Editing SMPTE color bars

{{Short description|Widely used NTSC television test pattern}}
{{Redirect|Color bars|segregation by skin color|Racial segregation|other uses|Color Bars (disambiguation)}}

[[File:SMPTE Color Bars.svg|right|thumb|Rendition of SD ECR-1-1978 color bars ''<small>Colors are only approximate due to different transfers and color spaces used on web pages ([[sRGB]]) and video ([[BT.601]] or [[BT.709]])</small>'']]

'''SMPTE color bars''' are a [[television]] [[test pattern]] used where the [[NTSC|NTSC video standard]] is utilized, including countries in [[North America]]. The [[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers]] (SMPTE) refers to the pattern as '''Engineering Guideline (EG) 1-1990'''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291491 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414161016/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291491 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2017 |pages=1–3 |doi=10.5594/SMPTE.EG1.1990|isbn=978-1-61482-000-0 |title=EG 1:1990 - SMPTE Engineering Guideline - Alignment Color Bar Test Signal for Television Picture Monitors |journal=<!-- --> |date=March 1990 }}</ref> Its components are a known [[standardization|standard]], and created by test pattern generators.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://assets.tequipment.net/assets/1/26/Documents/408.pdf |title=NTSC and NTSC/PAL/SECAM Test/Sync Generators |publisher=Leader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://file.yizimg.com/369405/2016531-104658778.pdf |title=Model 408NPS INSTRUCTION MANUAL |publisher=Leader |pages=5.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.cieri.net/Documenti/Kenwood/Test%20Instruments%20-%20User%20Manuals/CG-932%20-%20PAL%20Color%20Pattern%20Generator.pdf |title=CG-931/2 - Color Pattern Generator |publisher=Kenwood |pages=16 |access-date=2022-07-27 |archive-date=2022-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727215326/http://www.cieri.net/Documenti/Kenwood/Test%20Instruments%20-%20User%20Manuals/CG-932%20-%20PAL%20Color%20Pattern%20Generator.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Comparing it as received to the known standard gives video engineers an indication of how an [[NTSC]] video signal has been altered by recording or transmission and what adjustments must be made to bring it back to specification. It is also used for setting a television monitor or receiver to reproduce NTSC [[chrominance]] and [[Luminance (video)|luminance]] information correctly.

A precursor to the SMPTE test pattern was conceived by Norbert D. Larky (1927–2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/latimes/name/norbert-larky-obituary?id=7956153|title=Norbert David Larky Obituary (1927 - 2018) Los Angeles Times|website=Legacy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-history-of-tv-color-bars-one-of-the-first-electronic-graphics-ever-made/|title=The History of TV Color Bars, One of the First Electronic Graphics Ever Made|website=Vice.com|date=20 July 2020 }}</ref> and David D. Holmes (1926–2006)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://obits.nj.com/us/obituaries/trenton/name/david-holmes-obituary?id=14194672|title=David D. Holmes Obituary (2006) The Times, Trenton|website=Legacy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.videouniversity.com/articles/email-from-the-inventor-of-color-bars/|title=Email from The Inventor of Color Bars|date=March 30, 2009}}</ref> of [[RCA Laboratories]] and first published in RCA Licensee Bulletin LB-819 on February 7, 1951. U.S. patent 2,742,525 Color Test Pattern Generator (now expired) was awarded on April 17, 1956, to Larky and Holmes.<ref>{{cite patent
| country = US
| number = 2742525
| status = patent
| title = Color Test Pattern Generator
| pubdate = 
| gdate = April 27, 1956
| fdate = April 27, 1951
| pridate = 
| invent1 = Norbert D. Larky, Somerville
| invent2 = David I. Holmes, New Brunswick, N.J.
| assign1 = Radio Corporation of America
}}</ref> Later, the [[Electronic Industries Alliance|EIA]] published a standard, '''RS-189A''', which in 1976 became '''EIA-189A''', which described a Standard Color Bar Signal, intended for use as a test signal for adjustment of color monitors, adjustment of encoders, and rapid checks of color television transmission systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=CTA - EIA-189 Encoded Color Bar Signal|url=https://standards.globalspec.com/std/509078/cta-eia-189|website=Standards.globalspec.com}}</ref> In 1977, A. A. Goldberg, of the [[CBS Technology Center]], described an improved color bar test signal developed at the center by Hank Mahler (1936–2021)<ref>[https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/hank-mahler-developer-of-the-smpte-color-bars-passes-away Hank Mahler, developer of the SMPTE color bars, passes away, from ''TVTechnology.com'', October 13, 2021]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.danburymemorial.com/obituary/Henry-Mahler | title=Danbury CT Funeral Home and Cremation Center &#124; Danbury Memorial Funeral Home and Cremation Service LLC }}</ref> that was then submitted to the SMPTE TV Video Technology Committee for consideration as a SMPTE recommended practice.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goldberg|first=A. A.|date=June 30, 1977|title=A Monitor Alignment Color Bar Test Signal|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-NAB-Publications/Engineering-Proceedings/NAB-Proceedings-1977.pdf|journal=Proceedings, 31st Annual Broadcast Engineering Conference, National Association of Broadcasters|volume=31|pages=84–85}}</ref> This improved test signal was published as the standard '''SMPTE ECR 1-1978'''. Its development by [[CBS]] was awarded a [[Technology & Engineering Emmy Award]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emmyonline.org/tech/applications/engineering_award_winners_rev6.pdf |title=Outstanding Achievement in Technical/Engineering Development Awards |date=2009-03-26 |website=National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326051253/http://www.emmyonline.org/tech/applications/engineering_award_winners_rev6.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2009 |access-date=2018-05-25}}</ref> CBS did not file a patent application on the test signal, thereby putting it into the public domain for general use by the industry.
[[File:Larky Test Pattern (color bars).gif|right|thumb|Early concept of color bar test pattern]]
[[File:カラーバー.PNG|right|thumb|Recreation of EIA-189A color bars without castellations]]
An extended version of the SMPTE color bars, '''SMPTE RP 219:2002'''<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=High-Definition, Standard-Definition Compatible Color Bar Signal|date=June 2002|chapter= |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7289865|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615120535/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7289865/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 15, 2018|volume=|pages=1–15|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.RP219.2002|isbn=978-1-61482-230-1|via=}}</ref> was introduced to test [[HDTV]] signals (see subsection).<ref name="testimages1">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=TESTIMAGES|url=https://testimages.org/color/|access-date=|website=Testimages.org}}</ref>

Although color bars were originally designed to calibrate analog NTSC equipment, they remain widely used in transmission and within modern digital television facilities. In the current context color bars are used to maintain accurate chroma and luminance levels in CRT, LCD, LED, plasma, and other video displays, as well as duplication, satellite, fiber-optic and microwave transmission, and television and webcast equipment.

In a survey of the top standards of the organizations' first 100 years, SMPTE EG-1 was voted as the 5th-most important SMPTE standard.<ref>{{cite web|author=Howard Lukk|date=|title=Countdown to History – 100 Years of SMPTE Standards Development|url=https://us9.campaign-archive.com/?u=afdd4606a7ec4be507008b977&id=f93aa152a1&e=3c754edf2b|access-date=|website=Us9.campaign-archive.com}}</ref>

==SMPTE ECR 1-1978 (SDTV)==
[[Image:SMPTE color bars on NTSC vectorscope.png|thumb|250px|NTSC [[vectorscope]] display, showing 75% color bar targets and a properly adjusted signal]]
[[File:SMPTE bars and tone.ogv|thumb|250px|right|Rendition of ECR-1-1978 color bars with 1kHz [[sine wave]] tone]]
In a SMPTE [[color]] bar [[image]], the top two-thirds of the television picture contain seven vertical bars of 75% intensity. In order from left to right, the colors are [[white]] or [[gray]], [[yellow]], [[cyan]], [[green]], [[magenta]], [[red]], and [[blue]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291491|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414161016/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291491|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 14, 2017|journal=<!---->|volume=|pages=1–3|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.EG1.1990|via=|title= Alignment Color Bar Test Signal for Television Picture Monitors|date= March 1990|isbn= 978-1-61482-000-0}}</ref> The choice of white or gray depends on whether that bar's luminance is 100% or not.  This sequence runs through all seven possible combinations that use at least one of the three basic color components of green, red, and blue, with blue cycling on and off between every bar, red cycling on and off every two bars, and green on for the leftmost four bars and off for the rightmost three. Because green contributes the largest share of luminance, followed by red, then blue, this sequence of bars thus appears on a [[waveform monitor]] in luminance mode as a downward staircase from left to right. The [[Oscilloscope#Graticule|graticule]] of a [[vectorscope]] is etched with boxes showing the permissible regions where the traces from these seven bars are supposed to fall if the signal is properly adjusted.

Below the main set of seven bars is a strip of [[blue]], [[magenta]], [[cyan]], and [[white]] or [[gray]] castellations. When a television receiver is set to filter out all colors except for blue, these castellations, combined with the main set of color bars, are used to adjust the color controls; they appear as four solid blue bars, with no visible distinction between the bars and the castellations if the color controls are properly adjusted.

The bottom section contains a square of 100% intensity white and a rectangle of 7.5% intensity black, for use in setting the luminance range. More modern versions of the pattern feature a ''[[PLUGE]] pulse''. The white square lines up so that it is below the yellow and cyan bars, and on a waveform monitor this will show up with the white bar overlapping the peak of the yellow and cyan chroma at 100 [[IRE (unit)|IRE]] units. The ''pluge'' (short for picture line-up generation equipment) pulse is positioned within the black rectangle, below the red bar (it is present in the illustration but may be hard to see). It comprises three small vertical bars, a rightmost one with intensity 4% above black level (11.5 IRE), a middle one with intensity exactly equal to black (7.5 IRE), and a leftmost one with intensity 4% below black (super-black or ''blacker than black'', 3.5 IRE). The pluge pulse aids in adjusting the bottom of the luminance range to avoid either washing out the black tones into grays or collapsing picture information into the signal clipping that occurs a small distance below the black level (known as ''crushing the blacks''). When a monitor is properly adjusted, the rightmost pluge bar should be just barely visible, while the left two should appear indistinguishable from each other and completely black. Also in the bottom section are two sections that contain -In-phase and +Quadrature signals (see [[YIQ]]), centered on black level and having the same gain as the color burst signal; these show up on the pattern as a square of very dark blue, and a square of very dark purple. On a vectorscope, they appear as two short lines ninety degrees apart. These are used to ensure that the television receiver is properly demodulating the 3.58 [[MHz]] [[NTSC#Chrominance subcarrier|color subcarrier]] portion of the signal. The vectors for the -I and +Q blocks should fall exactly on the I and Q axes on the vectorscope if the chrominance signal is demodulated properly.

These bars give rise to the former portion of the casual term ''bars and tone''. Typically, a [[television network]], [[TV station]], or other originator of video programming transmits SMPTE color bars together with a continuous 1,000 [[Hz]] [[sine wave]] before sending program material, in order to assert ownership of the transmission line or medium, and so that receiving stations and intermediary telecommunications providers may adjust their equipment. Likewise, producers of television programs typically record ''bars and tone'' at the beginning of a videotape or other recording medium so that the playback equipment can be [[calibrated]]. Often, the name or [[callsign]] of the TV station, other information such as a real-time clock, or another signal source is graphically superimposed over the bars.

=== Analog NTSC ===
Values of 75% (75/7.5/75/7.5) SMPTE ECR 1-1978 color bars as analog NTSC signals:<ref name="SMPTE.170M">{{cite web |title=SMPTE 170M-2004 - Television - Composite Analog Video Signal - NTSC for Studio Applications |url=https://standards.globalspec.com/std/892300/SMPTE%20ST%20170M |website=standards.globalspec.com |publisher=SMPTE |pages=18}}</ref><ref name="Video_Demystified">{{cite book |last1=Jack |first1=Keith |title=Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer |date=2005 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Amsterdam |isbn=0-7506-7822-4 |pages=321–331 |edition=4th |chapter=Chapter 8: NTSC, PAL, and SECAM Overview}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenwood CG-960, CG-950, and CG-930 Series Color Pattern Generators |url=http://www.testmart.com/webdata/mfr_pdfs/KEN/cg.pdf |publisher=Kenwood |access-date=28 February 2022 |pages=171}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Tektronix TSG95 Pathfinder PAL-NTSC Signal Generator |url=http://www.puzheny.com/Uploadfiles/uploadfile/201207/2012729161317780.pdf |access-date=28 February 2022 |pages=39}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 |Color
!colspan=2 |[[Luma (video)|Luma]]
!colspan=2 |[[Chrominance]] Range
![[Chrominance]] Phase
|-
![[IRE (unit)|IRE]]
!mV
![[IRE (unit)|IRE]] p-p
!mV p-p
!°
|-
![[Gray]]
|76.9
|549.1
|0.0
|0.0
| -
|-
![[Yellow]]
|69.0
|492.6
|62.1
|443.3
|167.1°
|-
![[Cyan]]
|56.1
|400.9
|87.7
|626.6
|283.7°
|-
![[Green]]
|48.2
|344.5
|81.9
|585.2
|241.3°
|-
![[Magenta]]
|36.2
|258.2
|81.9
|585.2
|61.3°
|-
![[Red]]
|28.2
|201.7
|87.7
|626.6
|103.7°
|-
![[Blue]]
|15.4
|110.1
|62.1
|443.3
|347.1°
|-
!-I
|7.5
|53.6
|40.0
|285.7
|303.0°
|-
![[White]]
|100.0
|714.3
|0.0
|0.0
| -
|-
!+Q
|7.5
|53.6
|40.0
|285.7
|33.0°
|-
!Super-black
|3.5
|25.5
|0.0
|0.0
| -
|-
![[Black]]
|7.5
|53.6
|0.0
|0.0
| -
|-
!4% Above Black Level
|11.5
|81.5
|0.0
|0.0
| -
|-
|}
''<small>'''Note:''' [[IRE (unit)|IRE]] units apply to both NTSC [[composite video]] and broadcast signals while [[Millivolt|mV]] values only apply to NTSC composite video.<br>Values sourced from the  Tektronix TSG95 test pattern generator manual<ref name="auto"/></small>''

=== Digital video ===
For [[480i|digital video sources]], the 10-bit [[YCbCr]] values for SD color bars<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf |title=DIGITAL VIDEO LEVELS |publisher=Leader Instruments Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222140852/https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-22 }}</ref> are based on the SMPTE formula for Y from the NTSC system (Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf |title=Teleproduction Test Volume 3 Number 4 - DIGITAL VIDEO LEVELS |publisher=Leader Instruments Corporation |pages=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222140852/https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-22 }}</ref> The following table show the expected digital values, for example when measured using a [[signal analyzer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=LV 5100D/LV 5100D - COMPONENT DIGITAL WAVEFORM MONITOR |url=http://www.valtechvideo.com/partneri/leader/LV5100D.pdf}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |'''10-bit YCbCr values for SD 75% color bars'''
|-
!Color
!'''''Y'''''
!'''''Cb'''''
!'''''Cr'''''
|-
!White
|940
|512
|512
|-
!Yellow
|646
|176
|567
|-
!Cyan
|525
|625
|176
|-
!Green
|450
|289
|231
|-
!Magenta
|335
|735
|793
|-
!Red
|260
|399
|848
|-
!Blue
|139
|848
|457
|-
!Black
|64
|512
|512
|}
<small>'''Note:''' Values sourced from "''Leader Teleproduction Test Volume 3 Number 4 - Digital Video Levels''"<ref name=":1" /></small>

The colors below are presented using [[sRGB]] transfer of [[CSS]]. Since sRGB is the standard colorspace for webpages and computer screens, this gives only an idea of the intended colors. They are not completely representative of how they look on TV displays, since these follow the [[ITU-R BT.1886]] standard, specifying a different [[gamma correction]] value, and thus colors below will look darker on such a display, and those darker colors will be the reference ones. The off-by-one errors (for example 254 instead of 255 and 1 instead of 0) happen because the 8 bit Y'PbPr values were used when decoding to R'G'B', if you use 10-bit Y'PbPr that does not happen.

[[Y'PbPr]] (and [[Y'CbCr]]) values of 75% (100/0/75/0) SMPTE ECR 1-1978 color bars (0.75 * 219 + 16 = 180) using [[YCbCr#ITU-R BT.709 conversion|BT.709-2 matrix coefficients]] as written in RP 219:2002:<ref>{{cite web|title=Color Calculator|url=https://res18h39.netlify.app/color|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Res18h39.netlify.app}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Color Bars – Reference Levels – VideoQ Tech Blog|url=http://blog.videoq.com/2018/10/28/color-bars-reference-levels/|website=Blog.videoq.com|date=28 October 2018 |access-date=2021-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! COLOR !! 8-bit Studio [[R'G'B']] !! 10-bit Studio [[R'G'B']] !! 8-bit [[Y'PbPr]]
!10-bit Y'PbPr
!12-bit Y'PbPr
|-
|style="background: rgb(102, 102, 102);color:white"|40% Gray
||104-104-104
|414-414-414
|104-128-128
|414-512-512
|1658-2048-2048
|-
|style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191);color:black"|75% White
||180-180-180
|721-721-721
|180-128-128
|721-512-512
|2884-2048-2048
|-
|style="background: rgb(191, 191,0);color:black"|75% Yellow
||180-180-16
|721-721-64
|168-44-136
|674-176-543
|2694-704-2171
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 191, 190);color:white"|75% Cyan
||16-180-180
|64-721-721
|145-147-44
|581-589-176
|2325-2356-704
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 191,0);color:white"|75% Green
||16-180-16
|64-721-64
|133-63-52
|534-253-207
|2136-1012-827
|-
|style="background: rgb(191, 0, 192);color:white"|75% Magenta
||180-16-180
|721-64-721
|63-193-204
|251-771-817
|1004-3084-3269
|-
|style="background: rgb(191, 0, 1);color:white"|75% Red
||180-16-16
|721-64-64
|51-109-212
|204-435-848
|815-1740-3392
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 0, 191);color:white"|75% Blue
||16-16-180
|64-64-721
|28-212-120
|111-848-481
|446-3392-1925
|-
|style="background: rgb(0,0,0);color:white"|75% Black
||16-16-16
|64-64-64
|16-128-128
|64-512-512
|256-2048-2048
|-
|style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);color:black"|100% White
||235-235-235
|940-940-940
|235-128-128
|940-512-512
|3760-2048-2048
|-
|style="background: rgb(65,0,119);color:white"| +Q
||72-16-118
|288-64-472
|35-174-152
|141-697-606
|564-2787-2425
|-
|style="background: rgb(104,42,0);color:white"| +I
||106-52-16
|424-208-64
|61-103-157
|245-412-629
|982-1648-2516
|-
|style="background: rgb(0,63,105);color:white"| -I
||16-70-106
|64-280-424
|61-153-99
|244-612-395
|976-2448-1580
|}

The source data for 10-bit and 12-bit Y'PbPr is 8-bit Studio R'G'B', so 10-bit data is not just a bitshift operation (that means multiply by 4) from 8-bit Y'PbPr, as usually the case. For example, for 75% Blue 28-212-120 would be just 112-848-480, but it is actually 111-848-481.<ref name=":0" />

Per ITU-R BT.2111-2 TABLE 2

==SMPTE RP 219:2002 (HDTV version)==
[[File:SMPTE Color Bars 16x9.svg|right|thumb|Rendition of HD SMPTE RP 219:2002 color bars'' <small>Colors are only approximate due to different transfer used on web pages ([[sRGB]]) and video ([[BT.709]] is using BT.1886 transfer characteristics)</small>'']]
An extended version of SMPTE Color Bars signal, developed by the Japanese [[Association of Radio Industries and Businesses]] as '''ARIB STD-B28''' and standardized as '''SMPTE RP 219:2002'''<ref name="autogenerated1"/> (High-Definition, Standard-Definition Compatible Color Bar Signal) was introduced to test [[HDTV]] signal with an aspect ratio of 16:9 that can be down converted to a [[SDTV]] color bar signal with an aspect ratio of either 4:3 or 16:9. The Color Bar signal is generated with unconventionally slow rise and fall time value to facilitate video level control and monitor color adjustments of HDTV and SDTV equipment.

Digital test images generated following the '''RP 219:2002''' specifications and adapted to perfectly fit 114 standard and non-standard resolutions for both 16bpp and 8bpp, are freely available in the COLOR dataset of the TESTIMAGES archive.<ref name="testimages1" />

Later '''RP 219:2002''' became '''RP 219-1:2014''', with '''RP 219-2:2016'''<ref>{{Cite book |date=2016 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7585035 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606010827/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7585035/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 6, 2018 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.5594/SMPTE.RP219-2.2016|isbn=978-1-68303-057-7 |title=RP 219-2:2016 - SMPTE Recommended Practice - Ultra High-Definition, 2048 × 1080 and 4096 × 2160 Compatible Color Bar Signal |journal=<!-- -->}}</ref> and '''ARIB STD-B66'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of ARIB Standards (STD-B66)｜Association of Radio Industries and Businesses |url=https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/desc/std-b66.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.arib.or.jp}}</ref> adding details for UHD. '''ITU-R Rec. BT.2111'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.2111-2-202012-I!!PDF-E.pdf |title=Recommendation ITU-R BT.2111-2 |publisher=ITU-R |year=2020}}</ref> and '''ARIB STD-B72'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/2-STD-B72v1_2.pdf |title=Colour Bar Test Pattern for Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) High Dynamic Range Television (HDR-TV) System - ARIB STD-B72 |publisher=ARIB |year=2021}}</ref> further added versions with [[High-dynamic-range television#PQ10 (PQ format)|PQ]] / [[Hybrid log–gamma|HLG]] [[HDR display (and related technologies)|HDR]] transfer functions and wide color gamut (BT.2020), which additionally have 100% saturated colors at the top and BT.709 bars at right bottom and left bottom; the 75% gray horizontal bar in the middle is changed to grayscale stair steps.

===Values===
The values of 100% (100/0/100/0) '''SMPTE RP 219:2002''' color bars (1.00 * 219 + 16 = 235) using [[YCbCr#ITU-R BT.709 conversion|BT.709 matrix coefficients]] (only white and black are the same using BT.601 matrix), taken from the standard:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! COLOR !! 8-bit Studio [[R'G'B']]
!8-bit [[Y'PbPr]]
!10-bit Y'PbPr
!12-bit Y'PbPr
|-
|style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);color:black"|100% White||235-235-235
|235-128-128
|940-512-512
|3760-2048-2048
|-
|style="background: rgb(254, 255, 0);color:black"|100% Yellow||235-235-16
|219-16-138
|877-64-553
|3507-256-2212
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 254, 255);color:black"|100% Cyan||16-235-235
|188-154-16
|754-615-64
|3015-2459-256
|-
|style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0);color:white"|100% Red||235-16-16
|63-102-240
|250-409-960
|1001-1637-3840
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 0, 255);color:white"|100% Blue||16-16-235
|32-240-118
|127-960-471
|509-3840-1884
|-
|style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0);color:white"|100% Black||16-16-16
|16-128-128
|64-512-512
|256-2048-2048
|}
[[ITU-R]] '''Rec. BT.1729'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1729-0-200504-I!!PDF-E.pdf |title=Recommendation ITU-R BT.1729 - Common 16:9 or 4:3 aspect ratio digital television reference test pattern |publisher=ITU-R |year=2005}}</ref> specified the last two 100% colors, green and magenta. It also specified all 100% colors for BT.601 matrix, not only BT.709.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Television}}
{{Commons category|SMPTE color bars}}
* [[Captain Midnight broadcast signal intrusion]]
* [[EBU color bars]]
* [[China Girl (filmmaking)]]
* [[Indian-head test pattern]]
* [[Test Card F]]
* [[2-pop]]
* [[Philips PM5544]]

{{SMPTE standards}}
{{standard test item}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smpte Color Bars}}

[[Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:SMPTE standards]]
[[Category:Test cards]]
[[Category:Television terminology]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

[[de:Testbild#SMPTE-Testbild]]