bonner implemented far-reaching security changes, including the establishment of the National Targeting Center, the [[Container Security Initiative]] (CSI), and the [[Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism]] (C-TPAT).

As part of the homeland security re-organization of 2003, Bonner was appointed the first Commissioner of CBP, a merger of the Border Patrol and other front line immigration and agriculture protection functions with most of the United States Customs Service to create the first unified border agency in U.S. history. It remains the largest merger of people and functions within the [[Department of Homeland Security]], affecting nearly 60,000 employees. Bonner announced his resignation as Commissioner on September 28, 2005, and retired on November 25, 2005, after four years of service.<ref name=GDC /> He is featured in the documentary "The New Colossus," by Professor Alan Marcus, where he discusses post-9/11 border security measures.

==Later career==

After returning to Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Bonner was hired by Representative [[Jerry Lewis (California politician)|Jerry Lewis]] in 2006 after Lewis was linked to an investigation being conducted by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] (see [[Jerry Lewis - Lowery lobbying firm controversy]]). Lewis did not ultimately face charges. On August 12, 2007, Bonner was named by the [[Rudy Giuliani]] Presidential Committee as a member of the campaign's "Immigration Advisory Board". Bonner has continued his involvement with border security and immigration, and was appointed to several task forces of the [[Homeland Security Advisory Council]] (HSAC), including the Southwest Border Task Force in 2009, and the HSAC Integrity Advisory Panel in 2015. In addition, he has served on the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] task forces on U.S. Immigration Policy and North America, is the co-chair of the Pacific Council task force on U.S.‑Mexico border issues, is the chair of the Civilian Oversight Commission for the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]], and is the co-chair of the International Summit on Borders.  He retired as a partner of [[Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher]] to become a Senior Principal of The Sentinel Company, a Washington, D.C.–based homeland security consulting firm,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesentinelcompany.com/|title=The Sentinel Company}}</ref> and also heads Bonner Arbitration Disputes and Settlement Services and serves as an American Arbitration Association neutral arbitrator for high stakes disputes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phillipsadr.com/bios/robert-bonner/|title=Hon. Robert C. Bonner – Mediator at Phillips ADR|work=Phillips ADR |publisher=}}</ref>

==Other interests==

Bonner is married to Kimiko Tanaka Bonner, and they have a daughter, Justine. He runs three miles a day,{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} and enjoys playing [[tennis]] and [[chess]], a game he mastered{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} while serving in the United States Navy on board an [[aircraft carrier]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{FJC Bio|209|nid=1378011|name=Robert C. Bonner<!--(1942–)-->}} <!--
* [https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/bonner-robert-c. FJC Bio]
-->
* [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-sep-28-na-customs28-story.html Customs Chief to Resign; Oversaw Shift After 9/11, ''Los Angeles Times'', September 28, 2005]
* [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jan-28-mn-25138-story.html Customs Chief Survives Difficult Start, ''Los Angeles Times'', January 28, 2002]
* [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-08-29-mn-188-story.html DEA Director Vows to Keep Investigating in Camarena Case, ''Los Angeles Times'', August 29, 1990]
* [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2010-07-01/new-cocaine-cowboys The New Cocaine Cowboys, "Foreign Affairs", July 1, 2010]
* [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2015-07-22/get-shorty Get Shorty, "Foreign Affairs", July 22, 2015]
* [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/north-america/2017-01-27/got-shorty Got Shorty, "Foreign Affairs", January 27, 2018]
*{{C-SPAN|13127}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John C. Lawn]]}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Administrator of the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]}}|years=1990–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Stephen H. Greene]] {{small|(acting)}}}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pamela Ann Rymer]]}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California]]}}|years=1989–1990}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Audrey B. Collins]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonner, Robert Cleve}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Drug Enforcement Administration Administrators]]
[[Category:Georgetown University Law Center alumni]]
[[Category:Heads of United States federal agencies]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Central District of California]]
[[Category:Kansas Republicans]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Wichita, Kansas]]
[[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security officials]]
[[Category:George W. Bush administration personnel]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:United States district court judges appointed by George H. W. Bush]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park alumni]]
[[Category:United States Navy officers]]
[[Category:United States Navy reservists]]
[[Category:Commissioners of the United States Customs Service]]
[[Category:Assistant United States attorneys]]
[[Category:United States attorneys for the Central District of California]]
[[Category:California Republicans]]
[[Category:People associated with Gibson Dunn]]