Editing STS-4

{{Short description|1982 American crewed spaceflight and final Space Shuttle test flight}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = STS-4
| names_list         = [[Space Transportation System]]-4
| image              = STS-4 launch.jpg
| image_caption      = ''Columbia'' begins its final test flight from Launch Complex 39A of KSC
| mission_type       = [[Flight test]]
| operator           = [[NASA]]
| mission_duration   = {{time interval|June 27, 1982, 15:00:00|July 4, 1982, 16:09:31|show=dhms|sep=,}}
| spacecraft         = {{OV|102}}
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|109616|kg}}
| landing_mass       = {{cvt|94774|kg}}
| payload_mass       = {{cvt|11109|kg}}
| distance_travelled = {{cvt|4700000|km}}
| orbits_completed   = 113
| crew_size          = 2
| crew_members       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Ken Mattingly]]|[[Henry Hartsfield]]}}
| launch_date        = {{Start date|1982|06|27|15|00|00|Z}} (11:00{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]])
| launch_site        = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| launch_contractor  = [[Rockwell International]]
| landing_date       = {{End date text|July 4, 1982, 16:09:40|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (9:09:40{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]])
| landing_site       = [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway{{nbsp}}22
| orbit_reference    = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime       = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis    = {{cvt|295|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{cvt|302|km}}
| orbit_inclination  = 28.50°
| orbit_period       = 90.30 minutes
| apsis              = gee
| instruments        = 
| insignia           = STS-4 patch.svg
| insignia_caption   = STS-4 mission patch
| crew_photo         = Sts-4-crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = [[Henry Hartsfield|Hartsfield]] and [[Ken Mattingly|Mattingly]]
| programme          = [[Space Shuttle program]]
| previous_mission   = [[STS-3]]
| next_mission       = [[STS-5]]
}}

'''STS-4''' was the fourth [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] mission, and also the fourth for [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']]. Crewed by [[Ken Mattingly]] and [[Henry Hartsfield]], the mission launched on June 27, 1982,<ref name=oomops>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OvlLAAAAIBAJ&pg=4930%2C5770829|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Washington|agency=Associated Press|title=Shuttle off on military operations|date=June 28, 1982|page=1}}</ref> and landed a week later on July 4, 1982.<ref name=owastwrd>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QflLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6186%2C1692654|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review|location=Spokane, Washington|agency=Associated Press|title=Shuttle test: 'Outstanding' was the word |date=July 5, 1982|page=1}}</ref> Due to parachute malfunctions, the [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|SRBs]] were not recovered.

STS-4 was the final test flight for the Space Shuttle; it was thereafter officially declared to be operational. ''Columbia'' carried numerous scientific payloads during the mission, as well as military missile detection systems.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/pk/Flight_004_STS-004_Press_Kit.pdf|title=STS-004 Press Kit|publisher=NASA|access-date=July 4, 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Crew ==
{{Spaceflight crew
|terminology = Astronaut

|position1   = Commander
|crew1_up    = [[Ken Mattingly]]
|flights1_up = Second

|position2   = Pilot
|crew2_up    = [[Henry Hartsfield]]
|flights2_up = First
}}

STS-4, being the last test flight of the Space Shuttle, was also the last to carry a crew of two astronauts. Commander Ken Mattingly had previously flown as [[Astronaut ranks and positions|Command Module Pilot]] on [[Apollo 16]], and was also the original Command Module Pilot for [[Apollo 13]] before being replaced by his backup, [[Jack Swigert]], after being exposed to [[German measles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-02 |title=50 Years Ago: Apollo 13 and German Measles |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-13-and-german-measles/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=NASA}}</ref> Hartsfield was a rookie astronaut who had transferred to NASA in 1969 after the cancellation of the [[United States Air Force|Air Force's]] [[Manned Orbiting Laboratory]] (MOL) program. He had previously served as a [[Flight controller|capsule communicator (CAPCOM)]] on [[Apollo 16]], all three [[Skylab]] missions, and [[STS-1]]. Both men had graduated from [[Auburn University]], the only time an entire Space Shuttle flight crew were graduates of the same university. 

=== Backup crew ===
From STS-4 onwards, NASA halted the appointment and training of complete backup flight crews. Instead, individual flight crew members were assigned backups who could take their place within the prime crew. The decision on whether to appoint a reserve crew member was made on a per-flight basis by flight management teams at [[Johnson Space Center]]. Consequently, the last NASA flight to have a full-time backup crew was [[STS-3]].

=== Support crew ===
* [[Roy D. Bridges Jr.]] (entry CAPCOM)
* [[Michael Coats|Michael L. Coats]]
* [[S. David Griggs]] (ascent CAPCOM)
* [[George Nelson (astronaut)|George D. Nelson]]
* [[Brewster H. Shaw]]

=== Crew seat assignments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Seat<ref>{{cite web|title=STS-4|url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-4.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref> 
! Launch
! Landing
|rowspan=8| [[File:Space Shuttle seating plan.svg|150px]]<br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
|-
! 1
|colspan=2| Mattingly
|-
! 2
|colspan=2| Hartsfield
|-
! 3
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 4
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 5
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 6
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 7
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|}

== Mission summary ==
STS-4 launched from [[Kennedy Space Center]] (KSC) on June 27, 1982, at 15:00:00{{nbsp}}[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], with [[Ken Mattingly]] as commander and [[Henry Hartsfield]] as pilot.<ref name=oomops/> This mission marked the first time the Space Shuttle launched precisely at its scheduled launch time. It was also the last research and development flight in the program, after which NASA considered the shuttle operational. After this flight, ''Columbia's'' ejection seats were deactivated, and shuttle crews did not wear pressure suits again until [[STS-26]] in 1988.

STS-4's cargo consisted of the first [[Getaway Special]] (GAS) payloads, including nine scientific experiments provided by students from [[Utah State University]],<ref name="hopesp">{{cite news |date=June 29, 1982 |title=Students hope for a space fix-it |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xjdTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6075%2C7708289 |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |pages=A1–A2 |via=Google News}}</ref><ref name="chrftj">{{cite news |date=June 30, 1982 |title=USU team, astronauts, cheer fix-it job |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xzdTAAAAIBAJ&pg=4030%2C7890907 |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |page=A1 |via=Google News}}</ref> and a classified [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] payload.<ref name="wilford19841218">{{Cite news |last=Wilford |first=John Noble |date=1984-12-18 |title=MILITARY MISSION OF SPACE SHUTTLE TO BE KEPT SECRET |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/18/us/military-mission-of-space-shuttle-to-be-kept-secret.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The New York Times |pages=A1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A secret [[Mission Control Center|mission control center]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]] participated in monitoring the flight. Mattingly, an active-duty naval officer, later described the classified payload – two sensors for detecting missile launches – as a "rinky-dink collection of minor stuff they wanted to fly". The payload failed to operate.<ref name="cassutt200908">{{cite news|url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space/secret-space-shuttles-35318554/?c=y%3Fno-ist|title=Secret Space Shuttles|publisher=Air & Space|date=August 2009|access-date=February 17, 2012|author=Cassutt, Michael}}</ref> The [[National Reconnaissance Office]] intended to fly DAMON, a secret payload intended to replace [[KH-9 HEXAGON]], but it was canceled in December 1980.<ref name="day20190701">{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Dwayne Allen |author-link=Dwayne A. Day |date=2019-07-01 |title=Top Secret DAMON: the classified reconnaissance payload planned for the fourth space shuttle mission |url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4882/article/3748/1 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=The Space Review}}</ref>

In the shuttle's mid-deck, a Continuous Flow [[Electrophoresis]] System and the Mono-disperse Latex Reactor flew for the second time. The crew conducted a [[lightning]] survey with hand-held cameras, and performed medical experiments on themselves for two student projects. They also operated the [[Canadarm|Remote Manipulator System]] (Canadarm) with an instrument called the Induced Environment Contamination Monitor mounted on its end, designed to obtain information on gases or particles being released by the orbiter in flight.<ref name=":0"/>

''Columbia'' landed on July 4, 1982, at 16:09:31{{nbsp}}UTC, on the {{cvt|15000|ft|km}} concrete runway 22 at [[Edwards Air Force Base]], the first orbital Shuttle landing on a concrete runway. This time the lead escorting [[Northrop T-38 Talon|T-38]] "Chase 1" was piloted by [[Guy Gardner (astronaut)|Guy Gardner]] with crewmate [[Jerry L. Ross]]. [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Nancy Reagan|his wife Nancy Reagan]] greeted the crew upon arrival. Following the landing, President Reagan gave a speech to the crowd gathered at Edwards, during which he declared the Space Shuttle operational.<ref name=owastwrd/> He was followed by remarks from Mattingly and Hartsfield and a flyover of the new shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Challenger|Challenger]]'' atop the [[Shuttle Carrier Aircraft]] (SCA), headed for KSC.

The flight lasted 7{{nbsp}}days, 1{{nbsp}}hour, 9{{nbsp}}minutes, and 31{{nbsp}}seconds, and covered a total distance of {{cvt|4700000|km}} in 112 complete orbits. The mission achieved all objectives except for the Air Force payload, but the [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|SRBs]] were lost when their main parachutes failed, causing the empty casings to impact the ocean at high velocity and sink.<ref name=oomops/> This and [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|STS-51-L]] were the only missions where the SRBs were not recovered. ''Columbia'' returned to KSC on July 15, 1982.

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="left">
Image:STS-4 Induced Environment Contaminant Monitor.jpg|The Induced Environment Contaminant Monitor (IECM) is grappled by the Canadarm.
File:STS-4 landing.jpg|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' lands at Edwards Air Force Base runway 22.
Image:NASA salutes Reagans.jpg|Henry Hartsfield and Ken Mattingly salute the Reagans after landing.
Image:Ronald and Nancy Reagan NASA 1982.jpg|President Reagan and his wife Nancy observe the shuttle's forward tiles and nosecone.
</gallery>

== Mission insignia ==
The path of the red, white, and blue streak on the mission patch forms the numeral "4", indicating the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.

== Wake-up calls ==
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the [[Project Gemini]], and first used music to wake up a flight crew during [[Apollo 15]].<ref name="chronology">{{cite news|first=Colin|last=Fries|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls|date=June 25, 2007|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|access-date=August 13, 2007|archive-date=December 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220093919/https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<ref name="chronology"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Flight Day
! Song
! Artist/Composer
|-
| align=center|Day 2
| "[[Up, Up and Away (song)|Up, Up and Away]]"
| [[The 5th Dimension]]
|-
| align=center|Day 3
| "[[Tiger Rag|Hold That Tiger]]"
| [[Auburn University Band]]
|-
| align=center|Day 4
| Taped message for [[Hank Hartsfield]] on his wedding anniversary
|
|-
| align=center|Day 5
| "[[Theme from Chariots of Fire]]"
| [[Vangelis]]
|-
| align=center|Day 6
| [[Delta Tau Delta]] fraternity song (Mattingly), [[Delta Chi]] fraternity song (Hartsfield)
|
|-
| align=center|Day 7
| "[[This Is My Country]]"
| [[Don Raye]]
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of human spaceflights]]
* [[List of Space Shuttle missions]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-4.html STS-4 mission summary]. NASA.
* [http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle04.htm STS-4 video highlights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718181920/http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle04.htm |date=July 18, 2012 }}. NSS.

{{Space Shuttle Columbia}}
{{All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions}}
{{Orbital launches in 1982}}
{{Commons category|STS-4}}

[[Category:Space Shuttle missions]]
[[Category:Edwards Air Force Base]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1982]]
[[Category:June 1982]]
[[Category:1982 in California]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1982]]
[[Category:July 1982]]
[[Category:1982 in Florida]]
[[Category:Ken Mattingly]]