Editing SMA connector

{{Short description|Coaxial cable connector with semi-precision minimal connector interface developed in the 1960s}}
{{For|the optical fiber connector|Optical fiber connector}}
{{Infobox connector
|name               = SMA connector
|type               = [[RF connector|RF coaxial connector]]
|image              = [[Image:Male 50 ohm SMA connector.jpg|220px]]
|logo               = 
|caption            = '''Figure 1.''' Standard male SMA connector: male body (inside threads) with male inner pin
|designer           = 
|design_date        = 
|manufacturer       = 
|diameter           = Male: {{convert|0.312|in|mm|abbr=on}} HEX
|width              = 
|height             = 
|electrical         = 
|earth              = 
|maximum_voltage    = 
|maximum_current    = 
|cable              = [[Coaxial]]
|passband           = Typically 0–18&nbsp;GHz, <br />some up to 26.5&nbsp;GHz
|physical_connector = 
}}

'''SMA''' (''SubMiniature version A'') connectors are semi-precision [[coaxial]] [[RF connector]]s developed in the 1960s as a minimal connector [[Electrical connector|interface]] for [[coaxial cable]] with a screw-type coupling mechanism. The connector has a 50&nbsp;Ω [[Electrical impedance|impedance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://coaxicom.com/specifications/sma-specifications/ |title=SMA Connector Specifications |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref> SMA was originally designed for use from [[Direct current|DC]] (0&nbsp;Hz) to 12&nbsp;[[GHz]], however this has been extended over time and variants are available to 18&nbsp;GHz and 26.5&nbsp;GHz.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/12330-sma-connector-frequency-extension|title=SMA Connector Frequency Extension|date=July 14, 2009|author1=R. Fuks|author2=A. Weirback|journal=Microwave Journal}}</ref> There are also mechanically compatible connectors such as the K-connector which operate up to 40&nbsp;GHz.<ref>[https://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/en-us/test-measurement/files/Manuals/Instruction-Sheet/10100-00046C.pdf Anritsu Microwave K Connector™ and Extended-K Connector™ Instruction Sheets]  (November 2020)</ref>  The SMA connector is most commonly used in microwave systems, hand-held radio and mobile telephone antennas and, more recently, with WiFi antenna systems and USB [[software-defined radio]] dongles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-11|title=About RTL-SDR|url=https://www.rtl-sdr.com/about-rtl-sdr/|access-date=2020-08-29|website=rtl-sdr.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It is also commonly used in [[radio astronomy]], particularly at higher frequencies (5&nbsp;GHz+).

==Connector design==
The interface dimensions for SMA connectors are listed in MIL-STD-348.<ref name="MIL-STD-348">{{cite book |title=RADIO FREQUENCY CONNECTOR INTERFACES FOR MIL-DTL-3643, MIL-DTL-3650, MIL-DTL-3655, MIL-DTL-25516, MIL-PRF-31031, MIL-PRF-39012, MIL-PRF-49142, MIL-PRF-55339, MIL-DTL-83517 |date=2017-01-22 |publisher=US DOD |edition=B with change 3 |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35726}}</ref> The SMA connector employs a {{Fraction|1|4}}&nbsp;inch diameter, 36-thread-per-inch threaded barrel. The male is equipped with a hex nut measuring {{Fraction|5|16}}&nbsp;inch (0.3125&nbsp;inch / 7.9&nbsp;mm) across opposite flats, thus taking the same wrench as a [[Nut (hardware)#SAE hex nuts|#6]] [[SAE International|SAE]] hex nut.

A ''standard-polarity'' SMA male connector has a 0.9mm diameter center pin surrounded by barrel with inside threads, and the standard SMA female connector has a center sleeve surrounded by a barrel with outside threads. The centre pin is the same diameter as the centre of RG402 Coax so that connections can be made with no discontinuity, forming the pin from the coax itself. As with most other connectors, the [[Gender of connectors and fasteners|gender assignment]] corresponds to the innermost electrical component. There are also ''reverse-polarity'' ("RP") SMA connectors in which the pin and sleeve are swapped so that the "male" RP-SMA has a center sleeve surrounded by an inside-threaded barrel, and the "female" RP-SMA has a center pin and an outside-threaded barrel. See below for a fuller description.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.showmecables.com/blog/post/sma-dimensions/ |title=SMA Dimensions |website= showmecables.com |access-date=2015-08-29}}</ref>

[[File:Cross section of an SMA mated pair.png|thumb|Cross section of an SMA mated pair]]
The SMA connector uses a [[polytetrafluoroethylene]] (PTFE) dielectric that contacts along the mating plane. Variability in the construction and the mating of the connectors limits the repeatability of the connector impedance. For that reason and that they are just rated for a limited number of connection cycles, an SMA connector is not usually a good choice for [[Metrology|metrological]] applications.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://edadocs.software.keysight.com/kkbopen/what-rf-connectors-are-mateable-749648236.html |title=What RF Connectors are Mateable? |website= keysight.com |access-date=2022-11-22}}</ref>

SMA connectors are rated for up to 500 mating cycles,<ref>{{cite web| title= SMA Connectors |url= http://www.amphenolrf.com/products/CatalogPages/SMA.pdf| website= AmphenolRF.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100331083020/http://www.amphenolrf.com/products/CatalogPages/SMA.pdf| archive-date= March 31, 2010| url-status= dead| access-date= February 7, 2016}}</ref> but to achieve this it is necessary to properly torque the connector when making the connection.  A {{Fraction|5|16}}&nbsp;inch torque wrench is required for this, set to 3–5&nbsp;[[Pound-foot (torque)|in·lbf]] (0.3 to 0.6&nbsp;[[newton metre|N·m]]) for brass, and 7–10&nbsp;in·lbf (0.8 to 1.1&nbsp;N·m) for stainless steel connectors.  Flats are sometimes also provided on the cable side of the connector assembly so that a second wrench can be used to prevent it from rotating and damaging the joint to the cable. It is also advisable to inspect and clean out loose debris from the internal surfaces with compressed air or a gas duster can before mating.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://na.tm.agilent.com/pna/connectorcare/Inspection.htm |title=Inspection |website= Agilent.com |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://na.support.keysight.com/pna/connectorcare/Cleaning.htm|title=Inspecting Connectors|date=March 2, 2007|website=Keysight.com|access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref>

SMA connectors must not be confused with the standard household 75-ohm [[F connector|type F]] coax connector (diameters: male {{Fraction|7|16}}&nbsp;inch (11&nbsp;mm) circular or hex; female {{Fraction|3|8}}&nbsp;inch (9.5&nbsp;mm) external threads), as there is only about a 2&nbsp;mm difference overall in the specifications. Type F cannot be mated with SMA connectors without the use of an adapter.

==Variations==
[[File:SMA-family-male-female.jpg|thumb|Picture of SMA (left), 3.5 mm (center) and 2.92 mm (right) coaxial connectors. Top: male versions, bottom: female versions. The SMA connector on the left contains a dielectric (the white region) which is absent in the 3.5 mm and 2.92 mm versions of the connector]]

The SMA connector is typically rated for [[Transverse_mode#Conductor-based_transmission_lines|mode-free operation]] from DC to 18&nbsp;GHz, though some proprietary versions are rated to 26.5&nbsp;GHz.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amphenolrf.com/downloads/dl/file/id/7684/product/8655/high_frequency_sma_connectors_cut_sheet.pdf|title=Amphenol HF SMA range|website=Amphenol RF}}</ref> For performance above this, other SMA-like connectors are used. These include the 3.5&nbsp;mm connector, rated to 34&nbsp;GHz, and the 2.92&nbsp;mm (also known as 2.9&nbsp;mm, K type, or SMK),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nutrition-edu.com/ee/terms/C.html#cable_connector |title=Terms - C |date=2011-12-23 |access-date=2014-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730052301/http://www.nutrition-edu.com/ee/terms/C.html |archive-date=July 30, 2012 }}</ref> good up to 46&nbsp;GHz. These connectors keep the same outside thread as the SMA, so they can potentially be cross-mated, but the precision connector can be easily damaged when mating with low-grade SMA connectors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fairviewmicrowave.com/sma_2_92_3_5_2_4_compatibility.htm |title=Mating Rules for SMA, 2.92mm, 2.4mm, & 3.5mm connectors |date=2013-08-05 |access-date=2014-07-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806065501/http://fairviewmicrowave.com/sma_2_92_3_5_2_4_compatibility.htm |archive-date=August 6, 2013 }}</ref> The precision versions use an air dielectric with appropriately scaled center conductors.

Beyond 46&nbsp;GHz, the 2.4&nbsp;mm (also known as T type), 1.85&nbsp;mm (also known as V type) and 1.0&nbsp;mm (also known as W type) connectors exist. These are similar to the SMA connector, but with the geometries incompatibly scaled, and a metric thread to prevent accidental intermating. (But 2.4&nbsp;mm and 1.85&nbsp;mm connectors are compatible to each other.) These offer mode-free operation to 50, 65, and 110&nbsp;GHz respectively.

==Reverse polarity==
[[Image:Gniazdo RPSMA.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 2.''' Female RP-SMA connector: female connector body (outside threads) with a male inner pin contact. A male RP-SMA connector is the opposite in both respects – male connector body (inside threads) with a female inner sleeve contact]]
Reverse-polarity SMA (RP-SMA or RSMA) is a variation of the SMA connector specification that reverses the gender of the interface, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.  The term "reverse polarity" here refers only to the gender of the connector's contact pin, not in any way to the signal polarity.

The female RP-SMA connector has the same external housing as a standard or conventional female SMA connector, which consists of an outer shell with the threads on the outside; however, the center receptacle is replaced by a male pin.

Similarly, the RP-SMA male has threads on the inside like a conventional male, but has a center receptacle instead of the male pin in the middle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.datapro.net/products/reverse-polarity-sma-antenna-cable.html |title=Reverse Polarity SMA Antenna Cable |publisher=DataPro |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coaxconnector.com/rp-sma-coax-connectors.php |title=RP-SMA Coax Connectors :: Lighthorse Technologies INC |publisher=Coaxconnector.com |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref>  Normal SMA connectors are incompatible with RP-SMA connectors.
[[File:SMAconnectors andRPSMAconnectors.jpg|thumb|SMA male connector, SMA female connector, RP-SMA female connector, RP-SMA male connector]]

Occasionally, the opposite convention is used to designate the gender of an RP connector: In this situation the female connector has a socket (or sleeve) contact and threads on the outside.<ref>{{cite web |title=SMA Female To Reverse SMA Female Adaptor |url=http://www.amphenolinfocom.eu/pages/Product.aspx?p=SMAF-RSMAF-3GT50G-50 |website=Amphenol Infocom Europe |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> Users should take care to check drawings and specifications carefully.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Center pin
! Center receptacle
|-
! Internal thread
| SMA male/plug
| RP-SMA male/plug
|-
! External thread
| RP-SMA female/jack<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellshow.com/technical-support/rf_connector-rp_sma_connector/ |archive-date= March 29, 2013| website= Wellshow.com| title= RF Connector – RP SMA Connector Introduction | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130329035448/http://www.wellshow.com/technical-support/rf_connector-rp_sma_connector/ |url-status=dead| access-date= February 7, 2016}}</ref>
| SMA female/jack
|}

[[Wi-Fi]] equipment manufacturers have widely used RP-SMA connectors to comply with specific national regulations, such as those from the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]],<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=c2dc3c7e7691816d12644e9ae2ee7cfe&mc=true&node=se47.1.15_1203&rgn=div8| work=US Code of Federal Regulations| title=47 CFR 15.203| access-date= February 7, 2016}}</ref> which are designed to prevent consumers from connecting antennas that provide additional gain{{Citation needed|reason=Citation or explanation of how would utilizing a different antenna would violate compliance|date=May 2022}} and therefore breach Part 15 compliance. However, by 2000, the FCC regarded the connectors as readily available,<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Federal Communications Commission| website=FCC.gov| title= OET clarifies antenna connector requirements for Part 15 Unlicensed Transmitters| url= http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-00-1087A1.pdf |date= May 22, 2000}}</ref> though delaying its ruling indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Federal Communications Commission| website=FCC.gov| title= OET extends effective date of antenna connector requirement indefinitely |url= http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-00-2225A1.pdf | date= September 28, 2000}}</ref> As of 2018, leading manufacturers such as [[Netgear]] and [[Linksys]] are still using RP-SMA connectors on their Wi-Fi equipment.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://support.linksys.com/en-latam/support/accessories/HGA7S |title=HGA7S Support &#124; High Gain Antenna For SMA Connectors |publisher= Linksys.com |access-date=2014-06-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140116134229/http://support.linksys.com/en-latam/support/accessories/HGA7S| archive-date= 2014-01-16}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[RF connector]]
* [[SMB connector]], [[SMC connector]]
* [[BNC connector]], [[TNC connector]], [[N connector]]
* [[Coaxial cable]]
* [[Optical fiber connector]]
* [[MMCX connector]]
* [[MCX connector]]
* [[Hirose U.FL]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
Are all SMA connector the same size?<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rfcnn.com/are-all-sma-connectors-the-same-size.html | title=Are All SMA Connectors the Same Size - LenoRF Industry co., LTD. }}</ref>

==Sources==
* ''Radio-frequency connectors. Part 15: R.F. coaxial connectors with inner diameter of outer conductor 4.13 ''mm'' (0.163 ''in'') with screw coupling – Characteristic impedance 50 ohms (Type SMA)''. International Standard [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 60169-15, 1979.
* CECC 22110/111
* ''Connectors, plug, electrical, radio frequency''. Military specification sheet MIL-C-39012.

==External links==
{{Commons category|SMA connectors}}
* [http://www.wa1mba.org/rfconn.htm RF Connector Information by WA1MBA]
* [https://www.rfcnn.com/what-materials-are-the-made-of-sma-connectors.html  What material are the made of SMA connectors]

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