Editing SS Yongala

{{Short description|Passenger steamship that was wrecked in Queensland, Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} 
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= Yongala (ship, 1903) - SLV H91.108-2943.jpg
|Ship caption= ''Yongala'' in port
}} 
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header= 
|Ship country= [[Australia]]
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Australia|civil}}
|Ship name= ''Yongala''
|Ship namesake= [[Yongala, South Australia]]
|Ship owner= [[File:Adelaide Steamship Company house flag.svg|border|20px]] [[Adelaide Steamship Company]]
|Ship operator= 
|Ship registry= [[Port Adelaide]]
|Ship route= 
|Ship ordered= 
|Ship builder= [[Armstrong Whitworth|Armstrong, Whitworth & Co]], [[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Low Walker]]
|Ship original cost= £102,000
|Ship yard number= 736
|Ship laid down= 
|Ship launched= 29 April 1903
|Ship sponsor= 
|Ship completed= October 1903
|Ship maiden voyage= 
|Ship acquired= 
|Ship in service= 
|Ship out of service= 
|Ship identification= *UK [[official number]] 118332
*[[code letters]] VGFH
*{{ICS|Victor}}{{ICS|Golf}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Hotel}}
|Ship fate= Lost with all hands, 23 March 1911
|Ship notes= One of the largest, best-preserved shipwrecks in Queensland
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type= [[Passenger ship]]
|Ship tonnage= {{GRT|3664}}, {{NRT|1825}}
|Ship displacement= 
|Ship length= {{cvt|350.0|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{cvt|45.2|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= 
|Ship depth= {{cvt|27.2|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship decks= 2
|Ship power= 690 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
|Ship propulsion= *1 × [[Propeller|screw]]
*1 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple expansion engine]]
|Ship speed= {{convert|16|kn|km/h|0}}
|Ship capacity= *'''Passengers:'''
*110 first class
*130 second class
*'''Cargo:''' 3,000 tons, including {{convert|10000|cuft}} [[Reefer ship|refrigerated]]
|Ship crew= 72
|Ship sensors= 
|Ship notes= [[sister ship]]: {{HMAS|Grantala||2}}
}}
|}

'''SS ''Yongala''''' was a [[Passenger ship|passenger]] [[steamship]] that was built in England in 1903 for the [[Adelaide Steamship Company]]. She sank in a [[cyclone]] off the coast of [[Queensland]] on 23 March 1911, with the loss of all 122 passengers and crew aboard.

Her wreck off [[Cape Bowling Green Light|Cape Bowling Green]] was found in 1958. It is now a popular [[wreck diving]] site, protected by the Commonwealth [[Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018]].

''Yongala'' was the [[sister ship]] of {{HMAS|Grantala||2}}, which in 1914 became Australia's only [[hospital ship]] in the [[World War I|First World War]].

==Building and identification==
In 1903 Sir WG [[Armstrong Whitworth|Armstrong, Whitworth & Co]] built a pair of passenger and cargo steamships at its [[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Low Walker]] shipyard at [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] for the Adelaide Steamship Co. ''Yongala'' was built as yard number 736, launched on 29 April 1903, and completed that October.<ref name=TBS-Yongala>{{cite web |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/Y-Ships/yongala1903.html |title=Yongala |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501083525/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/Y-Ships/yongala1903.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She was named after the town of [[Yongala, South Australia]]. The name is a [[Ngadjuri]] word that means "broad water", or "broad wide watering place".<ref name=Townsville>{{cite web |url=https://www.tmml.org.au/yongala-artefacts/ |title=Yongala Artefacts |publisher=Maritime Museum of Townsville |language=en |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530020439/https://www.tmml.org.au/yongala-artefacts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Her sister ship ''Grantala'' was yard number 737, launched on 28 May 1903,<ref name=TBS-Grantala>{{cite web |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/grantala1903.html |title=Grantala |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128192534/http://tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/grantala1903.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and completed that December.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1904|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1905ST/page/n382/mode/1up GRA]}}

''Yongala''{{'}}s registered length was {{cvt|350.0|ft|abbr=on}}, her beam was {{cvt|45.2|ft|abbr=on}} and her depth was {{cvt|27.2|ft|abbr=on}}. Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|3664}} and {{NRT|1825}}. She had a single [[Propeller|screw]], driven by a three-cylinder [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple expansion engine]] built by the [[Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company|Wallsend Slipway Company]]. She had five single-ended boilers, which supplied steam to her engine at 180 [[Pounds per square inch|lb<sub>f</sub>/in<sup>2</sup>]] (1,200 kPa). Her furnaces burned about 67 tonnes of coal per day.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} Her engine was rated at 690 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1904|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1905ST/page/n945/mode/1up YIK–YOR]}} and gave her a speed of {{convert|16|kn|km/h|0}}.<ref name=DCN-1903-1207>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157976429 |title=The new steamer Yongala |newspaper=[[Daily Cargo News|Daily Commercial News and Shipping List]] |page=5 |date=7 December 1903 |via=[[Trove]] |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501133912/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157976429 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Yongala'' had accommodation for 110 first class and 130 second class passengers,<ref name=DCN-1903-1207/> and [[hold (compartment)|holds]] for about 3,000 tons of cargo.<ref name=DailyNews-1903-1124>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80961736 |title=Port of Fremantle. |newspaper=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |page=1 |date=24 November 1903 |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501135053/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80961736 |url-status=live }}</ref> She had electric lighting throughout.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1904|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1905ST/page/n945/mode/1up YIK–YOR]}} She had a direct acting steam [[windlass]] and [[Capstan (nautical)|capstan]] on her forecastle head.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} To handle her cargo she had two steam cranes and seven winches with [[derrick]]s.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} A specially arranged steam and hand steering gear was fitted in a house at the after end of the [[fantail (ship)|fantail]] and controlled from the bridge.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} She had {{convert|10000|cuft|0}} of refrigerated space: {{convert|3000|cuft|0}} chilled for vegetables and provisions, and {{convert|7000|cuft}} for frozen meat.<ref name=Age=1903-1204>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/189335451 |title=The new steamer Yongala. |newspaper=[[The Age]] |page=4 |date=4 December 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501141143/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/189335451 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Adelaide Steamship Co [[Ship registration|registered]] ''Yongala'' at [[Port Adelaide]]. Her [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|UK]] [[official number]] was 118332 and her [[code letters]] were VGFH.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1904|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1905ST/page/n945/mode/1up YIK–YOR]}}{{sfn|''Mercantile Navy List'' 1904|p=455}}

==Service history==
[[File:SS Yongala 2.jpg|thumb|''Yongala'' in port]]
''Yongala'' began her delivery voyage from [[Port of Southampton|Southampton]] in England on 9 October 1903.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157973907 |title=New inster-state steamer |newspaper=Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |page=4 |date=16 October 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501132206/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157973907 |url-status=live }}</ref> She sustained some damage in heavy weather crossing the [[Bay of Biscay]],<ref name=DailyNews-1903-1124/> called at [[Port of Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] and [[Port of Cape Town|Cape Town]],<ref name=Age=1903-1204/> and on 24 November reached [[Fremantle Harbour|Fremantle]].<ref name=DailyNews-1903-1124/> When she continued her voyage from Fremantle to [[Adelaide]], it was alleged that she raced the [[Orient Steam Navigation Company]] mail ship {{RMS|Orizaba}}, and that ''Yongala'' won the race.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80964012 |title=The Ocean Race |newspaper=The Daily News |page=1 |date=30 November 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501135836/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80964012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Adelaide Steamship Company publicly denied that any race took place.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/24838990 |last=Moxon |first=W |title=The Yongala and the Orizaba |newspaper=The Daily News |page=6 |date=30 November 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501135839/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/24838990 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 November she reached Port Adelaide, where Adelaide Steamship Co shareholders inspected her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5021794 |title=The new steamer Yongala. |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |page=4 |date=1 December 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501140604/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5021794 |url-status=live }}</ref> She reached [[Port of Melbourne|Melbourne]] on 3 December<ref name=Age=1903-1204/> and Grafton Wharf<ref name=DCN-1903-1207/> in [[Port Jackson|Sydney]] on 6 December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157975224 |title=Oversea movements. |newspaper=Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |page=7 |date=8 December 1903 |via=Trove |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501132207/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157975224 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1905 ''Yongala''{{'}}s regular route linked Fremantle and Sydney via Adelaide and Melbourne. In 1906 her summer route was extended to [[Port of Brisbane|Brisbane]]. At {{convert|2700|nmi|km}} this was Australia's longest interstate shipping route, and ''Yongala'' was the first ship to work it.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} Each winter from 1907 to 1911 she worked the route between Melbourne and [[Cairns]] instead.<ref name=Townsville/>

==Loss==
[[File:Captain William Knight.jpg|upright|thumb|Captain William Knight in 1911]]
On 14 March 1911 ''Yongala'' began her 99th voyage in Australian waters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hind |first=Karen |date=2011-02-28 |title=Queensland 100 Years Ago - The Sinking of the S. S. Yongala |url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/queensland-100-years-ago-sinking-s-s-yongala |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=State Library Of Queensland |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901065641/https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/queensland-100-years-ago-sinking-s-s-yongala |url-status=live }}</ref> Her [[Master mariner|Master]] was [[Sea captain|Captain]] William Knight. She left Melbourne with 72 passengers, and on 20 March reached Brisbane. There most of her passengers from Melbourne disembarked, and she embarked passengers to continue up the Queensland coast. Also embarked were the racehorse "Moonshine" and a [[Lincoln Red]] bull. A harbour inspection reported ''Yongala'' to be "in excellent trim".<ref name=Townsville/>

She reached [[Mackay, Queensland|Mackay]] on the morning of 23 March, and left at 1:40pm that afternoon, bound for [[Port of Townsville|Townsville]]. She was now carrying 29 first class passengers, 19 second class passengers, 72 crew, and 677 tons of cargo.<ref name=Telegraph-1911-0621>{{cite news |url= |title=Yongala Disaster |newspaper=[[Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]] |page=15 |date=21 June 1911 |via=Trove}}</ref> Shortly after she left Mackay, and before she left the sight of land, the [[Flat Top Island Light|Flat Top Island]] signal station received a telegram warning of a tropical cyclone between Townsville and Mackay. The signal station sent [[Signal flag|flag]] and [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless telegraph]] signals, which prompted several ships to take refuge at Mackay. But ''Yongala'' did not see the flags. The [[Marconi Company]] had recently dispatched a wireless telegraph set from England to be installed aboard ''Yongala'', but the set had not yet reached Australia.<ref name=Townsville/>

Five hours after ''Yongala'' left Mackay, the keeper of [[Dent Island Light]] saw her enter [[Whitsunday Passage]]. This was the last known sighting of her. The [[cyclone]] sank her on the night of 23–24 March, killing everyone aboard.<ref name=Townsville/> Newspapers at the time counted 120 or 121 people aboard, but the total number is now accepted to be at least 122. The discrepancy arises from young children, servants, and members of ethnic minorities being omitted from official lists.<ref name=Database>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=3350 |title=View Shipwreck – Yongala |work=Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501161705/http://www.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=3350 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:SS Yongala 3.jpg|thumb|''Yongala'' in Fremantle]]
When ''Yongala'' did not reach Townsville on time, at first it was assumed that, like other ships, she had taken shelter from the cyclone. But on 26 March she was listed as "missing". The [[Premier of Queensland]], [[Digby Denham]], ordered a search for her, in which seven vessels took part. Wreckage started to wash ashore on the Queensland coast between [[Hinchinbrook Island]] and [[Bowen, Queensland|Bowen]]. The body of the racehorse "Moonshine" was found at Gordon Creek, but no trace was found of any of the passengers or crew. The [[Queensland Government]] offered a £1,000 reward for information enabling the ship to be found. The reward went unclaimed, so it was eventually withdrawn.<ref name=Townsville/>

It was speculated that either the cyclone had overwhelmed ''Yongala'', or she may have grounded on a reef between Flinders Passage and Keeper Reef, or on Nares Rock, or on [[Cape Upstart National Park|Cape Upstart]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

Within days of the ship's loss, "''Yongala'' distress fund" was set up. Money raised was used to relieve the dependants of those aboard. The fund was closed on 30 September 1914, with the £900 remaining credited to the Queensland Shipwreck Society.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

Between 8 and 20 June 1911 the Marine Board of Queensland held an inquiry into ''Yongala''{{'}}s loss. The Board considered the ship's stability, equipment and seaworthiness, and Captain Knight's abilities as a shipmaster. It found no fault with the condition of the ship, based on design specifications supplied by the Adelaide Steamship Co, along with data from [[sea trials]] and seven years of uneventful operation. Nor did it find fault with Knight's ability. He was one of Adelaide Steamship Co's most capable men, and had 14 years' service without incident.<ref name=Townsville/> The Board declared that it had "no desire to indulge in idle speculation", and concluded that "the fate of the Yongala passes beyond human ken into the realms of conjecture, to add one more to the long roll of mysteries of the sea".<ref name=Telegraph-1911-0621/>

==Discovery==
In 1943, a [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]] [[Foul (nautical)|fouled]] on what was then thought to be a [[shoal]], 11 miles east of Cape Bowling Green. The commander marked on his chart an obstruction at a depth of about {{convert|13|fathom|m}}, on the route of vessels bound for Townsville.{{sfn|Holthouse|1971|pp=59–66}}

[[File:HMAS Lachlan by Allan Green SLV H91.250 1073.jpeg|thumb|{{HMAS|Lachlan|K364|6}}]]
In June 1947, the [[survey vessel]] {{HMAS|Lachlan|K364|6}} investigated the location using [[echo sounding]] and [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] equipment. She found a shoal about {{convert|300|ft}} long, at a depth of about {{convert|6|fathom|m}}, surrounded by water {{convert|12|to|14|fathom|m}} deep, and concluded that it could be the wreck of a steamship.{{sfn|Holthouse|1971|pp=59–66}}

In 1958 a local fisherman, Bill Kirkpatrick, found the wreck, and recovered artefacts including a [[safe]] from one of the cabins. The safe contained only black sludge, but part of the safe's serial number was legible: 9825W. In 1961, [[Chubb Locks|Chubb]] in England identified this as the number of the safe that it supplied to Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. in 1903 for the cabin of ''Yongala''{{'}}s [[purser]].<ref name=Townsville/>{{sfn|Holthouse|1971|pp=59–66}}

==Wreck site==
[[File:Stegostoma fasciatum with Echeneis naucrates and juvenile Gnathanodon speciosus.jpg|thumb|Fish next to ''Yongala''{{'}}s wreck: a [[zebra shark]], ''Stegostoma tigrinum'', attended by a [[live sharksucker]], ''Echeneis naucrates'', and three juvenile [[golden trevally]] ''Gnathanodon speciosus''.]]
''Yongala''{{'}}s wreck is at position {{coord|19|18|15.9|S|147|37|31.6|E|type:landmark_region:AU|display=inline,title}},<ref name=Database/> in the central section of the [[Great Barrier Reef Marine Park]], about {{convert|48|nmi|km}} southeast of Townsville and {{convert|12|nmi|km}} east of Cape Bowling Green. The wreck is {{convert|109|m}} long. The bow points on a northerly bearing of 347 degrees, and lists to starboard at an angle of between 60 and 70 degrees. It retains its structural integrity. The depth of water to the sea floor is about {{convert|30|m}}, with the upper parts of the wreck {{convert|16|m}} below the surface.

The sea floor around the wreck is open and sandy, so the wreck has become an established [[artificial reef]], providing a structurally complex [[Habitat (ecology)|habitat]] for diverse marine life. In 1981 the [[marine biologist]] Leon Zann sketched the wreck. Its [[superstructure]] remains intact and much as in his sketch, but a significant buildup of sand around the [[starboard]] side of the vessel has been scoured away, and the ventilators and railings have collapsed.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The wreck is protected by the Commonwealth Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 and is managed via the [[Museum of Tropical Queensland]], Townsville. The Act prohibits [[penetration diving]] and interference with [[Artifact (archaeology)|artefact]]s.

[[File:SS Yongala wreck.jpg|right|thumb|A [[buoy]] marking ''Yongala''{{'}}s wreck]]
A protected zone encompasses both the wreck, all the seabed within a radius of {{convert|797|m|abbr=off}} from the wreck, and the waters above. Access to the site is via permit only, obtainable from the Maritime Archaeology Section of the Museum of Tropical Queensland.<ref name=Database/> In 2002, to prevent further damage by careless anchoring, several [[Mooring (watercraft)|moorings]] were installed, and anchoring within the protected zone was forbidden. The site was also listed on the now-defunct [[Register of the National Estate]].<ref>{{cite AHD |14835 |SS Yongala Shipwreck, Cape Bowling Green via Ayr, QLD, Australia |date=28 September 1982 |access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref>

==Present day==
''Yongala'' is now a major tourist attraction for [[recreational diving]] in Townsville and North Queensland, with more than 10,000 divers visiting the wreck each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/northqld/stories/s1358408.htm |last=Cussons |first=David |title=Safeguarding the wreck the SS ''Yongala'' |publisher=ABC North Queensland |date=3 May 2005 |access-date=8 March 2008 |archive-date=28 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528010021/http://www.abc.net.au/northqld/stories/s1358408.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> At {{convert|110|m|ft|0}} long, she is one of the largest, most intact historic shipwrecks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/ss-yongala-dive-site/index.cfm |title=SS ''Yongala'' Dive Site |work=Things to See & Do |publisher=Tourism Queensland |access-date=9 March 2008 |archive-date=28 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628044352/http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/ss-yongala-dive-site/index.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The site has diverse marine life. A citizen science database using iNaturalist has recorded more than 213 observations of 79 species. The most observed species is the [[Humphead wrasse]], ''Cheilinus undulatus''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://inaturalist.ala.org.au/projects/citizen-science-at-yongala-shipwreck |title= Citizen science at Yongala Shipwreck |access-date= 22 April 2022 |archive-date= 3 July 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220703014820/https://inaturalist.ala.org.au/projects/citizen-science-at-yongala-shipwreck |url-status= live }}</ref> An episode of the [[BBC]] television documentary series ''[[Great Barrier Reef (2015 TV series)|Great Barrier Reef]]'' featured the wreck's biodiversity.

[[File:SS Yongala bell.jpg|thumb|upright|''Yongala''{{'}}s [[ship's bell]] in the Maritime Museum of Townsville]]
The Maritime Museum of Townsville has an extensive display of ''Yongala'' artefacts and memorabilia, including her [[ship's bell]].<ref name=Townsville/>

The [[death of Tina Watson]] occurred near the dive site on 22 October 2003. Watson's husband of eleven days was subsequently imprisoned for manslaughter.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The heritage-listed [[Yongala Lodge]] in [[North Ward, Queensland|North Ward]], Townsville, is named after the ship. It was built for [[Rooney Brothers|Matthew Rooney]], who died in the ''Yongala'' shipwreck along with his wife and youngest daughter.<ref>{{cite QHR |15653 |Yongala Lodge |600878 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport}}
*{{annotated link|List of maritime disasters}}
*{{SS|Koombana||2}}, a steamship lost in 1912 off Western Australia
*{{SS|Waratah||2}}, a steamship lost in 1909 off South Africa
*{{annotated link|Protected areas of Australia}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Gleeson |first=Max |year=1987 |title=Townsville's Titanic |place=Sydney |publisher=Turton & Armstrong |isbn=0-908031-31-9 |oclc=27579405}}
*{{cite book |last=Holthouse |first=Hector |year=1971 |title=Cyclone: A Centory of Cyclonic Destruction |chapter=Yongala Vanishes |place=Adelaide |publisher=Rigby |isbn=0-85179-290-1 |oclc=251985}}
*{{cite book |year=1904 |title=Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |via=[[Internet Archive]] |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1904}} }}
*{{cite book |year=1904 |title=Mercantile Navy List |place=London |via=Crew List Index Project |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?&name=Yongala&steamsail=Steam&submit=Enter&year=1904 |ref={{harvid|''Mercantile Navy List'' 1904}} }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Yongala (ship, 1903)|SS ''Yongala''}}
*{{cite web |url= https://www.pro-taucher.com/dive-sites/australia-oceania/australia/queensland/ss-yongala/ |title=SS Yongala Fantastic wreck of a passenger ship in front of Townsville and Ayr |work=Pro-Taucher Tauchplätze weltweit}}
*{{cite news |title=The Ships Company – Officers, Crew and Passengers. |newspaper=Grey River Argus |page=6 |date=29 March 1911 }}
*{{cite web |url= http://shipwreckbells.blogspot.com/2013/04/yongala.html |last=Sumner |first=John |title=SS Yongala |work=Ship Wreck Bells |date=25 April 2013}}
*{{cite web |url= https://recalltv.com/ben-cropps-this-rugged-coast-the-coral-sea/ |title=Ben Cropp's This Rugged Coast: The Coral Sea |publisher=RecallTV}}

{{1911 shipwrecks}}
{{Australian historic shipwrecks with a protected zone|state=collapsed}}
{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yongala}}
[[Category:1903 ships]]
[[Category:Australian Shipwrecks with protected zone]]
[[Category:Iron and steel steamships of Australia]]
[[Category:March 1911]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1911]]
[[Category:North Queensland]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of Australia]]
[[Category:Queensland places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate]]
[[Category:Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Tyne]]
[[Category:Ships lost with all hands]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Coral Sea]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Queensland]]
[[Category:Steamships of Australia]]
[[Category:Underwater diving sites in Australia]]