Editing Rohtang Pass

{{Short description|Mountain pass}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Rohtang Pass
| photo = Kullu Valley from Rohtang Pass, India.jpg
| photo_caption = A view from Rohtang Pass
| elevation_m = 3978
| elevation_ref = 
| traversed = [[Leh-Manali Highway]]
| location = [[India]]
| range = [[Pir Panjal]], [[Himalayas]]
| coords = {{coord|32|22|17|N|77|14|47|E|type:pass|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo = 
| map = India Himachal Pradesh
}}

'''Rohtang Pass'''  ('''Rohtang ''', lit "pile of corpses"<ref name="nytimes.com">Polgreen, Lydia "[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/01/world/asia/01pass.html?ref=asia India Digs Under Top of the World to Match Rival]". ''New York Times''. Accessed 31 July 2010.</ref>) is a high [[mountain pass]] (elevation {{convert|13058|ft|m|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}) on the eastern end of the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of the Himalayas around {{convert|51|km|abbr=on}} from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] in the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="panoramio">{{cite web|url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/97061|title=Panoramio - Photo of Rohtang Pass (3978 m)|publisher=panoramio.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="himalayan-fantasy">{{cite web|url=http://himalayan-fantasy.com/kullu-manali-rhothang-pass/rohtang-pass/|title=Rohtang Pass - Himalayan Fantasy|publisher=himalayan-fantasy.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="mountainhighs">{{cite web|url=http://www.mountainhighs.com/Photos/images/Rohtang-pass%20Himalayas.jpg|title=Image: Rohtang-pass&nbsp;Himalayas.jpg, (450 × 338 px)|publisher=mountainhighs.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="taxivala">{{cite web|url=http://www.taxivala.com/media/news/news_a3f1d190-1ebf-208f-9c4f-4dfee1789304.jpg|title=Image: news_a3f1d190-1ebf-208f-9c4f-4dfee1789304.jpg, (350 × 525 px)|publisher=taxivala.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref> It connects the [[Kullu district|Kullu Valley]] with the [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]] Valleys of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Geography==
The pass provides a natural divide between the [[Kullu Valley]] with a primarily Hindu culture (in the south), and the arid high-altitude [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]] valleys with a [[Buddhist]] culture (in the north). The pass lies on the watershed between the [[Chenab]] and [[Beas River|Beas]] basins. On the southern side of this pass, the [[Beas River]] emerges from underground and flows southward<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.himachalpradesh.us/geography/himachal_river_beas.php
 |title       = Beas River in Himachal Pradesh
 |author      = himachalpradesh.us
 |access-date  = 24 June 2009
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090414125418/http://www.himachalpradesh.us/geography/himachal_river_beas.php
 |archive-date = 14 April 2009
 |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> and on its northern side, the Chandra River (flows from the eastern Himalayas), a source stream of the river [[Chenab]], flows westward.

==Overview==
The pass is open from May to November. It is not particularly high or difficult to cross on foot by Himalayan standards, but it has a well-deserved reputation for being dangerous because of unpredictable snowstorms and blizzards.<ref>{{cite book| author = Janet Rizvi| title = Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia| date = 1 June 1998| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-564546-0| pages = 9–10 }}</ref>

This pass is an ancient trade route between the people on either side of [[Pir Panjal]]. There are many other passes in Lahaul and Spiti which have specific names (Kunzam La, Baralacha La, etc.). This is suggestive of the fact that this must have been the oldest and most frequented pass in the region, or the fact that it is the main pass leading from one cultural region to another, quite different one, to the north. The name Rohtang comes from Persian/ Farsi words Ruh+ Tang which means pile of dead bodies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-07 |title=Rohtang Pass |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/place/rohtang-pass/articleshow/58374777.cms |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The former National Highway 21 (NH 21, now numbered NH 3), the road through the [[Kullu]] Valley, terminates at [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]. The road northwards over the Rohtang Pass to [[Keylong]] in [[Lahaul and Spiti district]] and on to [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]] is not a national highway. Nonetheless, the [[Leh-Manali Highway]] has become very busy during the summer months as an alternate military route since the [[Kargil Conflict]] in 1999. Traffic jams are common as military vehicles, trucks, and goods carriers try to navigate the tight roads and rough terrain, compounded by snow and ice at certain points and the large number of tourist vehicles.

[[File:Waterfall Marhi Himachal Jun18 D72 8081.jpg|thumb|Waterfall on the Beas River, Marhi (Elev. {{convert|3360|m|ft|abbr=on}}]]
Several episodes of the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel's]] ''[[Ice Road Truckers]]'' series spinoff [[IRT Deadliest Roads]] dealt with truckers crossing the Rohtang Pass to deliver supplies.<ref name="IRTDeadliestRoads">{{cite episode | title = Crumbling Roads | url = http://www.history.com/shows/irt-deadliest-roads/episodes#slide-3 | access-date = 2 November 2010 | series = IRT Deadliest Roads | series-link = Ice Road Truckers#IRT: Deadliest Roads | network = History Channel | airdate = 31 October 2010 | season = 1 | number = 5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch IRT Deadliest Roads Full Episodes, Video & More {{!}} HISTORY Channel |url=https://www.history.com/shows/irt-deadliest-roads |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The HISTORY Channel |language=en}}</ref>  With increase in Traffic at Rohtang Valley, environmentalists fear its impact on the fragile mountain ecology. A rise in average temperature, and the consequent melting of glaciers, are also issues of severe concern.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rohtang Pass fears ensuing Disaster due to Traffic Surge|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/10/rohtang-pass-fears-ensuing-disaster-due-to-traffic-surge/|access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref>

== Latest News ==
Sometimes travelling to Rohtang Pass is difficult. Therefore, the government is stressing on setting up a ropeway between Kothi village which is in Manali and Rohtang Pass.  The NGT (National Green Tribunal) has asked the state government of [[Himachal Pradesh]] to complete all the formalities to start a ropeway. With the coming of a ropeway, we can reduce carbon emission from vehicles. Heavy snowfall blocks the road in winter and a ropeway will be very useful.<ref name="Latest News">{{cite news|title=Latest News|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/rohtang-ropeway-issue-govt-calls-for-public-hearing/articleshow/59837910.cms|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

==Road tunnel under the Pass==
{{Main|Atal Tunnel}}
As the pass gets blocked by snow and the road over the pass closes from November to May rendering [[Lahaul]] and [[Spiti]] districts north of the pass inaccessible, a need was felt to build a tunnel under the pass. The project was announced by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 3 June 2000. The work was started by BRO on 6 May 2002. The foundation stone of the project was laid on 28 June 2010 by Sonia Gandhi in her capacity as the Chairperson of National Advisory Council. The road tunnel called ''Atal Tunnel'' has been excavated and became operational on 3 October 2020 after formal inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It obviates the need to travel over the Rohtang Pass. While it takes 4 to 6 hours to ascend, negotiate and descend the Rohtang Pass, travel through the Rohtang Tunnel takes only about 30 minutes.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rohtang pass snowy valley01.jpg|Winter sports
File:Himalayas from Rohtang Pass.jpg|A panoramic view of distant Himalayan peaks from Rohtang Pass, May 2009
File:Mountains near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Mountains near Rohtang Pass
Image:Road_to_Rohtang_Pass_from_Manali.jpg|[[Leh-Manali Highway]] as seen from near the Rohtang Pass
File:Tourist vehicles at Rohtang Pass.jpg|Tourist Vehicles at Rohtang Pass, May 2009
File:Dhabas At Rohtang Pass.jpg|A view of Dhabas (road-side eateries) at [[Marhi]] and [[Leh-Manali Highway]] on the way to Rohtang Pass, May 2009
Image:View from top of rohtang.jpg|View from top of Rohtang
File:Traffic jam on road to Rohtang Pass.jpg|Traffic jam descending from Rohtang, 2004
File:2007_10_09_India_Keylong_-_Rohtang_Pass_-_Manali.JPG|Summit of Rohtang Pass 13,000&nbsp;ft above Sea Level, October 2007
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://sss.vn.ua/india/himachal/keylong_manali/index2en.htm#Rohtang Photos of Rohtang Pass & the road from Keylong to Manali]

{{Leh-Manali Highway}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti district}}
{{Mountain passes of India}}

[[Category:Mountain passes of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Kullu district]]
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Geography of Lahaul and Spiti district]]
[[Category:Transport in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]