Editing Rodmond Roblin

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2007}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name             = Sir Rodmond Palen Roblin
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|KCMG|size=100%}}
| image            = Rodmond Palen Roblin.jpg
| imagesize        = 
| order            = 9th
| office           = Premier of Manitoba
| predecessor      = [[Hugh John Macdonald]]
| successor        = [[Tobias Norris]]
| monarch          = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]<br />[[Edward VII]]<br />[[George V]]
| lieutenant_governor = [[Daniel Hunter McMillan]]<br />[[Douglas Cameron (politician)|Douglas Cameron]]
| term_start       = October 29, 1900
| term_end         = May 12, 1915
| office1          = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] for [[Dufferin (Manitoba provincial electoral district)|Dufferin]]
| term_start1      = March 12, 1888
| term_end1        = July 23, 1892 
| predecessor1     = ''District created''
| successor1       = ''District eliminated''
| term_start2      = July 20, 1903 
| term_end2        = August 6, 1915
| predecessor2     = ''District recreated''
| successor2       = [[Edward August]]
| office3          = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] for [[Woodlands (electoral district)|Woodlands]]
| term_start3      = January 15, 1896
| term_end3        = July 20, 1903 
| predecessor3     = [[Hugh Armstrong (politician)|Hugh Armstrong]]
| successor3       = ''District abolished''
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1853|02|15}}
| birth_place      = [[Sophiasburgh]], [[Prince Edward County, Ontario|Prince Edward County]], [[Canada West]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1937|02|16|1853|02|15}}
| death_place      = [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]], [[Arkansas]]
| nationality      =
| spouse           = Adelaide DeMille <br />(1853–1928 m. 1875) <br /> Ethel Leggett <br />(1878–1962 m. 1929)
| party            =
| relations        = [[Dufferin Roblin]] (grandson)
| children         = Frederick Roblin <br />(1876–?)<br />Wilfrid Laurier Roblin <br />(1878–1952)<br />James Platt Roblin <br />(1883–1890)<br />Arthur Bettram Roblin <br />(1885–1950)<br />George Aubrey Roblin <br />(1887–1941)<br />Charles Dufferin Roblin <br />(1892–1973)
| residence        =
| alma_mater       =  Albert College 
| occupation       = businessman
| profession       = politician 
| cabinet          = President of the Council <br />(1900–1915)<br />Railway Commissioner <br />(1900–1907)<br />Minister of Agriculture <br />(1900–1911)<br />Provincial Lands Commissioner <br />(1905–1915)<br />Railway Commissioner <br />(1908–1915)<br />Provincial Secretary <br />(1911–1913)
| committees       = 
| portfolio        = 
| religion         =
| signature        =
| website          =
| footnotes        =
}}
'''Sir Rodmond Palen Roblin''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|KCMG}} (February 15, 1853 &ndash; February 16, 1937) was a businessman and politician in [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]].

==Early life and career==
Roblin was born in [[Sophiasburgh Township, Ontario|Sophiasburgh]], in [[Prince Edward County, Ontario|Prince Edward County]], [[Canada West]] (later [[Ontario]]). The Roblin family was established in Sophiasburgh by the Loyalist farmers Philip and Elizabeth Roblin from [[Monroe (village), New York|Smith's Clove (now known as Monroe)]] in [[Orange County, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uelac.org/education/WesternResource/403-Roblin.pdf |title=The Roblins of Manitoba |website=UELAC.org |access-date=August 26, 2022}}</ref> He was educated at Albert College in [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]], arrived in [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]] in 1877, and worked as a [[grain trade|grain merchant]].  Roblin served as [[Reeve (Canada)|reeve]] of [[Dufferin, Manitoba|Dufferin]] for five years and as warden for two and was also a school trustee in the community.

He entered provincial politics in the [[1886 Manitoba general election|1886 Manitoba election]], running as a [[Liberal Party of Manitoba|Liberal Party]] candidate against the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Conservative]] [[cabinet minister]] [[David H. Wilson (politician)|David H. Wilson]] in the constituency of [[Dufferin (Manitoba provincial electoral district)|Dufferin North]]. He lost the race by five votes but won a subsequent by-election held on May 12, 1888.

The by-election took place shortly after [[Thomas Greenway]] had been inaugurated as Manitoba's first Liberal [[Premier of Manitoba|premier]]. Roblin was then a supporter of Greenway and was re-elected by acclamation when the new premier called [[1888 Manitoba general election|another provincial election]] for July 1888.

Although Greenway's Liberals won the election with a landslide majority, the new premier was unable to fulfill a campaign promise for the development of local railways.  The [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] had lost its formal monopoly in the region, but it remained the dominant line, and transportation costs remained high. Confronted with Greenway's failure, Roblin abandoned the government in 1889 and caucused with the small Conservative opposition.  With the death of [[John Norquay]] in the same year, Roblin emerged as the party's leading spokesman and was the Conservative Party's ''de facto'' leader in the legislature between 1890 and 1892.

In opposition, Roblin spoke against Greenway's proposed education reforms. After his failure to reform the provincial railway system, Greenway repudiated an earlier pledge and withdrew state support for Manitoba's [[Catholic]] and francophone education system. His reforms triggered a national political crisis known as the [[Manitoba Schools Question]]. Many Canadian francophones regarded Greenway's policy as discriminatory, but it was extremely popular with Manitoba's anglophone and Protestant majority.  Greenway's government was re-elected in the [[1892 Manitoba general election|1892 election]], and Roblin was personally defeated in the rural constituency, including the town of [[Morden, Manitoba|Morden]].

Greenway won another landslide victory in the [[1896 Manitoba general election|1896 election]], but Roblin was this time returned to the legislature for the constituency of [[Woodlands (Manitoba riding)|Woodlands]].  He became the parliamentary leader of the Conservatives for a second time but stood aside to allow [[Hugh John Macdonald]] to become the official leader of the party in 1897.

The [[1899 Manitoba general election|1899 provincial election]] was very different from the previous two campaigns. The schools question had been resolved in 1896, and Greenway was forced to defend a fairly-mediocre record on other issues against a more organized opposition. The result was a narrow victory for Macdonald's Conservatives, who won 22 of 40 seats.  Macdonald was inaugurated as premier early in 1900. Roblin, who was re-elected in Woodlands, but despite being was the main architect of the Conservative victory, he was left out of cabinet.

==Premiership==
Macdonald resigned as premier on October 29, 1900, to run for the [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative Party of Canada]] against [[Clifford Sifton]] in the federal [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Brandon (electoral district)|Brandon]].  Roblin became premier in his place and also took the powerful cabinet position of [[Railway Commissioner (Manitoba)|Railway Commissioner]]. In December, he also appointed himself as [[Minister of Agriculture (Manitoba)|Minister of Agriculture]]. That consolidation of power reflected Roblin's personal authority over both the government and the provincial Conservative Party: his control over both would be unquestioned for 14 years.

While Greenway had won elections on [[single-issue]] populism, Roblin relied on [[machine politics]] for his electoral success. Despite (or because of) some coercion, he was able to effectively dispense patronage and could rely on the support of many loyal followers at the community level.

Roblin's Conservatives won 31 seats in the [[1903 Manitoba general election|1903 election]] against 9 for Greenway's Liberals. The extent of that victory may be credited to Greenway's leadership of the Liberal Party since he was increasingly uninterested in provincial politics and was spending much of his time looking for a federal patronage appointment. Roblin's machine also coasted to easy victories in [[1907 Manitoba general election|1907]] and [[1910 Manitoba general election|1910]] by winning 28 of 41 seats on both occasions.

Roblin played a crucial role in the [[1911 Canadian federal election|1911 federal election]] on [[reciprocity (Canadian politics)|reciprocity]] by putting his electoral machine at the disposal of the federal [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative Party]]. Roblin thus helped to defeat Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]] and put [[Robert Borden]] in power. Borden in turn enacted legislation to expand Manitoba's boundaries to their current limit.

Like his counterpart [[James Whitney (politician)|James Whitney]], in [[Ontario]], Roblin expanded the role of government in Manitoba and promoted many initiatives that would be regarded today as progressive. As railway commissioner, he reached an agreement with [[Canadian National Railway|Canadian Northern Railways]] to build an alternate route to the lakehead, and he put control of the rates into the hands of the province. His government also promoted significant, expansions in health, education, and road services, all of which were required to service Manitoba's rapidly-increasing population.

Roblin created Manitoba's first [[crown corporations]] by expropriating Bell's telephone services to create a state-owned system, the first effective public utilities system in Canada. The government also started a state-owned system of grain elevators to assist farmers, but that was less successful.  A scandal involving the elevators weakened his government's hold on power in the early 1910s.

Roblin was more conservative on social issues. He is often remembered today for his opposition to [[women's suffrage]] and for clashing with [[Nellie McClung]] on the issue. McClung made Roblin appear foolish in her famous "parliament of women" parodying the premier's patronizing comments on traditional gender roles.  Roblin also resisted demands to enact a labour code to protect workers and was sometimes reluctant to enforce the province's existing legislation.

Roblin is also remembered for folding to pressure from Winnipeg's business community. In 1904, he took the step of reducing the ages for [[child labour]] and increasing the maximum hours of work for women and children.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reformers, Rebels and Revolutionaries: The Western Canadian Radical Movement 1899-1919|last=McCormack|first=A. Ross|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1977|isbn=0-8020-5385-8|location=Canada|pages=8}}</ref>

Roblin's handling of the [[prohibition]] issue was also controversial. Macdonald's government had passed prohibition legislation in 1900, after two separate referendums had confirmed public support for the initiative. Roblin was reluctant to enforce the legislation, however, because his government received significant revenues from the sale of alcohol. He called a third referendum in 1902. When temperance supporters boycotted the poll, prohibition was defeated by a narrow margin.

The [[1914 Manitoba general election|1914 provincial election]] was the start of a watershed period in Manitoba politics. Roblin's government went into the election weakened by a scandal involving the construction of new legislative buildings. His opponents accused the government of corruption and claimed misappropriation of funds and overspending. The Conservatives were re-elected by a reduced margin by winning 28 seats against 20 for the Liberals in an expanded legislature.

When Roblin rejected calls for a formal investigation into the legislative buildings scandal, the Liberal opposition petitioned the [[Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba|Lieutenant Governor]] to take direct action. The Lieutenant-Governor convened his own commission of enquiry, popularly known as the Mathers Commission, as it was led by Chief Justice [[T.A. Mathers]]. After only two weeks, the commission had uncovered enough evidence to force the government's resignation. Roblin formally resigned as premier on May 12, 1915, and the Liberal leader, [[Tobias Norris]], was called to form a new administration. A [[1915 Manitoba general election|new general election]] was called, which the Liberals won a landslide.

==Later life==
The commission's report concluded that Roblin, [[Attorney General (Manitoba)|Attorney General]] [[James H. Howden]], and the developer Thomas Kelly had conspired to commit fraud in the contract arrangements.  Roblin was indicted but was eventually discharged of [[criminal responsibility]]. He died in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]], in 1937.

He is the grandfather of another Manitoba premier, [[Dufferin Roblin]].

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/roblin_rp.shtml Manitoba Historical Society profile]
* [http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006889 Rodmond Roblin] at [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]
* [http://ryeland.com/getperson.php?personID=I7359&tree=Ryeland Rodmond Palen Roblin] at Ryeland Family Tree

{{Manitoba PC Leaders}}
{{MBPremiers}}

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[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Premiers of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Manitoba Conservative Party]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:United Empire Loyalists]]
[[Category:Manitoba school board members]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]