Editing Ronald Knox

{{Short description|English Catholic priest and author (1888–1957)}}
{{For|the American football player|Ronnie Knox}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = priest
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Reverend]] [[Monsignor]]
| name = Ronald Knox
| title = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image = Ronald_Knox.jpg
| caption = Knox c. 1928
| religion = [[Catholic Church]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1888|02|17}}
| birth_place = [[Kibworth]], [[Leicestershire]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1957|08|24|1888|02|17}}
| death_place = [[Mells, Somerset]], England
| buried = [[Church of St Andrew, Mells]]
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|51.241928|-2.390525}}
| location = 
| ordination = 1918
| previous_post = Anglican priest in the [[Church of England]] (1912–1917)
| parents = [[Edmund Knox (bishop of Manchester)|Edmund Knox]] (father)
}}

'''Ronald Arbuthnott Knox''' (17 February 1888 – 24 August 1957) was an [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|English Catholic]] priest, [[Catholic theology|theologian]], author, and radio broadcaster. Educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and [[Balliol College, Oxford]], where he earned a high reputation as a [[Classics|classicist]], Knox was ordained as a priest of the [[Church of England]] in 1912. He was a fellow and chaplain of [[Trinity College, Oxford]] until he resigned from those positions following his conversion to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] in 1917. Knox became a Catholic priest in 1918, continuing in that capacity his scholarly and literary work.

Knox served as [[Oxford University Catholic Chaplaincy|Catholic chaplain]] at the [[University of Oxford]] from 1926 to 1939. He completed the "[[Knox Bible]]", a new English translation of the [[Vulgate|Latin Vulgate Bible]] that was used in Catholic services during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1951, Pope [[Pius XII]] appointed Knox [[protonotary apostolic]] ''ad instar'', which entitled Knox to the honorific "[[monsignor]]".

Knox published extensively on religious, philosophical, and literary subjects. He also produced several popular works of [[detective fiction]]. He is remembered for his "Ten Commandments" for detective stories, which sought to codify a form of crime fiction in which the reader may participate by attempting to find a solution to the mystery before the fictional detective reveals it.

== Early life and education ==

Ronald Knox was born into an [[Anglican]] family in [[Kibworth]], [[Leicestershire]]. His father was the Rev. [[Edmund Knox (bishop of Manchester)|Edmund Arbuthnott Knox]], who later became [[Bishop of Manchester]] in the [[Church of England]] and who was related to the [[John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott|8th Viscount of Arbuthnott]].  Ronald's maternal grandfather was [[Valpy French]], the first Anglican [[Bishop of Lahore (Church of Pakistan)|Bishop of Lahore]] in what was then part of the [[British Raj]].  Both Edmund Knox and Valpy French were prominent [[Evangelical Anglicanism|Evangelical Anglicans]].{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=29–30}}

Ronald was educated at [[The Eaton House Group of Schools|Eaton House School]] in London<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mr T.S. Morton|date=23 January 1962|work=The Times}}</ref> and [[Summer Fields School]] in Oxford.{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=48}} In 1900 he entered [[Eton College]] as first [[King's Scholar]].  He enjoyed great academic and social success at Eton, where he was selected for membership in the Eton Society ("Pop") and became captain of the school.  He also began to cultivate an interest in [[Anglo-Catholicism]], which put him increasingly at odds with his own family's Evangelical tradition.  At age 17, he privately vowed to remain [[Celibacy|celibate]] for life.<ref>Sheridan Gilley, Knox, Ronald Arbuthnott (1888–1957). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/34358, version: 26 May 2016</ref>

In 1904 Ronald proceeded to [[Balliol College, Oxford]] as the first classics scholar.{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=59}} He won several other scholarships and prizes during his time there: the Hertford Scholarship in 1907; the Craven and Ireland scholarships, the [[Gaisford Prize]] for Greek Verse Composition in 1908, and the Chancellor's Prize for Latin Verse Composition in 1910.{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=89}} At Oxford, Knox joined [[Maurice Child]]'s fashionable "set", which was strongly identified with Anglo-Catholicism.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

In 1910, Knox was elected a fellow of [[Trinity College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Corbishley |first1=Thomas |title=Ronald Knox: The Priest |date=1964 |publisher=[[Sheed & Ward]] |location=New York |page=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/ronaldknoxpriest00corb/page/18/mode/2up}}</ref>  As he was not expected to begin tutorials until 1911, Knox then accepted the job of private tutor to [[Harold Macmillan]], the brother of a friend from Eton, who was at the time preparing to apply for a scholarship to Balliol.  However, Macmillan's mother soon dismissed Knox, after Knox refused to follow her instructions not to discuss religion with Harold.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=Penelope |author1-link=Penelope Fitzgerald |title=The Knox Brothers |date=2000 |publisher=[[Counterpoint (publisher)|Counterpoint]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-58243-095-0 |page=109 |url=https://archive.org/details/knoxbrothers00pene/page/109/mode/2up}}</ref>

==Church of England==
Knox was ordained an Anglican priest in 1912 and was appointed [[chaplain]] of Trinity College. During [[World War I]], he served in military intelligence for the British Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://authorscalendar.info/knox.htm|title=Ronald A. Knox|website=authorscalendar.info|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref> In 1915, [[Cyril Alington]], the headmaster of [[Shrewsbury School]], invited Knox to join the teaching staff. Knox was long remembered at Shrewsbury as the highly dedicated and entertaining form master of Vb.<ref>''The life of Ronald Knox'' by Evelyn Waugh, 1959 and ''The History of Shrewsbury School'' by J. B. Oldham.</ref>

==Conversion and ministry==
In 1917 Knox converted to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and resigned as Anglican chaplain, prompting his father to cut Knox out of his will.<ref>'''UK:''' {{cite book|title=The Knox Brothers|publisher=Macmillan|year=1977|isbn=978-0-333-19426-3|edition=1st|location=London|page=261|oclc=59050056|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=Penelope|author-link1=Penelope Fitzgerald}}  '''USA:''' {{cite book|title=The Knox Brothers|publisher=Coward, McCann & Geoghegan|year=1977|isbn=978-0-698-10860-8|edition=1st|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/knoxbrothersedmu00fitz/page/261 261]|oclc=3090064|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=Penelope|author-link1=Penelope Fitzgerald|lccn=00055492|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/knoxbrothersedmu00fitz/page/261}}</ref> In 1918, Knox was ordained a Catholic priest and in 1919 joined the staff of [[St Edmund's College (Ware)|St Edmund's College]] in Ware, Hertfordshire, remaining there until 1926. Knox explained his spiritual journey in ''A Spiritual Aeneid'', published by Longmans in 1918. Knox stated that his conversion was influenced in part by [[G. K. Chesterton]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYzgBAAAQBAJ|title=Catholic Literary Giants: A Field Guide to the Catholic Literary Landscape|last=Pearce|first=Joseph|year=2014|publisher=San Francisco: Ignatius Press|pages=47, 142|isbn=9781586179441|access-date=December 18, 2016}}</ref> who was a High Church Anglican at the time, but not yet a Catholic. In 1922, Chesterton converted to Catholicism and said that Knox had influenced his decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ronaldknoxsociety.com/|title=The Ronald Knox Society of North America|website=www.ronaldknoxsociety.com|access-date=2016-12-18|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111103710/http://www.ronaldknoxsociety.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Knox wrote and broadcast on Christianity and other subjects. While [[Oxford University Catholic Chaplaincy|chaplain]] at the [[University of Oxford]] (1926–1939) and after his elevation to a [[monsignor]] in 1936, he wrote classic detective stories. In 1929 Knox codified the rules for detective stories into a "decalogue" of [[Ten Commandments|ten commandments]]. He was one of the founding members of the [[Detection Club]] and wrote several works of detective fiction, including five novels and a short story featuring Miles Bredon,<ref>Grosset, Philip. [http://www.detecs.org/bredon.html "Miles Bredon"], detecs.org. Retrieved 16 May 2011.</ref> who is employed as a private investigator by the Indescribable Insurance Company.<ref>p. 187. Rooney, David M. ''The Wine of Certitude: A Literary Biography of Ronald Knox''. Ignatius Press, 2009.</ref>

In 1936, directed by his religious superiors, Knox started retranslating the ''[[Latin Vulgate Bible]]'' into English using [[Hebrew]] and [[Greece|Greek]] sources. His works on religious themes include: ''Some Loose Stones'' (1913), ''Reunion All Round'' (1914), ''A Spiritual Aeneid'' (1918), ''The Belief of Catholics'' (1927), ''[[Caliban in Grub Street]]'' (1930), ''Heaven and Charing Cross'' (1935), ''Let Dons Delight'' (1939) and ''Captive Flames'' (1940). When G. K. Chesterton died in 1936, Knox delivered a [[panegyric]] for his [[Requiem Mass]] in [[Westminster Cathedral]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/day-requiem-heavyweight|title=On this day: Requiem for a Heavyweight|date=2011-06-27|newspaper=National Catholic Reporter|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

An essay in Knox's ''Essays in Satire'' (1928), "Studies in the Literature of Sherlock Holmes", was the first of the genre of mock-serious critical writings on [[Sherlock Holmes]] and mock-historical studies in which [[Sherlockian game|the existence of Holmes, Watson, et al. is assumed]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wessexpress.com/html/knox.html|title=Gasogene Books - Ronald Knox and Sherlock Holmes: The Origins of Sherlockian Studies|website=www.wessexpress.com|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref> Another of these essays, "The Authorship of [[In Memoriam A.H.H.|''In Memoriam'']]", purports to prove that [[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Tennyson]]'s poem was actually written by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. Another satirical essay, "Reunion All Round", mocked Anglican tolerance by appealing to the Anglican Church in [[Jonathan Swift|Swiftean]] literary style to absorb Muslims, atheists, and even Catholics who had murdered Irish children.<ref>{{cite book |first=Bruce |last=Shaw |title=Jolly Good Detecting: Humor in English Crime Fiction of the Golden Age |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland |year=2014 |isbn=9780786478866 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=THpkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 |page=238 }}</ref>

In 1954 Knox visited [[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith|Julian Asquith]] and [[Anne Asquith]] in [[Zanzibar]] and [[John Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 3rd Baron Acton|John and Daphne Acton]] in Rhodesia.{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=320}} While in Africa, Knox began his translation of ''[[The Imitation of Christ]].''  After returning to [[Mells, Somerset|Mells]] in England, he started translating Thérèse of Lisieux's ''[[The Story of a Soul|Autobiography of a Saint]]''. He also began a work of [[apologetics]] intended to reach a wider audience than the student one of his ''The Belief of Catholics'' (1927). In 1957, Knox suffered a serious illness that curtailed all his work. At the invitation of Harold Macmillan, Knox stayed at [[10 Downing Street]] while consulting a medical specialist in London. The doctor confirmed that Knox had [[terminal cancer]].

Knox died on 24 August 1957, and his body was brought to [[Westminster Cathedral]]. Bishop George L. Craven celebrated the requiem Mass and Fr [[Martin D'Arcy]] preached the panegyric. Knox was buried in the churchyard of [[St Andrew's Church, Mells]].{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=333–334}}

==Radio hoax==
In January 1926, on [[BBC Radio]], Knox presented ''Broadcasting the Barricades,'' a simulated live report of revolution in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/page/5c1d5997782341e4ba3eeb25a64147a5|title=Broadcasting the Barricades|website=[[BBC Genome]]|date=16 January 1926}}</ref> The broadcast reported the lynching of several people, including a government minister. It also mixed what it called band music from the [[Savoy Hotel]] with sounds of the hotel's purported destruction by trench mortars. The broadcast also claimed that the [[Houses of Parliament]] and the [[Big Ben|Clock Tower]] had also been destroyed.

Because the broadcast occurred on a snowy weekend, newspaper delivery was unavailable to much of the United Kingdom for several days. The lack of newspapers caused a minor panic, as people believed that the broadcast events in London were to blame. In May 1926, there was considerable public disorder during the [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|General Strike]], so people were previously open to the possibility of a revolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetslade.com/ronald-knox1.html|title=Holy terror: The first great radio hoax|last=Slade|first=Paul|publisher=PlanetSlade.com|access-date=14 May 2010}}</ref>

In a 1980s interview for his biography ''[[This is Orson Welles]]'' (1992), [[Orson Welles]] says that the BBC broadcast gave him the idea for his own 1938 [[CBS Radio]] dramatization of "[[The War of the Worlds (radio)|The War of the Worlds]]", which led to a similar panic among some American listeners.<ref>Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich, ''[[This is Orson Welles]]''. HarperAudio, 30 September 1992. {{ISBN|1559946806}} Audiotape 4A 6:25–6:42. Welles states, "I got the idea from a BBC show that had gone on the year before [''sic''], when a Catholic priest told how some Communists had seized London and a lot of people in London believed it. And I thought that'd be fun to do on a big scale, let's have it from outer space — that's how I got the idea."</ref> A 2005 BBC report also suggested that the Knox broadcast may have influenced Welles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_4080000/newsid_4081000/4081060.stm|title=Show that sparked a riot|last=Snoddy|first=Raymond|publisher=BBC NewsWatch|date=13 June 2005}}</ref>

The script of the broadcast is reprinted in ''Essays in Satire'' (1928) as "A Forgotten Interlude".

== Knox's Ten Rules for Detective Fiction ==
The majority of novels of Knox's era, dubbed [[Golden Age of Detective Fiction|The Golden Age of Detective Fiction]], were "[[whodunit]]s" with codified rules to allow the reader to attempt to solve the mystery before the detective. According to Knox, a detective story<blockquote>must have as its main interest the unravelling of a mystery; a mystery whose elements are clearly presented to the reader at an early stage in the proceedings, and whose nature is such as to arouse curiosity, a curiosity which is gratified at the end.<ref>From the ''Introduction'' to ''The Best Detective Stories of 1928-29''. Reprinted in Haycraft, Howard, ''Murder for Pleasure: The Life and Times of the Detective Story,'' Revised edition, New York: Biblio and Tannen, 1976.</ref></blockquote>He expanded upon this definition by giving ten rules of writing detective fiction:

# The criminal must be mentioned in the early part of the story, but must not be anyone whose thoughts the reader has been allowed to know.
# All [[supernatural]] or [[preternatural]] agencies are ruled out as a matter of course.
# Not more than one secret room or [[Secret passage|passage]] is allowable.
# No hitherto undiscovered poisons may be used, nor any appliance which will need a long scientific explanation at the end.
# No [[Chinaman (term)|Chinaman]] must figure in the story. (Note: This is a reference to the common use of heavily [[stereotype]]d Asian characters in detective fiction of the time).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rzepka|first=Charles J.|date=2007|title=Race, Region, Rule: Genre and the Case of Charlie Chan|journal=PMLA|volume=122|issue=5|pages=1463–1481|doi=10.1632/pmla.2007.122.5.1463|jstor=25501797|s2cid=143950257|issn=0030-8129}}</ref>
# No accident must ever help the detective, nor must he ever have an unaccountable intuition which proves to be right.
# The detective himself must not commit the crime.
# The detective is bound to declare any clues which he may discover.
# The "[[sidekick]]" of the detective, the [[Dr. Watson|Watson]], must not conceal from the reader any thoughts which pass through his mind: his intelligence must be slightly, but very slightly, below that of the average reader.
# Twin brothers, and doubles generally, must not appear unless we have been duly prepared for them.

==Publications==

===Selected works===
[[File:Knox's_translation_of_Matthew_5.png|right|alt=Knox's translation of Matthew 5|271x271px]]
[[File:Knox title page.png|thumb|Title page of Knox's New Testament]]
*[[Knox Bible]], a translation of the [[Latin Vulgate]]
*''Some Loose Stones: Being a Consideration of Certain Tendencies in Modern Theology Illustrated by Reference to the Book Called "Foundations"'' (1913)
*''Absolute and Abitofhell'' (1913). A satire in the manner of [[Dryden]] on the [[latitudinarianism]] of the authors of ''Foundations'' (including [[William Temple (bishop)|William Temple]], later [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]).
*''The Church in Bondage'' (1914). Sermons
*''Reunion All Round'' (1914). A satire on the readiness of certain Anglicans to sink doctrinal differences with the [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformist]] sects in the interests of Christian good fellowship.<ref name="EW">The brief description of this book is from Waugh, Evelyn (1959). ''The Life of Ronald Knox''. London: Chapman & Hall. (Paperback: London: Fontana Books, 1962).</ref>
*''Bread or Stone'' (1915). Four addresses on impetrative or [[petitionary prayer]].
*''A Spiritual Aeneid: Being an Account of a Journey to the Catholic Faith'' (1918)
*''Meditations on the Psalms'' (1919)
*''Patrick Shaw-Stewart'' (1920). Biography of [[Patrick Shaw-Stewart]], who died on active service in the [[World War I|First World War]].
*''Memories of the Future: Being Memories of the Years 1915–1972, Written in the Year of Grace 1988 by Opal, Lady Porstock'' (1923). Combines a [[parody]] of the current autobiographies of women of fashion with a gentle satire on current whims—educational, medical, political and theological.<ref name="EW"/>
*''Sanctions: A Frivolity'' (1924). A fiction in which the guests at a country-house party find all their conversations turning towards the question, what are the ultimate sanctions, social, intellectual, supernatural, which determine human behaviour and destiny?<ref name="EW"/>
*''Other Eyes Than Ours'' (1926). A satirical tale about a hoax played on a circle of [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualists]].<ref name="EW"/>
*''An Open-Air Pulpit'' (1926). Essays.
*''The Belief of Catholics'' (1927). His survey of Catholic belief, considered a classic of [[apologetics]] and a Catholic equivalent to [[C. S. Lewis]]'s ''[[Mere Christianity]]''. Authorized new edition published in 2022 (Providence, RI: Cluny Media).
*''Essays in Satire'' (1928). Contains his Anglican humorous writings, with some subsequent literary essays."<ref name="EW"/>
*''The Mystery of the Kingdom and Other Sermons'' (1928).
*''The Church on Earth'' (1929).
*''On Getting There'' (1929). Essays.
*''Caliban in Grub Street'' (1930). A satire on the religious opinions of some of the chief popular writers of the day (including [[Arnold Bennett]] and Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]).<ref name="EW"/>
*''Broadcast Minds'' (1932). A criticism of the religious opinions of some of the leading scientific publicists of the time (including [[Julian Huxley]] and [[Bertrand Russell]]).<ref name="EW"/>
*''Difficulties: Being a Correspondence About the Catholic Religion'', with [[Arnold Lunn]] (1932). An exchange of letters with Lunn about the Catholic Church. Lunn later converted.
*''Heaven and Charing Cross: Sermons on the Holy Eucharist'' (1935)
*''[[Barchester Pilgrimage]]'' (1935). A sequel to the ''[[Chronicles of Barsetshire]]'' written in the style of [[Anthony Trollope|Trollope]]. It follows the fortunes of the children and grandchildren of Trollope's characters up to the time of writing, with some gentle satire on the social, political and religious changes of the 20th century.<ref name ="EW"/> It was reprinted in 1990 by the Trollope Society.
*''Let Dons Delight'' (1939). One of Knox's most famous works, though currently out of print. Taking as its subject the history of Oxford from the [[Reformation]] to shortly before World War II, it traces the disintegration of a common culture through the conversations of the dons of Simon Magus, a fictional college, first in 1588, and then by fifty-year intervals until 1938.
*''Captive Flames'' (1940). Twenty-one homilies on some of Knox's favourite saints, including [[St Cecilia]], [[St Dominic]], St [[Joan of Arc]] and St [[Ignatius of Loyola]]. Authorized new edition published in 2022 (Providence, RI: Cluny Media).
*''In Soft Garments'' (1942). Addresses to Oxford students on faith in the modern world.
*''God and the Atom'' (1945). An ethical and philosophical analysis of the shock of the [[atomic bomb]], its use against [[Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] and the moral questions arising therefrom.
*''The Mass in Slow Motion'' (1948). A book of talks for schoolgirls which, with its two successors, became the most popular of all Knox's writings.<ref name="EW"/> Authorized new edition published in 2022 (Providence, RI: Cluny Media).
*''The Creed in Slow Motion'' (1949). The second book of his talks for schoolgirls. Authorized new edition published in 2022 (Providence, RI: Cluny Media).
*''On Englishing the Bible'' (1949). Book of 8 essays about re-translating the Bible from the Latin Vulgate, with Hebrew/Greek sources.
*''The Gospel in Slow Motion'' (1950). The final book of his talks for schoolgirls. Authorized new edition published in 2022 (Providence, RI: Cluny Media).
*''St Paul's Gospel'' (1950). A series of [[Lent]]en sermons preached that year by Knox in Westminster Cathedral.
*''Enthusiasm: A Chapter in the History of Religion with Special Reference to the XVII and XVIII Centuries'' (1950). Knox's own favourite book,{{sfn|Waugh|1959|p=314}} it is a study of the various movements of Christian men and women who have tried to live a less worldly life than other Christians, claiming the direct guidance of the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]], and eventually splitting off into separate sects. [[Quietism (philosophy)|Quietism]] and [[Jansenism]] seemed to be the primary foci.
*''Stimuli'' (1951). A selection of his monthly contributions to ''[[The Sunday Times]]''.
*''The Hidden Stream: Mysteries of the Christian Faith'' (1952). Addresses to Oxford students in which Knox evaluates fundamental [[dogma]]s and stumbling blocks of Catholicism.
*''Off the Record'' (1953). A selection of fifty-one letters addressed to individual inquirers on religious topics of general interest.
*''In Soft Garments: A Collection of Oxford Conferences'' (1953).
*''The Window in the Wall and Other Sermons on the Holy Eucharist'' (1956)
*''Bridegroom and Bride'' (1957). Wedding addresses.
*''Literary Distractions'' (1958). Essays on writers, Trollope's Barsetshire etc.
*''Lightning Meditations'' (1959). Short sermons.

===Detective fiction===
====Miles Bredon mysteries====
*''[[The Three Taps]]'' (1927, novel)
*''[[The Footsteps at the Lock]]'' (1928, novel) – Serialised, Westminster Gazette, 1928
* "Solved by Inspection" (1931, short story)
*''[[The Body in the Silo]]'' (1933, novel)
*''[[Still Dead]]'' (1934, novel)
*''[[Double Cross Purposes]]'' (1937, novel)

====Novels====
*''[[The Viaduct Murder]]'' (1925)

====Short stories====
* "The Motive" (1937)
* "The Adventure of the First Class Carriage" (1947) – a [[Sherlock Holmes]] pastiche.

====Collaborative works by the Detection Club====
*''[[The Scoop and Behind the Screen|Behind the Screen]]'' (1930) (six contributors including Knox)
*''[[The Floating Admiral]]'' (1931) (fourteen contributors including Knox)
*''Six Against the Yard'' (1936) (six contributors including Knox)

==See also==
*[[Golden Age of Detective Fiction]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Corbishley, Thomas; Speaight, Robert. ''Ronald Knox, the priest the writer'' (1965) [https://archive.org/details/ronaldknoxpriest00corb online free]
* Dayras, Solange. "The Knox Version, or the Trials of a Translator: Translation or Transgression?." ''Translating Religious Texts'', edited by David Jasper, 44-59. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1993. 
* Duhn, Hugo R. ''A Thematization and Analysis of the Spirituality in the Writings of Ronald A. Knox, 1888-1957'', [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|STD]] dissertation, Studies in Sacred Theology, 2nd Series, No. 284, Catholic University of America, 1981.
* Marshall, George. "Two Autobiographical Narratives of Conversion: Robert Hugh Benson and Ronald Knox." ''British Catholic History'' 24.2 (1998): 237-253.
* Rooney, David M. ''The Wine of Certitude: A Literary Biography of Ronald Knox'' (San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2009).  
* Tastard, Terry. ''Ronald Knox and English Catholicism'' (Leominster:  Gracewing, 2009).
* {{cite book |last1=Waugh |first1=Evelyn |author1-link=Evelyn Waugh |title=The Life of Ronald Knox |date=1959 |publisher=Chapman and Hall |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofronaldknox0000evel/mode/2up}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource author}}
;Digital editions
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/ronald-a-knox}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=50428 | name=Ronald Arbuthnott Knox}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Ronald Knox}}
* {{OL author|129894A}}
* {{Librivox author |id=17224}}

;Other links
* [https://www.lib.umn.edu/pdf/holmes/Blackfriars_v1n3_1920_RA_Knox.pdf "Studies in the Literature of Sherlock Holmes"], ''Blackfriars'', June 1920 (PDF at University of Minnesota Libraries)
*[https://ronaldknoxsociety.blogspot.com/ The Ronald Knox Society of North America]
*[http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/portrait.asp?search=ss&sText=ronald+knox&LinkID=mp02585&rNo=0&role=sit National Portrait Gallery: Ronald Arbuthnott Knox] (various portraits)
*[http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/Knox-Bible/ BibleGateway Knox-Bible] (The Complete Knox Bible with his notes)

{{History of Catholic theology}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Knox, Ronald}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English Anglican priests]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:20th-century English theologians]]
[[Category:20th-century English translators]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Anglo-Catholic clergy]]
[[Category:Anglo-Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Anti-crime activists]]
[[Category:British nationalism]]
[[Category:British Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic biblical scholars]]
[[Category:Conservatism in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Right-wing politics in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British critics of atheism]]
[[Category:Critics of Islamism]]
[[Category:Critics of Marxism]]
[[Category:Christian apologists]]
[[Category:English Anglo-Catholics]]
[[Category:English anti-communists]]
[[Category:English crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:English mystery writers]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:English science fiction writers]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:English sermon writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Members of the Detection Club]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Leicestershire]]
[[Category:British military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People educated at St Edmund's College, Ware]]
[[Category:People educated at Summer Fields School]]
[[Category:People from Kibworth]]
[[Category:The Sunday Times people]]
[[Category:Translators of the Bible into English]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]
[[Category:Burials in Somerset]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]
[[Category:Writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction]]
[[Category:Writers of Sherlock Holmes pastiches]]
[[Category:Anti-Marxism]]
[[Category:Anti-Masonry]]