Editing Ronald Radosh

{{Short description|American historian (born 1937)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name        = Ronald Radosh
|image       = <!-- photorequestedjuly2009.JPG -->
|image_size  = 150px
|caption     = Ronald and Allis Radosh
|spouse      = Alice Schweig (m. 1959; divorced)<br />{{marriage|Allis Rosenberg Radosh|1975}}
|birth_date  = {{Birth year and age|1937}}
|birth_place = New York City, United States<ref>Ronald Radosh (2001). ''Commies; A Journey through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left''. [[Encounter Books]]. page 1.</ref>
|other_names =
|known_for   = Rosenberg espionage case
|occupation  = Writer, professor, historian
|alma_mater  = [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
|awards      =
|education   = PhD (history)
|website     = {{URL|http://www.hudson.org/experts/335-ronald-radosh}}
}}
'''Ronald Radosh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|eɪ|d|ɒ|ʃ}} {{Respell|RAY|dosh}}; born 1937) is an American [[Social conservatism in the United States|social conservative]] writer, professor, historian, and former [[Marxist]]. As he described in his memoirs, Radosh was, like his [[Ashkenazi Jew]]ish parents, a member of the [[Communist Party USA]] until the exposure of the truth about [[Stalinism]] began during the [[Khrushchev Thaw]]. He later became an activist in the [[New Left]] against the [[Vietnam War]].

Radosh turned his attention in the late 1970s to [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]], whom he had believed for decades to have been the innocent victims of [[judicial murder]] by a [[kangaroo court]]. After studying declassified [[FBI]] documents obtained under the [[Freedom of Information Act]] and interviewing their friends and associates, Radosh came to the conclusion that the Rosenbergs had in fact committed [[espionage]] for the Soviet [[KGB]] during the [[Manhattan Project]] and the [[Korean War]], the crime for which they were both executed. When Radosh published his conclusions, despite what he considered to be his efforts to be balanced and objective, the American New Left was outraged.

Radosh describes his subsequent experience, which he termed at the time "Left-Wing [[McCarthyism]]", as the moment when his political views began to shift towards [[neoconservatism]], and states that his subsequent research as a historian has continued to make him very critical of both Marxism and Communism.<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news|title=Oliver Stone Rewrites History|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/magazine/oliver-stone-rewrites-history-again.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 22, 2012|access-date=29 April 2018|last1=Goldman|first1=Andrew}}</ref> Currently employed by the [[Hudson Institute]], Radosh has also published an expose about the covert activities of [[Joseph Stalin]]'s [[NKVD]] and the [[Red Terror (Spain)|Red Terror]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].

His most recent book, about the foundation of the [[State of Israel]], was co-authored with his second wife, Allis Radosh: ''A Safe Haven: [[Harry S. Truman]] and the Founding of Israel'' was published by [[HarperCollins]] in 2009.<ref name=ra1>{{cite web| url = http://www.c-span.org/video/?287514-1/qa-ronald-allis-radosh| title = Q&A with Ronald and Allis Radosh {{!}} C-SPAN.org}}</ref> The Radoshes are currently writing a book about the presidency of [[Warren G. Harding]], to be published by [[Simon & Schuster]].

==Early life==
Radosh was born in the [[Lower East Side of Manhattan]] and raised in [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]].<ref>Ronald Radosh, ''Commies; A Journey Through the [[Old Left]], the New Left, and the Leftover Left'', Encounter Books, 2001. pages 10-11</ref> His parents, Reuben Radosh and Ida Kreichman, were Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]]. A self-described [[red diaper baby]] who was, "born on the First of May", Radosh has stated that his earliest memory is of being taken to a [[May Day]] parade in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]].<ref>Ronald Radosh, ''Commies; A Journey Through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left'', Encounter Books, 2001. page 1.</ref> His maternal uncle, Irving Keith (formerly Irving Kreichman), had trained at the [[International Lenin School]] in Moscow and then travelled to the [[Second Spanish Republic]] to fight as a Commissar in the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Irving Keith, who was [[killed in action]] during the spring 1938 retreat, was revered as an [[anti-fascist]] martyr by the Radosh family and his nephew grew up regularly re-reading his letters. It was only decades later that Radosh became very critical of his uncle's many written defenses of the ongoing [[Red Terror (Spain)|Red Terror]] by the [[Servicio de Información Militar]] throughout the [[Spanish Republican Army]], by simply repeating the [[conspiracy theory]] that all members of the [[anti-Stalinist Left]] were a crypto-fascist "[[fifth column|rearguard]]" who sought to "create divisions in the Popular Front".<ref>Ronald Radosh, ''Commies; A Journey Through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left'', Encounter Books, 2001. pages 9-10.</ref>

In the 1940s and the 1950s, Radosh attended the [[Little Red School House]] and [[Elisabeth Irwin High School]], both of which were private schools for children from the [[Communist Party USA]] families. He also attended the communist-run Camp Woodland for Children in the [[Catskill Mountains]].<ref>''Commies'', Chapter 2, "Commie Camp", pages 15–24.</ref> His memoirs vividly describe school-day encounters with [[Mary Travers (singer)|Mary Travers]], [[Woody Guthrie]], and [[Peter Seeger]].<ref>''Commies'', Chapter 3, "The Little Red Schoolhouse", pages 25–48.</ref> Like almost everyone else he knew, Radosh was involved in protesting against American involvement in the [[Korean War]] and also believed in [[William A. Reuben]]'s "first conspiracy theory ... that the U.S. Government had framed [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg|the Rosenbergs]] and forced the key government witness, [[Harry Gold]], to [[perjury|lie on the witness stand]]".<ref>Ronald Radosh, ''Commies; A Journey Through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left'', Encounter Books, 2001. pages 46-47.</ref>

On June 19, 1953, Radosh joined [[Howard Fast]] and [[Civil Rights Congress]] leader [[William L. Patterson]] in a mass demonstration in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]] against the imminent execution of [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]]. When Fast announced that the Rosenbergs were being led into the execution chamber, Radosh recalls that a wail went through the crowd and the Party's folk singers began singing, ''[[Go Down Moses]]''. The following morning, Radosh attended the Rosenbergs' subsequent secular funeral in full [[Labor Youth League]] regalia. He later recalled, "That moment would remain etched in my memory, forever the symbol of what awaited good, progressive Jews who dared to stand up for their beliefs. It would take almost forty years for me to face up to the real meaning of the Rosenberg case for America."<ref>''Commies'', pages 47–48.</ref>

==University education==
Radosh began attending the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] in the fall of 1955. He has said that his desire at the time was both to study history, which [[Karl Marx]] considered queen of the sciences, and to become a leader of America's communists.<ref>''Commies'', pages 49–50.</ref> Despite being raised to always defend the actions of the [[Soviet Union]], Radosh developed a close friendship with Professor [[George Mosse]], a Jewish refugee from [[Nazi Germany]] and member of the [[anti-Stalinist Left]], which Radosh had been raised to detest.<ref>''Commies'', pages 51–52.</ref> In 1959, Radosh arrived at the [[University of Iowa]] and intended to work towards his [[master's degree]]. While [[Iowa City]], "boasted one small, dilapidated movie theatre, many bars, [and] few restaurants", in Radosh's own words, "the town also had its [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] and political fringe". For example, there was already one off-campus "Greenwich Village-style coffee shop" where Radosh regularly met to play folk music with [[Robert Mezey]], [[Sol Stern]], and other fellow radicals with whom he helped found the "Iowa Socialist Discussion Club."<ref> ''Commies'', page 65–66.</ref>

In September 1961, the Radosh family returned to Madison. Radosh had received his masters as a historian, and began working towards his doctorate under [[William Appleman Williams]], one of the founders of the [[Wisconsin School (diplomatic history)|Wisconsin School]] of diplomatic history, who further drew his young protege into the New Left.<ref> ''Commies'', pages 69–76.</ref> Meanwhile, Ronald and Alice Radosh twice hosted, at their studio apartment along State Street in Madison, a young and unknown guitar playing folk singer, who deliberately dressed like and emulated [[Woody Guthrie]] and whose name was [[Bob Dylan]]. Dylan once told Radosh, "I'm going to be as big a star as [[Elvis Presley]] ... I'll play the same and even bigger arenas. I know it."<ref>''Commies'', pages 76–77.</ref> Radosh and Dylan performed together at "regular, impromptu hootenanny sessions in a small new cafe on State Street, a place modeled after Greenwich Village hangouts". Radosh later recalled, "In the years to come, I often wished someone had been running a tape recorder at these regular sessions."<ref>''Commies'', page 77.</ref>

Despite being raised as a [[red diaper baby]] by [[fellow traveler]]s, Radosh's growing fondness during the early 1960s for the writings of [[Trotskyist]] historian [[Isaac Deutscher]] enraged senior members of the American Communist Party in Madison. According to Radosh, Deutscher's writings told the truth about [[Stalinism]] and the [[Great Purge]], without completely rejecting [[Marxist-Leninism]] or the [[October Revolution]]. The American Communist Party in Madison's attempts to coerce and intimidate Radosh back into the [[party line (politics)|party line]] backfired and instead became the major factor in his departure. The last straw came when "the party sent it's top youth organizer, Danny Rubin, to stay with us". Upon seeing multiple Deutscher's books on Radosh's bookshelf, Rubin "threw a fit", and screamed, "As a good Communist, you cannot read this junk! Get rid of it!" Rubin then pulled out a copy of ''[[World Marxist Review]]'' and screamed, "This is what you ''should'' be reading, not Trotskyite junk!"<ref> ''Commies'', pages 78–79.</ref> Despite still being a senior leader of Madison's [[Labor Youth League]], Radosh broke with the Soviet-backed Communist Party USA and continued to become a founding father of the American New Left.<ref>''Commies'', pages 65–82.</ref>
==Vietnam War==
In 1963, Radosh returned to New York City with his wife and children. After teaching at two community colleges in [[Brooklyn]], Radosh joined the New York chapter of the [[Committee to Stop the War in Vietnam]]. He recalled:
<blockquote>When [[Norman Thomas]] died in 1968, I wrote what may have been the only published negative assessment of his life. Most obituaries heralded Thomas as the nation's conscience, a man of principle who had turned out to be right about a great deal. Of course, Thomas was against the war in Vietnam; he had made a famous speech in which he said he came not to burn the American flag but to cleanse it. But for radicals like myself, that proved that he was a sellout. His opposition to the war was so tame, I argued, that he actually helped the American ruling class. I claimed that Thomas' opposition to LBJ's bombing campaign was only a "tactical" difference with the President. Thomas' chief sin, in my view, was to have written that he did not, "regard Vietcong terrorism as virtuous". He was guilty of attacking the heroic Vietnamese people, instead of the United States, which was the enemy of the world's people. My final judgment was that Thomas had "accepted the Cold War, its ideology and ethics and had decided to enlist in fighting its battles" on the wrong—the anti-communist—side.<ref>''Commies'', pages 89–90.</ref></blockquote>

Soon afterward, Radosh joined the New York chapter of [[Students for a Democratic Society]].<ref>''Commies'', page 90.</ref> In his book ''Prophets on the Right'', completed in 1974, Radosh referred to himself as both "an advocate of a socialist solution to America's domestic crisis" and "a radical historian."<ref>''Prophets on the Right'', pages 11, 13.</ref> The book profiles several historical conservative or far-right [[isolationism|isolationists]], "[[United States non-interventionism|critics of American globalism]]", men who were "outside the consensus, or the mainstream ... [and] regarded as subversive of the existing order." Radosh's stated aim in writing the book was to "move us... to think carefully about alternative possibilities" to "our current predicament," which was a clear reference to the ongoing [[Vietnam War]].<ref>''Prophets on the Right,'' page 14.</ref> In 1976, Radosh was a "founding sponsor" of [[James Weinstein (author)|James Weinstein]]'s magazine ''[[In These Times (publication)|In These Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=About|publisher=In These Times|url=http://inthesetimes.com/about|access-date=22 March 2015}}</ref>

==Second thoughts==
While researching his 1978 article ''The Rosenberg File'' and expanding it into a 1983 book of the same name, Radosh was forced to conclude that Julius Rosenberg had been guilty of both treason and [[espionage]], and that Ethel was aware of his activities. At the same time, Radosh and his two respective coauthors also exposed and condemned multiple acts of [[prosecutorial misconduct]] during the trial by Assistant U.S. Attorney [[Roy Cohn]]. Radosh similarly condemned multiple violations of the [[United States Constitution]] and the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] during the era of [[McCarthyism]]. Radosh also learned that the U.S. Department of Justice had gone for the [[death penalty]] at the trial of the Rosenbergs only because they wanted Julius Rosenberg to cooperate with investigators and testify as a prosecution witness against other, even more damaging Soviet spies. The Rosenbergs' refusal of all offers to cooperate in return for a more lenient sentence was accordingly a great disappointment to both federal prosecutors and to the [[U.S. Intelligence Community]].<ref> Sol Stern and Ronald Radosh, ''The New Republic'' (June 23, 1979).</ref>

Despite his claims of being unbiased and evenhanded as a historian, Radosh found himself subjected to both [[ostracism]] and [[character assassination]] by the American New Left in an effort to discredit the conclusions in his book. One friend told him, "The facts are irrelevant, we need the Rosenbergs as heroes."{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} As a result of their 1983 book and the subsequent revelations in the Vassiliev papers as well as decrypted Soviet intelligence communications from the era through the [[Venona project]], a consensus has emerged that rather than having been framed by the FBI, both of the Rosenbergs ''had'' in fact been very valuable NKVD spies, and that Julius Rosenberg was both the [[handler (espionage)|handler]] and agent recruiter whose active network of [[mole (espionage)|mole]]s and couriers stole highly significant military and nuclear secrets for the Soviet Union during both [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]]. A second edition of ''The Rosenberg File'' was published by [[Yale University]] Press in 1997 and incorporated newly obtained evidence, which further proved the Rosenberg's guilt, that Radosh obtained from the former KGB archives after the [[collapse of the Soviet Union]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Radosh's memoirs, published in 2001 as ''Commies: A Journey Through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left'', discussed the various reasons for his disillusionment with Marxist solutions and embrace of [[American patriotism]] and [[Social conservatism in the United States|social conservatism]], including the vicious blacklash over his exposure of the Rosenbergs and learning of both widespread [[human rights abuses]] and the abuse of psychiatry by [[Fidel Castro]], and his fellow tourists' efforts to excuse those abuses, during a mid-1970s trip to Cuba. According to Radosh, the last straw came when he visited refugee camps in Central America during the 1980s and listened to what he described as horrifying accounts of the tyranny experienced by the many [[Nicaraguan people]] who had fled from the [[Sandinistas]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

The Rosenberg's co-defendant [[Morton Sobell]]'s 2008 interview with Sam Roberts of ''[[The New York Times]]'' had him admit his own guilt and that of Julius Rosenberg after years of proclaiming his innocence, which further vindicated Radosh's once controversial thesis in ''The Rosenberg File''. A year later, Radosh and Steven Usdin also interviewed Sobell. Writing in ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', Radosh outlined the dimensions of the classified material that Sobell had passed to the Soviet KGB as part of the Rosenberg [[spy ring]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Radosh's writings have appeared in ''[[The New Republic]]'', ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', ''[[National Review]]'', the blog ''[[FrontPage Magazine]]'', and many other newspapers and magazines. He was a faculty member at [[Queensborough Community College]] and the [[Graduate Center of the City University of New York]]. Radosh is now an adjunct fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=staff_bio&eid=RadoshRon |title=Hudson Institute > Hudson Institute > Learn About Hudson > Staff Bio |website=www.hudson.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021009022557/http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=staff_bio&eid=RadoshRon |archive-date=2002-10-09}}</ref> and a professor emeritus of history at the [[City University of New York]] (CUNY).<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/History/ |title = Queensborough Community College}}</ref>

==Family==
Radosh married Alice Schweig in the summer of 1959. He recalls, "Our wedding was on Labor Day weekend, and after the ceremony we drove into New York to spend one night in town. We celebrated our wedding by watching the annual proletarian Labor Day parade that still marched through downtown New York."<ref>''Commies'', page 63.</ref> They separated in 1969 and later divorced.<ref>''Commies'', pages 103–106</ref> In October 1975, Radosh married Allis Rosenberg,<ref>''Commies'' pages 113, 119–120</ref> who has a PhD in American History and has co-authored two books with him. The couple reside in [[Silver Spring, Maryland]].<ref name="ra2">{{cite web| url = http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/29978/Allis_Radosh/index.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100207075102/http://harpercollins.com/authors/29978/Allis_Radosh/index.aspx| archive-date = 2010-02-07| title = Allis Radosh from HarperCollins Publishers}}</ref>

==Controversy==
On 7 August 2014, Radosh reviewed [[Diana West]]'s ''[[American Betrayal]]'' in ''FrontPage Magazine''. West had alleged that infiltration of the [[United States federal government]] by Stalinist [[mole (espionage)|mole]]s and [[fellow traveler]]s had significantly altered [[Western Allies]] and policies during [[World War II]] to favor the Soviet Union. Radosh criticized West's limited knowledge of the scholarly literature and called her thesis a "[[yellow journalism]] [[conspiracy theory]]".<ref name=la130813>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2013-aug-08-la-ol-howard-zinn-diana-west-under-fire-20130808-story.html|title=Why scholars are challenging Howard Zinn and Diana West|date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|author=Nicholas Goldberg|author-link=Nicholas Goldberg}}</ref> West published a follow-up book focusing on the attack on her by Radosh and others. The journal ''[[The New Criterion]]'' had a full-fledged dialogue about the issues that arose because of his critique of West.<ref>[https://newcriterion.com/issues/2014/1/american-betrayal-an-exchange-ron-radosh "American Betrayal, an Exchange: Ron Radosh"] (January 2014).  ''[[The New Criterion]]'', volume 32, number 5.  Retrieved October 10, 2020.</ref>

==Works==
===Books===
*[https://archive.org/details/americanlaboruni0000rado ''American Labor and United States Foreign Policy'']. New York: [[Random House]], 1969.
*''Debs''. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: [[Prentice-Hall]], 1971.
*[https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/A%20New%20History%20of%20Leviathan_2.pdf ''A New History of Leviathan: Essays on the American Corporate State'']. Edited with [[Murray Rothbard]]. New York: [[E. P. Dutton]], 1972.
*[https://archive.org/details/prophetsonrightp0000rado ''Prophets On The Right: Profiles of Conservative Critics of American Globalism'']. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], 1975.
*''The New Cuba: Paradoxes and Potentials''. New York: Morrow, 1976.
*[https://archive.org/details/rosenbergfile00rado ''The Rosenberg File: A Search for Truth'']. Co-authored with Joyce Milton. New York: [[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]], 1983; Reissued with new introduction: New Haven: [[Yale University Press]], 1993.
*[https://archive.org/details/dividedtheyfell00rado ''Divided They Fell: The Demise of the Democratic Party, 1964–1996'']. New York: [[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]], 1996.
*''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism''. Co-authored with [[Harvey Klehr]]. [[University of North Carolina Press]], 1996.
*[https://archive.org/details/commies00rona ''Commies: A Journey Through the Old Left, the New Left, and the Leftover Left'']. San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2001.
*[http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300089813 ''Spain Betrayed: The Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War''] Co-authored with [[Mary R. Habeck]] and Grigorii Nikolaevich Sevostianov. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
*''[https://archive.org/details/redstaroverholly0000rado Red Star Over Hollywood: The Film Colony's Long Romance With The Left]''. Co-authored with Allis Radosh. San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2005.
*[https://archive.org/details/safehavenharryst00rona ''A Safe Haven: Harry S. Truman and the Founding of Israel'']. Co-authored with Allis Radosh. New York: [[HarperCollins]], 2009.

===Articles===
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1890847 "John Spargo and Wilson's Russian Policy, 1920."] ''[[Journal of American History]]'', volume 52, number 3 (December 1965), pages 548–565. {{JSTOR|1890847}}.
*[https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1983/07/21/were-the-rosenbergs-framed/ "Were the Rosenbergs Framed?"] ''[[New York Review of Books]]'' (July 21, 1983).
*<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=King |first1=Dennis |last2=Radosh |first2=Ronald | title=The LaRouche Connection: How the Leaders of a Lunatic Fringe Won Access to Administration Officials, and with it, Respectability |url=https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP91-00901R000500240002-8/ |magazine=[[New Republic (magazine)|New Republic]] |via=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |page=15 |date=November 19, 1984}}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20130207055046/http://www.firstthings.com/article/2007/01/the-black-book-of-communism-crimes-terror-repression-35 "Books in Review. The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression."] ''[[First Things]]'' (Feb. 2000).
*[http://hnn.us/articles/1116.html "The Sandbagging of Robert 'KC' Johnson."] ''[[New York Sun]]''.
*[http://hnn.us/articles/10493.html "Why Conservatives Are So Upset with Thomas Woods's Politically Incorrect History Book."] ''[[History News Network]]''.
*[https://archive.today/20190924084302/https://www.hudson.org/research/13932-the-cuba-conundrum-who-is-attacking-our-diplomats-and-spies-in-cuba "The Cuba Conundrum: Who Is Attacking Our Diplomats and Spies in Cuba?"] ''[[Hudson Institute]]'' (October 4, 2017).

===Book reviews===
*[https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Left%20and%20Right_3_3_5_0.pdf "Democracy and the Formation of Foreign Policy: The Case of F.D.R. and America's Entrance Into World War II."] Review of ''F.D.R.'s Undeclared War, 1939 to 1941'' by T. R. Fehrenbach. [[Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought|''Left & Right'']], volume 3, number 3 (Spring/Autumn 1967) pages 31–38.

===Contributions===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190924082838/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/76d6/86f617281acf728ce36c2c730bf2db50a348.pdf "Preface." ''As We Go Marching''], by [[John T. Flynn]]. New York: Free Life Editions, 1973.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{C-SPAN|797}}
*[https://www.thedailybeast.com/author/ronald-radosh Articles] at [[The Daily Beast]]
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/author/ronald-radosh/ Articles] at [[National Review]]
*[https://www.nybooks.com/contributors/ronald-radosh/ Articles] at [[The New York Review of Books]]
*[https://www.hudson.org/experts/335-ronald-radosh Ronald Radosh] at the [[Hudson Institute]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radosh, Ronald}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:CUNY Graduate Center faculty]]
[[Category:American anti–Vietnam War activists]]
[[Category:American historians of espionage]]
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:Cold War history of the United States]]
[[Category:Former Marxists]]
[[Category:FrontPage Magazine people]]
[[Category:Historians of communism]]
[[Category:Historians of the United States]]
[[Category:Hudson Institute]]
[[Category:Jewish American historians]]
[[Category:National Review people]]
[[Category:New Left]]
[[Category:Writers from Martinsburg, West Virginia]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Little Red School House alumni]]
[[Category:Historians from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Queensborough Community College faculty]]