Editing Robot Odyssey

{{short description|1984 video game}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Robot Odyssey
| image = Robot Odyssey Title Screen.png
| developer = Mike Wallace <br> Dr. Leslie Grimm
| publisher = [[The Learning Company]]
| released = December 1984
| genre = [[Programming game|Programming]]
| modes = [[Single-player]]
| platforms = [[Apple II]], [[MS-DOS]], [[TRS-80 Color Computer]]
}}

'''''Robot Odyssey''''' is a digital logic game developed by Mike Wallace and Dr. Leslie Grimm and published by [[The Learning Company]] in December 1984. It is a sequel to ''[[Rocky's Boots]]'', and was released for the [[Apple II]], [[TRS-80 Color Computer]], and [[MS-DOS]]. Most players have found it challenging.<ref name="slate">{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/01/robot_odyssey_the_hardest_computer_game_of_all_time.html |title=The Hardest Computer Game of All Time |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=24 January 2014 |last=Auerbach |first=David |accessdate=11 May 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> The player is readying for bed when, suddenly, they fall through the floor into an underground city of robots, ''Robotropolis''. The player begins in the sewers of the city with three programmable robots, and must make their way to the top of the city to try to find their way home again.

==Gameplay==
The aim of ''Robot Odyssey'' is to program and control robots (Sparky, Checkers, and Scanner<ref>{{cite web |title=Robot Odyssey manual |url=http://www.colorcomputerarchive.com/coco/Documents/Manuals/Educational/Robot%20Odyssey%20I%20%28The%20Learning%20Company%29.pdf}}</ref> with a fourth added in later levels) in order to escape ''Robotropolis'', a labyrinthine underground city filled with hundreds of rooms of puzzles that need to be solved to progress any further.<ref name="Mace1">{{Citation | last = Mace | first = Scott | title = Games exhibit innovation | newspaper = [[InfoWorld]] | pages = 35 | date = 1984-07-09 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yC4EAAAAMBAJ&q=robot+odyssey&pg=PA35 | accessdate = 2012-01-25}}</ref> The city consists of five levels<ref name="Gore">{{cite journal | last = Gore | first = Kay | title = Problem-Solving Software to Implement Curriculum Goals | journal = Computers in the Schools | volume = 4 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 171–178 | year = 1988 | doi = 10.1300/J025v04n03_19 | s2cid = 62581591}}</ref> of increasing difficulty, requiring the design of more and more sophisticated circuits.<ref name="Mace1"/>

A tutorial and robot testing laboratory (the "Innovation Lab") are also provided with the game.

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:IngameScreen1.png|250px|right|thumb|Player controls three robots from beginning of the game.]] -->
Except for their color and initial programming, the three robots are identical inside. They are equipped with four thrusters and bumper sensors, a grabber, a [[Antenna (radio)|radio antenna]] (for basic communication with other robots), a [[Electric battery|battery]], and a [[periscope]] to use while riding inside a robot.

Throughout the game, the player is presented with various challenges which require [[computer programming|programming]] the three robots to accomplish various tasks. This is done by wiring a synchronous [[digital circuit]], consisting of [[logic gate]]s and [[flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]]s, inside of the robots. Tasks and puzzles range from navigating a simple maze and retrieving items to complex tasks requiring interaction and communication between two or more robots. Though the player can ride inside the robots, most challenges involve the robots acting autonomously and cannot be completed with the player inside (and perhaps simply rewiring their robot on the fly).

The robots can also be wired up to [[Integrated circuit|chip]]s, which provide a convenient and reproducible way to program the robots. Various pre-programmed chips are scattered throughout the city and range from complex circuits such as a wall-hugging chip which can be used to navigate through mazes and corridors (one of which is wired to a robot at the beginning) to clocks and counters. The player must find out how these chips work themselves, as the only information about each chip is a short, and sometimes cryptic, description. Additionally, there are predesigned chip files stored on the various disks containing the game that can be loaded into the in-game chips. The available chips stored in this fashion vary depending on the port or version used.

The ''Innovation Lab'' can be used to test out circuit designs in the robots or create new chips. Chips created in the lab can then be loaded into and used in the main game. Loading a chip in the main game will erase the previous programming stored in the chip.

Although the game is recommended for ages 10 and up, it can prove to be quite challenging even for adults. In terms of educational value, the game teaches the basic concepts of [[electrical engineering]] and digital logic in general.

==Reception==
''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' reviewed ''Robot Odyssey'' and ''[[ChipWits]]'', preferring the former to the latter but stating that both were "incredibly vivid simulation experiences".<ref name="williams19850405">{{cite magazine | title=Robot Simulations / Tinkerer's Playgrounds | magazine=Computer Gaming World | date=April–May 1985 | author=Williams, Gregg | pages=22}}</ref>

==Reviews==
* ''[[Casus Belli (magazine)|Casus Belli]]'' #23 (December 1984)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rpggeek.com/rpgissuearticle/165444/ludotique|title = Ludotique &#124; Article &#124; RPGGeek}}</ref>
* ''[[:fr:Jeux et Stratégie|Jeux & Stratégie]]'' HS #3<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/jeux-et-strategie-hs-3/page/84/mode/2up | title=Jeux & stratégie HS 3 | year=1986}}</ref>
* ''[[Games (magazine)|Games]]'' #60<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/games-60-1985-february/page/n49/mode/2up | title=GAMES Magazine #60 | date=February 1985}}</ref>
* ''[[Games (magazine)|Games]]'' #60<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/games-60-1985-february/page/n49/mode/2up | title=GAMES Magazine #60 | date=February 1985}}</ref>
* Dewdney, A. K. "COMPUTER RECREATIONS". Scientific American, vol. 253, no. 1, 1985, pp. 14–19. JSTOR, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24967716]. Accessed 23 Feb. 2024.

==Legacy==
The engine for the game was written by [[Warren Robinett]], and variants of it were used in many of The Learning Company's graphical adventure games of the time, including ''[[Rocky's Boots]]'', ''[[Gertrude's Secrets]]'', ''[[Gertrude's Puzzles]]'', and ''[[Think Quick!]]'', all of which are similar but easier logic puzzle games. The gameplay and visual design were derived from Robinett's influential [[Atari 2600]] video game, ''[[Adventure (1979 video game)|Adventure]]''.

''[[ChipWits]]'' by Doug Sharp and Mike Johnston, a 1984 game for [[Macintosh]] later ported to the [[Apple II]], and [[Commodore 64]] computers, is similar in theme but the player's robot behaviour is programmed with actions blocks instead of using logic flops, switches, etc.

Epsitec Games created ''[[Colobot]]'' and ''Ceebot'' for Windows. The player programs machines through [[object-oriented programming]] like [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C++]], or [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] to accomplish puzzle tasks. The objective of these games was to teach the player the fundamentals of these languages.

''[[Carnage Heart]]'' involves programming [[mecha]]s that then fight without any user input.

Cognitoy's ''[[MindRover]]'' is also similar in spirit to ''Robot Odyssey'', but uses different programming concepts in its gameplay.

===Clones===
One Girl One Laptop productions created a free to download [[spiritual successor]], for Windows and MacOS, called ''GATE'' which uses the same digital logic puzzles as ''Robot Odyssey''.<ref name="slate" /><ref name="GATE">{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= GATE |url= http://www.quinndunki.com/OGOL/Home.html |website= One Girl, One Laptop Productions |location= |publisher= |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308041751/http://quinndunki.com/OGOL/GATE.html |archive-date= 2016-03-08 |access-date= 2025-01-10}}</ref>

There is also a clone that can be run in any system with a Java runtime, ''DroidQuest'', which contains all the original levels and an additional secret level.<ref>{{github|ThomasFooteDQ/DroidQuest|DroidQuest}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160111022337/http://droidquest.com/ Internet Archive]</ref>

== Further reading ==
* ''Escape from Robotropolis'' - 1988 book by [[Fred D'Ignazio]], published by TOR ({{ISBN|0-312-93081-X}})

== See also==
{{Portal|Video games}}
* ''[[Armored Core: Formula Front]]''
* ''[[Armored_Core:_Verdict_Day#Gameplay|Armored Core: Verdict Day]]'', featuring UNACs, AI controlled Armored Cores which players can create and customize
* ''[[Artdink#Games|BASIC STUDIO Powerful Game Koubou]]'', a 2001 PS2 [[Game_creation_system|game creation title]] by Artdink featuring a sample game based on their title ''[[Carnage Heart]]''
* ''[[List_of_Famicom_Disk_System_games#B|Breeder]]'', a 1986 Famicom algorithm-based simulation combat game by SoftPro
* ''[[ChipWits]]''
* ''[[Technosoft#Releases|COMSIGHT]]'', a 1987 PC88, X1, and X68000 algorithm-based simulation combat game by Technosoft
* ''[[MindRover]]''
* ''[[Omega (video game)]]''
* ''[[List_of_PlayStation_games_(M–Z)#P|Pandora Project: The Logic Master]]'', a 1996 PS1 algorithm-based simulation combat game by Team Bughouse similar to ''Carnage Heart''
* ''[[List_of_PlayStation_games_(M–Z)#R|Robot X Robot]]'', a 1999 PS1 algorithm-based simulation combat game by Nemesys
* ''[[RoboSport]]''
* [[Logic simulation]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/robot-odyssey|name=''Robot Odyssey''}}
* [http://www.droidquest.com/ droidquest.com]{{nbsp}} - a reimplementation in Java
* [https://scanlime.org/2009/04/a-binary-patch-for-robot-odyssey/ A binary patch for running ''Robot Odyssey'' on modern computers]
* [https://scanlime.org/2009/04/robot-odyssey-chip-disassembler/ ''Robot Odyssey'' chip disassembler]
* [https://robotodyssey.online/ A version playable in the browser]
* [https://archive.org/details/msdos_Robot_Odyssey_1985 Disk image] from [[Internet Archive]]

[[Category:1984 video games]]
[[Category:Apple II games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:TRS-80 Color Computer games]]
[[Category:Programming games]]
[[Category:Video games about robots]]
[[Category:The Learning Company games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Single-player video games]]