Editing STS-7

{{Short description|1983 American crewed spaceflight}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = STS-7
| names_list         = [[Space Transportation System]]-7
| image              = STS007-32-1702.jpg
| image_caption      = ''Challenger'' as photographed by the SPAS-1 satellite on June 22, 1983
| mission_type       = {{ubl|[[Communications satellite]]s deployment|[[Micro-g environment|Microgravity research]]}}
| operator           = [[NASA]]
| mission_duration   = {{time interval|June 18, 1983, 11:33:00|June 24, 1983, 13:56:59|show=dhms|sep=,}}
| distance_travelled = {{cvt|3570000|km}}
| orbits_completed   = 97
| spacecraft         = {{OV|099}}
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|113025|kg}}
| landing_mass       = {{cvt|92550|kg}}
| payload_mass       = {{cvt|16839|kg}}
| crew_size          = 5
| crew_members       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Robert Crippen]]|[[Frederick Hauck]]|[[John M. Fabian]]|[[Sally Ride]]|[[Norman Thagard]]}}
| launch_date        = {{Start date text|June 18, 1983, 11:33:00|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] (7:33{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]])
| launch_site        = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| launch_contractor  = [[Rockwell International]]
| landing_date       = {{End date text|June 24, 1983, 13:56:59|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (6:56:59{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]])
| landing_site       = [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway{{nbsp}}15
| orbit_reference    = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime       = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis    = {{cvt|299|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{cvt|307|km}}
| orbit_inclination  = 28.30°
| orbit_period       = 90.60 minutes
| apsis              = gee
| instruments        = {{ubl|[[Getaway Special]] (GAS) canisters}}
| insignia           = STS-7 patch.svg
| insignia_caption   = STS-7 mission patch
| crew_photo         = Sts-7-crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = From left: [[Sally Ride|Ride]], [[John M. Fabian|Fabian]], [[Robert Crippen|Crippen]], [[Norman Thagard|Thagard]] and [[Frederick Hauck|Hauck]]
| programme          = [[Space Shuttle program]]
| previous_mission   = [[STS-6]]
| next_mission       = [[STS-8]]
}}

'''STS-7''' was [[NASA]]'s seventh [[Space Shuttle]] mission, and the second mission for the [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']]. During the mission, ''Challenger'' deployed several satellites into orbit. The shuttle launched from [[Kennedy Space Center]] on June 18, 1983, and landed at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] on June 24, 1983. STS-7 carried [[Sally Ride]], America's first [[List of female astronauts|female astronaut]].

== Crew ==
{{Spaceflight crew
|terminology = Astronaut

|position1   = Commander
|crew1_up    = [[Robert Crippen]]
|flights1_up = Second

|position2   = Pilot
|crew2_up    = [[Frederick Hauck]]
|flights2_up = First

|position3   = Mission Specialist 1
|crew3_up    = [[John M. Fabian]]
|flights3_up = First

|position4   = Mission Specialist 2<br>Flight Engineer
|crew4_up    = [[Sally Ride]]
|flights4_up = First

|position5   = Mission Specialist 3
|crew5_up    = [[Norman Thagard]]
|flights5_up = First
}}

=== Support crew ===
* [[John E. Blaha]]
* [[Roy D. Bridges Jr.]] (ascent CAPCOM)
* [[Guy Gardner (astronaut)|Guy Gardner]]
* [[Terry Hart]]
* [[Jon McBride]]
* [[Bryan D. O'Connor]] (entry CAPCOM)

=== Crew seat assignments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Seat<ref>{{cite web |title=STS-7 |url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-7.htm |access-date=February 26, 2014 |publisher=Spacefacts}}</ref>
! Launch
! Landing
|rowspan=8| [[File:Space Shuttle seating plan.svg|150px]]<br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
|-
! 1
|colspan=2| Crippen
|-
! 2
|colspan=2| Hauck
|-
! 3
|Fabian
|Thagard
|-
! 4
|colspan=2| Ride
|-
! 5
|Thagard
|Fabian
|-
! 6
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 7
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|}

== Mission summary ==
{{verify section|find=STS-7|date=June 2024}}
STS-7 began on June 18, 1983, with an on-time liftoff at 7:33:00&nbsp;a.m.{{nbsp}}[[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]. It was the first spaceflight of an American woman (Ride), the largest crew to fly in a single spacecraft up to that time (five people), and the first flight that included members of NASA's [[NASA Astronaut Group 8|Group 8 astronaut class]], which had been selected in 1978 to fly the Space Shuttle. [[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]] also sent his personal favorite [[Jelly Belly]] [[jelly bean]]s with the astronauts, making them the first jelly beans in space. The crew had already eaten lunch with the president at the [[White House]] on June 1, the first time that a crew did so before launch rather than after.<ref name="Sherr2014">{{cite book |last1=Sherr |first1=Lynn |title=Sally Ride: America's First Woman in Space |date=2014 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-4767-2578-9 |location=New York |oclc=885483468 |author1-link=Lynn Sherr}}</ref>{{pn|date=June 2024}}

The crew of STS-7 included Robert Crippen, commander, making his second Shuttle flight; Frederick Hauck, pilot; and Sally Ride, John M. Fabian and Norman Thagard, all mission specialists. Thagard conducted medical tests concerning [[Space adaptation syndrome]], a bout of [[nausea]] frequently experienced by astronauts during the early phase of a space flight.

Two [[communications satellite]]s – [[Anik (satellite)|Anik C2]] for [[Telesat]] of [[Canada]], and [[Palapa|Palapa B1]] for [[Indonesia]] – were successfully deployed during the first two days of the mission; both were Hughes-built HS-376-series satellites. The mission also carried the first [[Shuttle pallet satellite]] (SPAS-1), which was built by the [[West Germany|West German]] aerospace firm [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] (MBB). SPAS-1 was unique in that it was designed to operate in the payload bay or be deployed by the Remote Manipulator System ([[Canadarm]]) as a free-flying satellite. It carried 10 experiments to study formation of [[Alloy|metal alloys]] in [[Micro-g environment|microgravity]], the operation of heat pipes, instruments for [[remote sensing]] observations, and a [[mass spectrometer]] to identify various gases in the payload bay. It was deployed by the Canadarm and flew alongside and over ''Challenger'' for several hours, performing various maneuvers, while a U.S.-supplied camera mounted on SPAS-1 took pictures of the orbiter. The Canadarm later grappled the pallet and returned it to the payload bay.

STS-7 also carried seven [[Getaway Special]] (GAS) canisters, which contained a wide variety of experiments, as well as the OSTA-2 payload, a joint U.S.-West Germany scientific pallet payload. Finally, the orbiter's [[Ku band|Ku-band]] antenna was able to relay data through the [[U.S. tracking and data relay satellite]] (TDRS) to a ground terminal for the first time.

STS-7 was scheduled to make the first orbiter landing at Kennedy Space Center's then-new [[Shuttle Landing Facility]] (SLF).<ref name="Detour">{{Cite news |date=1983-06-25 |title=Detour no big setback for shuttle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/green-bay-press-gazette-sally-ride-1983/127064938/?locale=en-AU |access-date=2024-10-31 |work=Green Bay Press-Gazette |pages=A1–A2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Unacceptable weather forced a change to Runway{{nbsp}}15 at Edwards Air Force Base. The landing took place on June 24, 1983, at 06:56:59{{nbsp}}a.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]]. The mission lasted 6{{nbsp}}days, 2{{nbsp}}hours, 23{{nbsp}}minutes, and 59{{nbsp}}seconds, and covered about {{cvt|3570000|km}} during 97{{nbsp}}orbits of the [[Earth]]. ''Challenger'' was returned to KSC on June 29, 1983.

== Incidents ==
[[File:ET6 Foam Loss.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|External Tank serial number 6 after jettison from ''Challenger'' on June 18, 1983. The arrow indicates the white area on the left bipod ramp where foam had broken off.]]
STS-7 experienced the first known [[Space Shuttle external tank]] (ET) bipod ramp foam shedding event during launch. This was the root cause of the eventual loss of ''Columbia'' during [[STS-107]] almost two decades later. While ''Challenger'' was on-orbit, one of its windows was damaged non-critically by [[space debris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/photogallery/photogallery.html |title=Orbital Debris Photo Gallery|publisher=NASA|access-date=August 12, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527094913/http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/photogallery/photogallery.html|archive-date=May 27, 2010}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission insignia ==
The seven white stars in the black field of the mission patch, as well as the arm extending from the orbiter in the shape of a 7, indicate the flight's numerical designation in the [[Space Transportation System]]'s mission sequence. The five-armed symbol on the right side illustrates the four male/one female crew.

== Wake-up calls ==
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the [[Project Gemini]], and first used music to wake up a flight crew during [[Apollo 15]]. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<ref name="chronology">{{cite news|first=Colin|last=Fries|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls|date=June 25, 2007|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|access-date=August 13, 2007|archive-date=December 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220093919/https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Flight Day
! Song
! Artist/Composer
! Played for
|-
| Day 2
| "[[Aggie War Hymn]]"/"[[University of Texas Fight Song]]"
| [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]]/[[University of Texas band]]
| [[Bob Crippen]]{{efn|Crippen was a graduate of the [[University of Texas]]; the song of their rivals, [[Texas A&M]], was played as a joke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sts-7.html|title=STS-7|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>}}
|-
| Day 3
| "[[Aggie War Hymn]]"/"[[Tufts Tonia's Day]]"
| [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]]/[[The Tufts University Beelzebubs]]
| [[Rick Hauck]]
|-
| Day 4
|Medley: "[[Aggie War Hymn]]"/"[[Reveille]]"/"[[When You're Smiling]]"
| [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]]/Unknown/Dr. Howard E. Cleave
| [[Mary L. Cleave]]{{efn|Cleave was the [[Flight controller#CAPCOM|CAPCOM]] for STS-7. "When You're Smiling" was sung by her father.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFRODwAAQBAJ&dq=%22mary+cleave%22%22When+You%27re+Smiling%22&pg=PA13|title=Houston We Have a Wake-up Call|first=Michelle|last=Graye|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781257805525 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/06/21/Wake-up-time-aboard-the-space-shuttle-Challenger-today-turned/7405425016000/|title=Wake-up time aboard the space shuttle Challenger today turned... - UPI Archives|website=UPI}}</ref>}} 
|-
| Day 5
| "[[Washington State University Cougar Fight Song]]"
| [[Washington State University Band]]
| [[John Fabian]]
|-
| Day 6
| "[[Stanford Hymn]]"
| [[Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band]]
| [[Sally Ride]]
|-
| Day 7
| "[[Florida State University Fight Song]]"
| [[Florida State University Marching Chiefs]]
| [[Norm Thagard]]
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Challenger launch on STS-7.jpg|The second launch of ''Challenger''
Image:STS-7 PALABA-B1 deploy.jpg|Deployment of Palapa B1
Image:STS-7 Anik C2 deployment.jpg|Deployment of Anik C2
Image:Space debris impact on Space Shuttle window.jpg|Window pit caused by impact of [[space debris]]
Image:STS-7 SPAS-1.jpg|SPAS-1 grappled by the Canadarm
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of human spaceflights]]
* [[List of Space Shuttle missions]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-7.html STS-7 mission summary] NASA
* [https://space.nss.org/space-shuttle-flight-7-video/ STS-7 video highlights] NSS
* [https://texasarchive.org/2019_01218 Interview with Sally Ride and STS-7 mission footage] Texas Archive of the Moving Image

{{Space Shuttle Challenger}}
{{All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions}}
{{Orbital launches in 1983}}

[[Category:Space Shuttle missions]]
[[Category:Edwards Air Force Base]]
[[Category:1983 in Florida]]
[[Category:1983 in California]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1983]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1983]]
[[Category:June 1983]]
[[Category:Sally Ride]]