Editing Rutilus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Rutilusrutilus38cm 2143x1060.JPG
| image_caption = [[Common roach]] (''Rutilus rutilus'')
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Rutilus
| authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Rafinesque]], 1820<ref name = "Cof family">{{Cof family|family=Leuciscinae|access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Common roach|Cyprinus rutilus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<ref name = "Cof family"/>
| synonyms = {{Genus list
| Cenisophius | [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1846
| Gardonus | Bonaparte, 1846
| Metallites | [[Erwin Schulze|Schulze]], 1890
| Orfus | [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1873
| Orthroleucos | [[A.N. Derjavin|Derjavin]], 1937
| Pararutilus | [[Lev Berg|Berg]], 1912
| Pigus | Bonaparte, 1846
| Rubellus | Fitzinger, 1873
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "Cof family"/>
| subdivision_ranks = 
| subdivision = 
}}

'''''Rutilus''''', commonly known as '''roaches''', is a [[genus]] of freshwater [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Leuciscidae]], which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely [[Lineage (evolution)|distributed lineage]] of leuciscids and [[Range (biology)|ranges]] from [[West Europe]] to [[East Siberia]].<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_genus | genus = Rutilus | month = October | year = 2016 }}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
''Rutilus'' was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French [[polymath]] [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]] with ''Cyprinus rutilus'' designated as the [[type species]] but also the type species by absolute [[tautonymy]].<ref name = "Cof family"/> ''Cyprinus rutilus'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'']] by [[Carl Linnaeus]] with "European lakes" given as the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]].<ref name = "Cof genus">{{Cof genus|genus=Rutilus|access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref>

In a [[phylogeography|phylogeographic]] study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the [[Ponto-Caspian]] taxa including ''R. caspicus'', ''R. heckelii'' and ''R. stoumboudae'' could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to [[Siberia]], to be named ''[[Rutilus lacustris]]'', whereas ''R. kutum'' is included in ''R. frisii''. 
<ref name=Levin2017>Levin, B.A., Simonov, E.P., Ermakov, O.A., Levina, M.A., Interesova, E.A., Kovalchuk, O.M., Malinina, Y.A., Mamilov, N.S., Mustafayev, N.J., Pilin, D.V., Pozdeev, I.V., Prostakov, N.I., Roubenyan, H.R., Titov, S.V. & Vekhov, D.A. (2017): [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10750-016-2984-3 Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus ''Rutilus'' (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis.] ''Hydrobiologia, 788 (1): 33–46.''</ref>

The genera ''[[Leucos]]'' and ''[[Sarmarutilus]]'' have been recently separated from ''Rutilus'' and are closely related to it.<ref name=Bianco2014>{{cite journal |author=Bianco, P.G.|author2= Ketmaier, V. |year=2014|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03841p402f.pdf |title=A revision of the ''Rutilus'' complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, ''Sarmarutilus'', and a new species, ''Rutilus stoumboudae'' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)|journal=Zootaxa |volume=3841 |issue=3|pages= 379–402|doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4 }}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Rutilus'' was chosen as the genus name by [[Tautonym|tautonymy]] with ''Cyprinus rutilus'', ''rutilus'' means red, golden red and reddish yellow and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/leuciscinae/ |title=Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Bonaparte 1835 (European Minnows)|author=Christopher Scharpf |date=8 April 2024 |access-date=16  April 2025 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref>

==Species==
''Rutilus'' contains the following valid species:<ref name = "Cof genus"/>
* ''[[Rutilus atropatenus]]'' <small>[[A. N. Derjavin|Derjavin]], 1937</small> (Azerbaijani spring roach)
* ''[[Rutilus caspicus]]'' <small>([[Vasily Yakovlev (zoologist)|Yakovlev]], 1870)</small> (Caspian roach)
* ''[[Rutilus frisii]]'' <small>([[Alexander von Nordmann|Nordmann]], 1840)</small> (Black Sea roach)
* ''[[Rutilus heckelii]]'' <small>(Nordmann, 1840)</small> 
* ''[[Rutilus kutum]]'' <small>([[Sergei Nikolaevich Kamensky|Kamensky]], 1901)</small> (Kutum)
* ''[[Rutilus lacustris]]'' <small>([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1814)</small> (Pontic roach)
* ''[[Rutilus meidingeri]]'' <small>([[Johann Jakob Heckel|Heckel]], 1851)</small> (Pearlfish)
* ''[[Rutilus pigus]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacepède]], 1803)</small> (Pigo)
* ''[[Rutilus rutilus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (Common roach)
* ''[[Rutilus sojuchbulagi]]'' <small>[[Y. A. Abdurakhmanov|Abdurakhmanov]], 1950</small> (Akstafa spring roach)
* ''[[Rutilus virgo]]'' <small>(Heckel, 1852)</small>  (Cactus roach)

==Characteristics==
''Rutilus'', according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "''Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large.''"<ref name = Rafinesque>{{cite journal |author=Rafinesque, C. S. |year=1820 |title=Fishes of the Ohio River |journal=Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science |location=Lexington, KY |volume=2  |issue=4 |pages=235-242}}</ref> The smallest species in the genus is ''R. atropatenus'' with a maximum [[total length]] of {{cvt|9.5|cm}},<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Pseudophoxinus|month=February|year=2025}}</ref> while the largest are ''R. frisii'' and ''R. meidingeri'' with a maximum [[total length]] of {{cvt|70|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase2>{{FishBase genus|genus=Rutilus|month=February|year=2025}}</ref>

==Distribution==
''Rutilus'' is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.<ref name = Levin>{{cite journal |author=B. A. Levin |author2=E. P. Simonov |author3=O. A. Ermakov |author4=M. A. Levina |author5=E. A. Interesova |author6=O. M. Kovalchuk |author7=Y. A. Malinina |author8=N. S. Mamilov |author9=N. J. Mustafayev |author10=D. V. Pilin |author11=I. V. Pozdeev |author12=N. I. Prostakov |author13=H. R. Roubenyan  |author14=S. V. Titov  |author15=D. A. Vekhov |display-authors=3 |year=2016 |title=Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus ''Rutilus'' (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=788 |issue=1 |pages=33-46 |doi=10.1007/s10750-016-2984-3}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q180447}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rutilus| ]]
[[Category:Leuciscinae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]]


{{Leuciscinae-stub}}