Editing SIMSCRIPT

{{Short description|Simulation language}}
'''SIMSCRIPT''' is a free-form, [[English language|English]]-like general-purpose [[simulation language]] conceived by [[Harry Markowitz]] and Bernard Hausner at the [[RAND Corporation]] in 1962. It was implemented as a [[Fortran]] [[preprocessor]] on the [[IBM 7090]]<ref>{{cite book
|title=Simulation With Arena |isbn=978-1467273411
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1467273414 |date=2016
|quote=SIMSCRIPT … was implemented as a Fortran preprocessor on the IBM 7090
<!-- by CTI Reviews, --> |first=W. |last=Kelton
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Simulation With Arena |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/simulation-with-arena-reviews/1124185187}}</ref> and was designed for large [[discrete event simulation]]s. It influenced [[Simula]].<ref name=Simula.pdf>{{cite web
|title=The Development of the SIMULA Languages
|url=https://hannemyr.com/cache/knojd_acm78.pdf
|quote=The development of … SIMULA I and SIMULA 67 … were influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT …
|author=Kristen Nygaard |date=1978}}</ref>

Though earlier versions were released into the public domain, SIMSCRIPT was commercialized by Markowitz's company, [[CACI|California Analysis Center, Inc.]] (CACI), which produced proprietary versions SIMSCRIPT I.5<ref>{{cite web |title=The SIMSCRIPT III Programming Language for Modular Object …
  |url=https://www.caciasl.com/docs/SIMSCRIPT_III_Paper_Win_Sim.pdf
  |author=M. E. Kuhl
  |quote=… and was followed by SIMSCRIPT I.5 from CACI in 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.caci.com/special/story.shtml |title=A Look Back in Time: The CACI Story}}</ref> and [[#SIMSCRIPT II.5|SIMSCRIPT II.5]].

==SIMSCRIPT II.5==
'''SIMSCRIPT II.5'''<ref>{{cite book |title=Simscript II.5: Programming language
|author=Philip J Kiviat
|date=January 1973
|publisher=Consolidated Analysis Centers
|url=https://www.amazon.com/Simscript-II-5-Programming-Philip-Kiviat/dp/B0000EGCHY|author-link=Philip J Kiviat
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Building simulation models with SIMSCRIPT II.5 |author=Edward C. Russell
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zEg7_Pqh_T0C|isbn=9780918417008
|year=1983
}}</ref> was the last pre-PC incarnation of SIMSCRIPT, one of the oldest computer [[simulation language]]s.  Although military contractor [[CACI]] released it in 1971, it still enjoys wide use in large-scale military and air-traffic control simulations.<ref>1988 magazine quote: "today used principally by the U. S. military."</ref><ref name=PC1988>{{cite magazine |magazine=PC Computing |date=September 1988 |pages=150–157
|title=Market Value – PCs on Wall Street |author=William G. Shepherd Jr.}}</ref>

:''SIMSCRIPT II.5 is a powerful, free-form, English-like, general-purpose simulation programming language. It supports the application of software engineering principles, such as structured programming and modularity, which impart orderliness and manageability to simulation models.''<ref>{{cite book | first=Edward C. | last=Russell | title=Building Simulation models with SIMSCRIPT II.5 | publisher=CACI | location=Los Angeles | year=1983}}</ref>
<!--
SIMSCRIPT II.5 User’s Guide/Manual: https://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse529/simscript_docs/simuser.pdf -->

==SIMSCRIPT III==
''SIMSCRIPT III''<ref>{{cite conference |title=The SIMSCRIPT III programming language |quote=SIMSCRIPT III is a programming language for discrete-event simulation. It is a major extension of its predecessor, SIMSCRIPT II.5, providing full support for …
|doi=10.1109/WSC.2005.1574302
|s2cid=8577001
|conference=Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005}}</ref> ''Release 4.0'' was available by 2009,<ref>{{cite web
|website=simscript.com |url=https://www.simscript.com/products/products.html
|title=SIMSCRIPT III Object-Oriented, Modular, Integrated software development tool}}</ref> and by then it ran on [[Windows 7]], [[SUN OS]] and [[Linux]] and has [[object-oriented]] features.<ref>{{cite book
|author=Harry M. Markowitz |title=Selected Works |page=152 |date=2009
|publisher=World Scientific |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=981447021X |isbn=978-9814470216
|quote=I told Ana Marjanski, who headed the SIMSCRIPT III project, that SIMSCRIPT already has entities, attributes plus sets. She explained that the clients want object …}}</ref>

By 1997, SIMSCRIPT III already had a GUI interface to its compiler.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 26, 1997
   |url=https://www.simscript.com/cust_center/sim3r2docs/SIMSCRIPTIII_User_Manual.pdf
   |title=SIMSCRIPT III User's Manual
   |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124183456/http://www.simscript.com/cust_center/sim3r2docs/SIMSCRIPTIII_User_Manual.pdf
   |archivedate=2020-11-24}}</ref> The latest version is ''Release 5''; earlier versions already supported 64-bit processing.<ref>{{cite web
   |title=CACI Products 
   |accessdate=March 12, 2019
   |url=https://www.simscript.com/downloads/downloads.html}}</ref>

==PL/I implementation==
A '''[[PL/I]]''' implementation was developed during 1968–1969, based on the public domain version released by [[RAND Corporation]].<ref>{{cite book
|title=Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 13
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0824722639 |isbn=978-0824722630
|author1=Jack Belzer |author2=Albert G. Holzman |author3=Allen Kent |date=1979
|quote=SIMSCRIPT. This PL/I based version, first developed in 1968–1969 … of SIMSCRIPT I, particularly in large simulations at The RAND Corporation}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[QUIKSCRIPT]]
* [[GPSS]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210419040800/http://www.simscript.net/products/products.html CACI SIMSCRIPT page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901042910/http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=190&language=SIMSCRIPT History of Programming Languages: SIMSCRIPT]
* [https://purl.umn.edu/107467 Oral history interview with Harry M. Markowitz], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota - [[Harry Markowitz|Markowitz]] discusses his development of [[portfolio theory]], sparse matrices, and his work at the [[RAND Corporation]] and elsewhere on simulation software development (including computer language '''SIMSCRIPT'''), modeling, and operations research.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fortran]]
[[Category:Simulation programming languages]]