Editing Rodgers and Hart

{{Short description|American songwriting partnership}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}
[[Image:Rodgers and Hart NYWTS.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Rodgers (left) and Hart in 1936]]
'''Rodgers and Hart''' were an American [[songwriter|songwriting]] partnership between composer [[Richard Rodgers]] (1902&ndash;1979) and the lyricist [[Lorenz Hart]] (1895&ndash;1943). They worked together on 28 stage musicals and more than 500 songs from 1919 until Hart's death in 1943.<ref name=guide>[http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/biographies/rodgers_hart.htm Rodgers and Hart Biography] Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed April 5, 2009</ref>  Many of their songs are classics of the [[Great American Songbook|American songbook]].

== History ==
Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart were introduced in 1919 while Rodgers was in high school and Hart had already graduated from  [[Columbia University]].<ref>Zinnser, p. 31</ref> One of their first collaborations was at Columbia in the 1920 [[Varsity Show]], ''[[Fly With Me (musical)|Fly With Me]]'', which also involved Rodgers' future collaborator [[Oscar Hammerstein II]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vinciguerra|first=Thomas|title=Sing a Song of Morningside|url=https://www.thevarsityshow.com/about-sing-a-song-of-morningside|access-date=2022-01-09|website=The Varsity Show|language=en-US}}</ref> After writing together for several years they produced their first successful [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical, ''[[The Garrick Gaieties]]'', in 1925, which introduced their hit song [[Manhattan (song)|"Manhattan"]] and led to a series of successful musicals and films.<ref name=guide/> They quickly became among the most popular songwriters in America, and from 1925 to 1931 had fifteen scores featured on Broadway. In the early 1930s they moved to Hollywood, where they created several popular songs for film, such as "[[Isn't It Romantic?]]" and "[[Lover (Rodgers and Hart song)|Lover]]", before returning to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 1935 with [[Billy Rose]]'s ''[[Jumbo (musical)|Jumbo]]''.<ref name=Everett747>Everett, p.747</ref> From 1935 to Hart's death in 1943, they wrote a string of highly regarded Broadway musicals, most of which were hits.

Many of their stage musicals from the late 1930s were made into films, including ''[[On Your Toes]] (1936)'' and ''[[Babes in Arms]]'' (1937), though rarely with their scores intact. ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' (1940), termed their masterpiece,<ref name=Everett747/> has a book by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' writer [[John O'Hara]]. O'Hara adapted his own short stories for the show, which featured a title character who is a [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]]. Critic [[Brooks Atkinson]] wrote in his review, "Although it is expertly done, how can you draw sweet water from a foul well?"  When the show was revived in 1952 audiences had learned to accept darker material, due in large part to Rodgers' work with Oscar Hammerstein. The new production had a considerably longer run than the original and was now considered a classic by critics. Atkinson, reviewing the revival, wrote that the musical "renews confidence in the professionalism of the theatre."<ref>Green, p. 127</ref>

== Analysis ==
''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' devoted a cover story to Rodgers and Hart on September 26, 1938. The magazine said that their success "rests on a commercial instinct that most of their rivals have apparently ignored". The article also said their "spirit of adventure." "As Rodgers and Hart see it, what was killing musicomedy was its sameness, its tameness, its eternal rhyming of June with moon."<ref>Block, p. 43</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,788806,00.html | title=Theater: The Boys from Columbia | magazine=Time | date=September 26, 1938 }}</ref>

Their songs have long been favorites of cabaret singers and jazz artists. [[Ella Fitzgerald]] recorded ''[[Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Rodgers & Hart Songbook]]'' and [[Andrea Marcovicci]] based one of her cabaret acts entirely on Rodgers and Hart songs.<ref>Connema, Richard.[http://www.talkinbroadway.com/regional/sanfran/s928.html Review, The Incomparable Andrea Marcovicci Sings Rodgers & Hart] talkinbroadway.com, August 7, 2007</ref>

In their era musicals were revue-like and librettos were little more than excuses for comic turns and music cues. Rodgers and Hart tried to raise the standard of the musical form in general. ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (musical)|A Connecticut Yankee]]'' (1927) was based on [[Mark Twain]]'s novel ''[[A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court]]'' and ''[[The Boys From Syracuse]]'' (1938) on [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[The Comedy of Errors]].'' They used dance significantly in their work, using the ballets of [[George Balanchine]].<ref>Everett, p. 754</ref>

== Stage and film productions ==
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*(1920) ''[[Fly With Me (musical)|Fly With Me]]''
*(1925) ''[[The Garrick Gaieties]]''
*(1925) ''[[Dearest Enemy]]''
*(1926) ''[[The Girl Friend]]''
*(1926) ''Betsy''
*(1926) ''[[Peggy-Ann]]''
*(1926) ''The Fifth Avenue Follies''
*(1926) ''Lido Lady''
*(1926) ''[[The Garrick Gaieties]]'' (2nd Edition)
*(1927) ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (musical)|A Connecticut Yankee]]''
*(1927) ''One Dam Thing After Another''
*(1928) ''[[Present Arms (musical)|Present Arms]]''
*(1928) ''[[Chee-Chee (musical)|Chee-Chee]]''
*(1928) ''She's My Baby''
*(1929) ''Heads Up!''
*(1930) ''[[Spring Is Here (film)|Spring Is Here]]''
*(1930) ''[[Ever Green]]''
*(1930) ''[[Simple Simon (musical)|Simple Simon]]''
*(1931) ''[[America's Sweetheart (musical)|America's Sweetheart]]''
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*(1932) ''[[Love Me Tonight]]'' (film)
*(1932) ''[[The Phantom President]]'' (film)
*(1933) ''[[Hallelujah, I'm a Bum (film)|Hallelujah, I'm a Bum]]'' (film)
*(1935) ''[[Mississippi (film)|Mississippi]]'' (film)
*(1935) ''[[Jumbo (musical)|Jumbo]]'' (1962 film ''[[Billy Rose's Jumbo]]'')
*(1936) ''[[On Your Toes]]'' (1939 film)
*(1936) ''The Show Is On'' (Broadway revue with one song by Rodgers and Hart)
*(1937) ''[[Babes in Arms]]'' (1939 film)
*(1937) ''[[I'd Rather Be Right]]''
*(1938) ''[[The Boys from Syracuse]]'' (1940 film)
*(1938) ''[[I Married an Angel]]'' (1942 film)
*(1939) ''[[Too Many Girls (musical)|Too Many Girls]]'' (1940 film)
*(1940) ''[[Higher and Higher (musical)|Higher and Higher]]'' (1943 film)
*(1940) ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' (1957 film)
*(1940) ''Two Weeks with Pay''
*(1942) ''[[By Jupiter]]''
*(1943) ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (musical)|A Connecticut Yankee]]'' (revised, with additional songs, their last collaboration)
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== Songs ==
One of Rodgers and Hart's best known songs, [[Blue Moon (1934 song)|"Blue Moon"]], was originally called "Prayer." It was to be sung by Jean Harlow in the 1934 film ''[[Hollywood Party (1934 film)|Hollywood Party]]'', and was cut. Hart then wrote a new lyric, intended to be the title song for ''[[Manhattan Melodrama]]'' (1934), which was cut again. A third lyric, "The Bad in Every Man," was used in the film.<ref>{{cite book|title=America's Songs|author=Philip George Furia & Michael L. Lasser|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=0415972469|page=117}}</ref> At the urging of Jack Robbins, head of MGM's music publishing unit, Hart wrote a fourth lyric as a standalone song.<ref>{{cite book|title=When Broadway Went to Hollywood|first=Ethan|last=Mordden|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199395422}}</ref> Glen Grey and the Casa Loma Orchestra recorded it in 1936, and that version topped the charts for three weeks. [[Elvis Presley]] included a haunting version on his self-titled debut album, in 1956. It again was #1 in 1961, this time in the [[doo-wop]] style, by [[The Marcels]]. [[Bob Dylan]] included his Nashville-inflected version of the song on his ''Self Portrait'' album of 1970.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bobdylan.com/us/music/self-portrait | title=Self Portrait &#124; the Official Bob Dylan Site }}</ref>

Frederick Nolan writes that "[[My Romance (song)|My Romance]]" (written for ''Jumbo'') "features some of the most elegantly wistful lyrics...[it] is, quite simply, one of the best songs Rodgers and Hart ever wrote."<ref>Nolan, p. 206</ref>

Other of their hits include "[[My Funny Valentine]]", "[[Falling in Love with Love]]", "[[Here In My Arms]]", "[[Mountain Greenery]]", "[[My Heart Stood Still]]", "[[Blue Room (1926 song)|The Blue Room]]", "[[Ten Cents a Dance]]", "[[Dancing on the Ceiling (1930 song)|Dancing on the Ceiling]]", "[[Lover (Rodgers and Hart song)|Lover]]", "[[Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered]]", "[[Mimi (song)|Mimi]]", and "[[Have You Met Miss Jones?]]".<ref>[http://songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/bio/C66 Hart Biography] songwritershalloffame.org, accessed April 5, 2009</ref>

=== List of well-known songs ===
* {{cite book|title=The Complete Lyrics of Lorenz Hart|editor=Dorothy Hart and Robert Kimball|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=1995|isbn=0-306-80667-3}}

*(1925) "[[Manhattan (song)|Manhattan]]" and "[[Mountain Greenery]]" (from ''[[The Garrick Gaieties]]'')
*(1925) "[[Here in My Arms|Here In My Arms]]" (from ''[[Dearest Enemy]]'')
*(1926) "[[Blue Room (1926 song)|The Blue Room]]" (from ''[[The Girl Friend]]'')
*(1927) "[[Thou Swell]]" (from ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (musical)|A Connecticut Yankee]]'')
*(1927) "[[My Heart Stood Still]]" (from ''One Dam Thing After Another'')
*(1928) "[[You Took Advantage of Me]]" (from ''[[Present Arms (musical)|Present Arms]]'')
*(1929) "A Ship Without a Sail" (from ''Me For You'')
*(1930) "Yours Sincerely" and "[[With a Song in My Heart (song)|With a Song in My Heart]]" (from ''[[Spring Is Here (film)|Spring Is Here]]'')
*(1930) "[[Ten Cents a Dance]]" and "[[Dancing on the Ceiling (1930 song)|Dancing on the Ceiling]]" (from ''[[Simple Simon (musical)|Simple Simon]]'')
*(1931) "[[I've Got Five Dollars|I've Got Five Dollars]]" (from ''[[America's Sweetheart (musical)|America's Sweetheart]]'')
*(1932) "[[Lover (Rodgers and Hart song)|Lover]]", "[[Mimi (song)|Mimi]]", and "[[Isn't It Romantic?]]", (from ''[[Love Me Tonight]]'')
*(1932) "[[You Are Too Beautiful]]" (from ''[[Hallelujah, I'm a Bum (film)|Hallelujah, I'm a Bum]]'')
*(1934) "[[Blue Moon (1934 song)|Blue Moon]]"
*(1935) "[[Little Girl Blue (song)|Little Girl Blue]]", "[[The Most Beautiful Girl in the World (1935 song)|The Most Beautiful Girl in the World]]" (from ''[[Jumbo (musical)|Jumbo]]'')
*(1935) "[[It's Easy to Remember]]" (from ''[[Mississippi (film)|Mississippi]]'')
*(1936) "[[There's a Small Hotel]]", and "[[Glad to Be Unhappy]]" (from ''[[On Your Toes]]'')
*(1937) "[[Where or When]]", "[[I Wish I Were in Love Again]]", "[[My Funny Valentine]]", "[[Johnny One Note]]", and "[[The Lady Is a Tramp]]" (from ''[[Babes in Arms]]'')
*(1937) "[[Have You Met Miss Jones?]]" (from ''[[I'd Rather Be Right]]'')
*(1938) "[[This Can't Be Love (song)|This Can't Be Love]]", "[[Falling in Love with Love]]", and "[[Sing for Your Supper|Sing For Your Supper]]" (from ''[[The Boys from Syracuse]]'')
*(1938) "[[Spring Is Here]]" and "[[I'll Tell the Man in the Street]]" (from ''[[I Married an Angel]]'')
*(1939) "[[I Didn't Know What Time It Was]]", "[[I Like to Recognize the Tune]]", "[[Give It Back to the Indians]]" (from ''[[Too Many Girls (musical)|Too Many Girls]]'')
*(1940) "[[It Never Entered My Mind]]" (from ''[[Higher and Higher (musical)|Higher and Higher]]'')
*(1940) "[[Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered]]", "[[I Could Write a Book]]", and "Zip" (from ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'')
*(1942) "[[Wait Till You See Her]]", "Nobody's Heart Belongs to Me", "[[Ev'rything I've Got]]" (from ''[[By Jupiter]]'')
*(1943) "[[To Keep My Love Alive]]" (from ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (musical)|A Connecticut Yankee]]'')

== Other works ==
* ''All Points West'' (1937), a [[monodrama]] commissioned by [[Paul Whiteman]]

== See also ==
* [[Herbert Fields]]
* [[List of songwriter tandems]]
* [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

== References ==
*Block, Geoffrey Holden. ''The Richard Rodgers Reader'' (2002), Oxford University Press US, {{ISBN|0-19-513954-2}}
*Denison, Chuck. ''The Great American Songbook: Stories of the Standards'' (2004), Author's Choice Publishing, {{ISBN|1-931741-42-5}}
*Everett, William and Laird, Paul. ''The Cambridge Companion to the Musical'' (2008), Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-86238-8}}
*[[Stanley Green (historian)|Green, Stanley]]. ''The World of Musical Comedy'' (1984, 4th Edition), Da Capo Press, {{ISBN|0-306-80207-4}}
*Nolan, Frederick. ''Lorenz Hart: A Poet on Broadway'' (1995), Oxford University Press US,{{ISBN|0-19-510289-4}}
*Secrest, Meryle. ''Somewhere for Me: A Biography of Richard Rodgers'' (2002), Hal Leonard Corporation, {{ISBN|1-55783-581-0}}
*Zinnser, William. ''Easy to Remember'' (2000), Godine, {{ISBN|1-56792-147-7}}

==External links==
*[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/dialogue/dialogue_mrodgers.html Interview with Mary Rodgers about Rodgers and Hart for PBS (1999)]
*{{IMDb name|0006256|Richard Rodgers}}
*{{IBDB name|8323|Richard Rodgers}}
*{{IMDb name|0366414|Lorenz Hart}}
*[http://www.musicals101.com/1920bway4.htm History of The Musical Stage, 1920s IV, by John Kenrick, musicals101.com]
*[https://findingaids.loc.gov/exist_collections/ead3pdf/music/2002/mu002002.pdf   Richard Rodgers Collection Guides to Special Collections in the Music Division of the Library of Congress (2006)]

{{Rodgers and Hart}}

[[Category:American songwriting teams]]
[[Category:American musical duos]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:American male musical duos]]