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Royal warrant of appointment
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{{Short description|Official royal patronage of tradespeople}} '''Royal warrants of appointment''' have been issued for centuries to tradespeople who supply goods or services to a royal court or certain royal personages. The royal warrant enables the supplier to advertise the fact that they supply to the issuer of the royal warrant; thus lending prestige to the supplier. Royal families of the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Monaco]], [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]], [[Japan]], and [[Thailand]] among others, allow tradesmen to advertise royal patronage. Suppliers having a royal warrant charge for the goods and services supplied; a royal warrant does not imply that suppliers provide goods or services free of charge. Royal warrants are typically advertised on company [[billboard|hoardings]], letter-heads and products by displaying the [[coat of arms]] or the [[heraldic badge]] of the royal personage issuing the royal warrant. Warrants granted by members of the British royal family usually include the phrase "By Appointment to…" followed by the title and name of the royal customer, and then what goods are provided; no other details of what is supplied may be given. == Purveyors for current households == === Australia === Royal warrant holders of the Court of Australia: * [[Hardy Brothers]] === Belgium === [[File:BRUXELENSIS 1703.jpg|thumb|Au grand Rasoir]] In Belgium the title of 'Purveyor to the Court' (Gebrevetteerd Hofleverancier van België/Fournisseur breveté de la Cour de Belgique) is granted to businesses who provide services or goods to the royal court. The list of 'purveyors to the Court' is updated every year. The king himself makes the decision who gets a title or not. Some of the 'Purveyors to the Court' include:<ref name="belgiumsup">[http://www.dghb.be/en/suppliers.php Suppliers], Association of Belgian Warrant Holders</ref> * [[Armani]] * [[BMW|BMW Belgium Luxembourg]] * [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-Benz Belgium Luxembourg]] * [[Brussels Airlines]] * [[Neuhaus (chocolatier)|Neuhaus]] * [[Leonidas (chocolate maker)|Leonidas]] * [[Godiva Chocolatier|Godiva]] * [[Jules Destrooper]] * [[Delvaux (company)|Delvaux]] * [[Édouard Vermeulen|Natan Couture]] === Denmark === Purveyors to the Royal Danish Court, though these are being phased out by 2029.<ref>https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/11/14/danish-royal-court-announces-end-to-practice-of-royal-warrants</ref> {{main|List of Purveyors to the Court of Denmark}} === Japan === {{Expand list|date=February 2010}} Purveyors to the Imperial Household Ministry; after World War II, the permission system was abolished, but purveyors still exist today: * [[Ando Cloisonné Company]] — ''[[cloisonné]]'' * [[Miyamoto Shoko]] – [[silver (household)|silverware]] * [[Gekkeikan]] – ''[[sake]]'' * [[Kikkoman]] – [[soy sauce]] * [[Nissin Foods]] – [[food]] * [[Toraya Confectionery]] – ''[[wagashi]]'' * [[Toyota]] – [[motor vehicles]] * [[Manyoken]] – [[catering]] * [[Yamada Heiando]] – [[lacquerware]] * [[Koransha]] – [[ceramic ware]] * [[Kuni (company)|Kuni]] – [[perfume]] * [[Otsuka Shoe]] – [[shoes]] * ''[[Onshino Tabako]]'' - tobacco * ''[[Onshino Konpeitō]]'' - ''[[konpeitō]]'' sweets === Monaco === High Patronage of the Monaco Royal Family: * [[Chocolaterie de Monaco]] – chocolates * [[British Theatre Season, Monaco]] – theatre * [[Lexus]] – automobiles === Netherlands === [[File:Hofleverancier.jpg|thumb|''Hofleverancier'' sign displayed on a store]] In the Netherlands, the status ''hofleverancier'' is awarded to small and medium-sized businesses that have existed for at least 100 years which have a good reputation regionally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/inhoud/predicaat-hofleverancier|title=Predicaat Hofleverancier (overzicht organisaties 2015)|last=Zaken|first=Ministerie van Algemene|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|date=3 December 2014|language=nl-NL|access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> However, the companies need not actually supply goods to the court. At present there are at least 387 companies that hold this status, which can be renewed every 25 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/documenten/publicaties/2015/02/23/predicaat-hofleverancier-2015|title=Predicaat Hofleverancier (overzicht organisaties 2015)|last=Zaken|first=Ministerie van Algemene|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|language=nl-NL|access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> Companies designated as ''hofleverancier'' are further permitted to display a plaque on their premises attesting to their status. In addition, certain companies are granted the use of the designation ''[[koninklijk]]e'' ("royal" in Dutch).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/inhoud/predicaat-koninklijk|title=Predicaat Koninklijk|last=Zaken|first=Ministerie van Algemene|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|date=3 December 2014|language=nl-NL|access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> These companies are also allowed to incorporate a crown in their logo. Examples include: * [[KLM|KLM Royal Dutch Airlines]] * [[KPN]] * [[De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles|Royal Delft]] * [[Royal Dutch Shell]] * [[Philips|Royal Philips Electronics]] * [[Vopak|Royal Vopak]] * [[Royal Dutch Football Association]] === Norway === Purveyors to the Royal Court of the Norway: the status 'purveyor to the court' (''hofflevrandør'') is no longer awarded. [[File:Foss H.VII Enebertettiget.jpg|alt=|thumb|King Haakon crown on Foss brewery beer.]] *'''Karl August Anderson''' – photographer (''Kongl. Hoffotograf'') *'''[[Farris (mineral water)|Farris]]''' – mineral water *'''[[Foss Brewery|Foss Bryggeri]]''' – Brewery (''H.VII Eneberettiget'') *'''Hans H. Holm''' – Felt hats *'''[[King Oscar sardines|King Oscar]]''' – Sea food *'''H. C. Reiersen''' – Tailor (''Kongl. Hoffskredder'') *'''Christian Rohde & Søn''' – Tailor (''Kngl. Norske slotts hoffleverandør'')<ref>{{Cite book|title=Merkantilt biografisk leksikon : hvem er hvem i næringslivet?|last=Hoffstad|first=Einar|year=1935}}</ref> *'''M. Selmer''' – photographer (''Kongl. Hoffotograf'') *'''O. Sørensen Vogn- og Karosserifabrikk''' – Automobil *'''L. Szaciński''' – photographer (''Kongl. Hoffotograf'') === Romania === Purveyors to the Romanian Royal House: [[File:Furnizor al Casei Regale Române - 2003.jpg|thumb|The wording reads: ''Purveyor to the Romanian Royal House'', used since 2003 (and probably between 1923 and 1947)]] * [[BMW]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.automobilebavaria.ro/news/24/59/Automobile-Bavaria-primeste-o-noua-certificare-a-calitatii-de-Furnizor-Oficial-al-Casei-Regale-a-Romaniei|title=Automobile Bavaria Group - Centru de presă|website=www.automobilebavaria.ro}}</ref> * Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]] (1881) * [[Steinway & Sons]] – pianos * [[Welte-Mignon|M. Welte & Söhne]] – [[orchestrion]]s, [[reproducing piano]]s (1894, 1910) * [[Murfatlar SA]] – wines to [[Michael of Romania|Michael]] (2003) * [[Frottirex]] – bath towels and bedding to Michael (2005) * [[Doina Levintza]] – clothing and accessories to Michael (2005) * [[Dan Coma]] – clothing and accessories to Michael (2005) * [[Halewood International]] – Rhein extra sparkling wines to Michael (2006) * [[SC Transavia SA]] – chicken meat to Michael (2005) * [[Principal Company SA]] – [[Salonta]] sausage products to Michael (2007) * [[Biborţeni]] – mineral water to Michael (2008) * [[Exotique Romania]] – Exotic furniture and decorative items (2009) * [[Carol Parc Hotel]] – Hotelier and catering services (2011) * [[Rue du Pain – Boulangerie Artisanale]] – bakery, pastry and confectionery products (2011) * [[Bridge Painting Group]] - Printing Company, Offset lithography, Hot-foil stamping, Embossing, and special finishings (2013) === Spain === {{main|Royal Warrant of Appointment (Spain)}} [[File:Henry Creed Spanish Royal Warrant letter 1885-06-25.JPG|thumb|[[Maria Christina of Austria|Royal Warrant of the Queen consort of Spain]] on [[Creed (perfume)|Henry Creed & Sons]], 1885]] === Sweden === {{main|List of Royal Warrant Holders of the Swedish court}} === Thailand === {{main|Royal Warrant of Appointment (Thailand)}} === United Kingdom === {{main|Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom)}} == Historical reigning households == === Austria-Hungary === [[File:Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein).png|thumb|Purveyors to the Imperial and Royal Court were allowed to display the double-headed eagle.]] [[File:Hoher Markt Vienna Sept 2006 001.jpg|thumb|Imperial eagle displayed at the store of the purveyor Rudolf Waniek, in Vienna]] [[File:K-u-k Hoflieferantendiplom Joh-Backhausen 1888 001-2.JPG|thumb|Imperial and royal warrant of appointment issued to Johann Backhausen on November 8, 1888]] {{main|Imperial and Royal Warrant of Appointment}} {{columns-list|colwidth=24em| * [[Augarten porcelain]] – porcelain and china * [[J. A. Baczewski]] – vodka * [[Bakalowits]] – crystal chandeliers * Matthäus Bauer – accordions * [[Jan Becher]] – herbal bitter * [[Lucas Bols]] – liqueurs * [[Ignaz Bösendorfer]] – pianos * [[Christofle]] – silverware * [[Courvoisier]] – cognac * [[Demel]] – chocolate and confectionery * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]] (1872) * [[E. Fessler]] – ovens * [[Móric Fischer de Farkasházy]], owner of [[Herend Porcelain Manufactory]] – porcelain * [[Café Gerbeaud]] – cakes and pastries * [[Gräf & Stift]] – carriages * [[Hancocks & Co]] – jewelry * [[L. & C. Hardtmuth]] – ovens and pencils * [[Antoni Hawełka]] – catering * [[J. A. Henckels]] – knives * [[Hotel Imperial]] – catering * [[Liebig's Extract of Meat Company]] – processed meats * [[J. & L. Lobmeyr]] – crystal and glassware * [[Löblich & Co.]] – heating * [[Lohner-Werke]] – carriages * [[Girolamo Luxardo]] – apéritif and digestif * [[Rémy Martin]] – champagne * [[Moët et Chandon]] – champagne * [[Moser (glass company)|Moser]] – glass and crystal * [[Ferdinand Mülhens]], owner of the [[4711 (brand)]] – perfume * [[G. H. Mumm]] – champagne * A. Obholzer Kürschnerei – furs * [[L. Ostermayr]] - glass and porcelain * [[Paulaner Brewery]] – beer * [[Pauly Beds|Pauly Beds / J. Pauly & Sohn]] – beds and mattresses * [[Peek Freans]] – cookies * [[Pilsner Urquell]] – beer * [[Rieger Orgelbau]] – organs * [[Louis Roederer]] – champagne * [[Royal Worcester]] – porcelain * Eduard Sacher, owner of the [[Hotel Sacher]] – cakes and pastries * [[Robert Schlumberger von Goldeck]] – sparkling wine * [[Schweighofer]] – pianos * [[Adolf Steiner]] - pianos * [[William Steinway]] – pianos * Carl Suchy & Söhne - watches * [[Baron Raimund von Stillfried]] – photos * [[Gebrüder Thonet]] – furniture * [[Michael Thonet]] – furniture * [[Charles Lewis Tiffany]] – jewelry and silverware * [[Törley]] – sparkling wine * [[Underberg]] – digestif bitter * [[John Thomas Underwood]] – typewriters * [[Veuve Clicquot]] – champagne * [[Nathaniel Wheeler]] – sewing machines * [[Wilhelm J. Sluka]] – cakes and pastries * [[Zwack]] – herbal liquors }} {{Expand list|date=August 2008}} === Bavaria === Purveyors to the Court of Bavaria: :''See [[:de:Liste bayerischer Hoflieferanten|Liste bayerischer Hoflieferanten]]'' {{in lang|de}}. * FA Ackermanns Kunstverlag – art publishing (1879) * [[Eduard Meier|Ed Meier]] – shoes, clothes, leather goods and accessories * [[Eilles]] – coffee and tea (1873) * Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to [[Ludwig II]] (1872) * [[Fr. Ant. Prantl]] – printing and leather goods (1797) === Brazil === Purveyors to the [[Brazilian Imperial Family]]: * Casa Granado – chemists/pharmacists and toiletries * [[Henry Poole & Co]] – tailors to [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] (1874) === France === Purveyors to the Court of France: * [[Moutard]] – printer and bookseller to [[Marie Antoinette]], to [[Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy]], and to [[Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy]] (1770) * [[Marc-Etienne Janety]] – master goldsmith and jeweler to [[Louis XVI]] (1777) * [[Adam Weisweiler]] – cabinet maker to [[Louis XVI]] (1778) * {{ill|Jean-Louis Fargeon|fr}} – perfumer to Marie Antoinette (1779) * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] (1811) and to [[Napoleon III]] (1867) * [[Debauve & Gallais]] – chocolates to [[Louis XVIII]] (1819) * [[Delbeck|Champagne Delbeck]] – champagne to [[Louis Philippe I]] (1838) * [[Guerlain]] – eau de Cologne to Napoleon III (1868) === India === Commercial honours and recognitions in the form of warrant appointments were issued by royal households of the [[Princely state|Indian Princely States]] to purveyors of goods and services prior to the end of imperial rule in 1947.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=23 September 2020 |title=Indian Princely States and the 19th-century Transformation of the Law of Nations |journal=Journal of International Dispute Settlement |volume=11 |issue=3 |via=Oxford University Press}}</ref> In recent years, former suzerain monarchies such as the [[Ghorpade|House of Ghorpade]] have revived these institutions as programs to foster economic growth and encourage the patronage of small, independent, and local businesses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Ghorpade Warrant Program |url=https://www.rgda.uk/warrants |website=Royal Ghorpade Dynasty Archive}}</ref> === Italy === Purveyors to the [[Italian Royal Family]]: * Acqua di Biella – eau de Cologne to [[Umberto I]] (1878) * [[Ballarino Gioielli]] (Cavour) – jewellery * Baratti & Milano (Turin) – sweets * [[Autobianchi|Bianchi]] – cars * [[Caffarel]] (Turin) – chocolate * Caraceni (Milan) – clothes * Fratelli Carli (Imperia) – olive oil * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina Gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to King [[Victor Emmanuel II]] (1876) * [[Florio]] (Marsala) – wine * [[Gancia]] – wine * Gentilini (Roma) – food (biscuits) * Marinella (Naples) – ties * [[Martini & Rossi]] – liquor * Musy, Padre & Figli (Turin) – jewellery * Pagani (Parma) – sweets * [[Pernigotti]] – chocolate * Petochi (Rome) – jewellery * [[Prada]] (Milan) – leather goods, trunks and clothes * Saiwa – food (biscuits) * Sperlari – food (biscuits) * [[Steinway & Sons]] – pianos * Luigi Borrelli (Naples) – clothing [[File:Alvará de 28 de Outubro de 1873 (estatuto de fornecedor da Casa Real Portuguesa à Confeitaria Nacional).png|thumb|Royal warrant of appointment issued to Confeitaria Nacional on 28 October 1873]] === Ottoman Empire === Purveyors to the sultans of the Ottoman Empire: * [[Welte-Mignon|M. Welte & Söhne]], [[orchestrion]]s (1896) * [[Abdullah Frères]], photographers (1863) === Portugal === Purveyors to the Portuguese Royal Household: * [[Ballarino Gioielli]] (Cavour, Italy) – jewellery * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina Gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to [[Luís I of Portugal|Luís I]] (1866) * Confeitaria Nacional – confectionary to [[Luís I of Portugal|Luís I]], [[Carlos I of Portugal|Carlos I]], [[Manuel II of Portugal|Manuel II]] (1873–1910) === Prussia === Purveyors to the Court of Prussia: :''See [[:de:Liste preußischer Hoflieferanten|Liste preußischer Hoflieferanten]]'' {{in lang|de}}. * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Friedrich Wilhelm IV]] (1841), [[William I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]] (1871), to [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]] (1888) and to [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] (1888) === Russia === [[File:Coat of arms of the purveyors to the court of His Imperial Majesty of Russia.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of the purveyors to the Imperial court<ref>{{cite book | last = Ostroumov | first = Alexander | title =Nashi Artistki (Our Artists)| publisher = Typography Partnership A. I. Mamontov, Moskow| year = 1912 |page =2| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Our_Artists_by_A._M._Ostroumov-first_4_pages.jpg}}</ref>]] In the Russian Empire since 1856 there was the designation with the highest authorization "Supplier of His Imperial Majesty" with the state coat of arms on the shield. From 1895, at the request of Empress [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Alexandra Feodorovna]], a second, additional authorization was granted: "Supplier of Her Imperial Majesty". Both authorizations existed until 1917, until the abdication of [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]].<ref>[https://museumpskov.ru/article/muzejnye_tajny/postavshhik_eya_velichestva?fbclid=IwAR1UKUFKQ93OE_ySKq8H9Ks1fKdlLAULite4z1iD81tNSyRTerNTKDsP7Gg|The Pskov state historical, architectural and art museum ]</ref> Purveyors to the Russian Imperial Family: * [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina gegenüber]] – eau de Cologne to [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] 1843 * [[Peter Carl Fabergé|Fabergé]] – jewellery to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] * [[Smirnoff]] – vodka * [[Cristal (wine)|Cristal]] – champagne * [[Steinway & Sons]] – pianos * [[Gubanova Toiletries]] of Morshansk Russia appointed in 1763 with a Royal Warrant by [[Empress Catherine II]] to provide special cleaning and skincare products * The Victoria Fine Soap Works, Minsk, Belarus – soap to [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] and the Imperial family * [[Alexander Ostroumov | The Perfume Factory Partnership of Pharmacist A. M. Ostroumov]] - perfume, cologne, anti-dandruff soap and other medicinal cosmetics, 1900 - 1920<ref>{{cite book | last = Ostroumov | first = Alexander | title =Nashi Artistki (Our Artists)| publisher = Typography Partnership A. I. Mamontov, Moskow| year = 1912 |page =2| url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Our_Artists_by_A._M._Ostroumov-first_4_pages.jpg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anti_Dandruff_Soap_A._M._Ostroumov.jpg|title=English: This is an advertising poster for an anti-dandruff soap produced by A.M. Ostroumov in Moscow – Russian Empire, at the beginning of the XX century. At the top of the image is the coat of arms of the Russian Empire and it says that the company A.M. Ostroumov was purveyor to the court of His Imperial Majesty. This photocopy is after an original photo from the archive of my family Rascanu / Ostroumov.|first=Dan|last=Rascanu|date=March 30, 2022|via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref> === Sulu === Royal Warrants by [[Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram|Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram]]: * [[Harney & Sons]] – tea <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tausug Blend, Tin of 20 Sachets |url=https://www.harney.com/products/tausug-blend-tin-of-20-sachets |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Harney & Sons Fine Teas |language=en}}</ref> === Yugoslavia === Royal Warrant Holders of the Yugoslav Court: * [[Sljeme (company)|Sljeme]] (Zagreb) – trunks and leather goods, appointed in 1931 == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Royal Warrant holders}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Royal Warrant holders| ]]
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