Editing STS-88

{{Short description|First Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = STS-88
| names_list         = [[Space Transportation System]]-88
| image              = S99 03776.jpg
| image_caption      = ''Endeavour''{{'s}} Canadarm positions ''Zarya'' above ''Unity'', immediately prior to mating
| insignia           = Sts-88-patch.svg
| spacecraft         = {{OV|105}}
| mission_type       = [[International Space Station|ISS]] assembly
| operator           = [[NASA]]
| COSPAR_ID          = <!-- Wikidata -->
| SATCAT             = <!-- Wikidata -->
| orbits_completed   = 186
| distance_travelled = {{convert|7600000|km|mi|sp=us}}
| mission_duration   = 11 days, 19 hours, 18 minutes, 47 seconds.
| launch_mass        = {{convert|263927|lbs|kg|order=flip}}
| landing_mass       = {{convert|200296|lbs|kg|order=flip}}
| payload_mass       = 
| launch_site        = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| launch_date        = {{Start date text|4 December 1998, 08:35:34|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="launch">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-02.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 2 |access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA}}</ref>
| landing_date       = {{End date text|16 December 1998, 03:53|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| landing_site       = Kennedy, [[Shuttle Landing Facility|SLF&nbsp;Runway&nbsp;15]]
| crew_size          = 6
| crew_members       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Robert D. Cabana]]|[[Frederick W. Sturckow]]|[[Jerry L. Ross]]|[[Nancy J. Currie]]|[[James H. Newman]]|[[Sergei K. Krikalev]]}}
| crew_photo         = STS-88 crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = Left to right – Front: Krikalev, Currie; Back: Ross, Cabana, Sturckow, Newman
| docking            = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
   |docking_target      = [[International Space Station|ISS]]
   |docking_type        = dock
   |docking_port        = ''[[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]]''&nbsp;forward<br/><small>(via [[PMA-2]], [[Unity (ISS module)|Unity]] and [[PMA-1]])</small>
   |capture_date        = 
   |docking_date        = 7 December 1998, 02:07 UTC
   |undocking_date      = 13 December 1998, 20:24 UTC
   |time_docked         = 6 days, 18 hours 17 minutes
 }}
| apsis              = gee
| orbit_epoch        = 
| orbit_reference    = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime       = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_periapsis    = {{convert|241|mi|km|order=flip}}
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{convert|249|mi|km|order=flip}}
| orbit_period       = 92.4 minutes
| orbit_inclination  = 51.6 degrees
| programme          = [[Space Shuttle program]]
| previous_mission   = [[STS-95]] (92)
| next_mission       = [[STS-96]] (94)
}}

'''STS-88''' was the first [[Space Shuttle]] mission to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS). It was flown by Space Shuttle [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']], and took the first American module, the [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'' node]], to the station.<ref name="sts-88">{{Cite web|url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/mission-sts-88.html|title=STS-88 (93)|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=6 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606073849/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/mission-sts-88.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The seven-day mission was highlighted by the mating of the U.S.-built ''Unity'' node to the [[Zarya (ISS module)|Functional Cargo Block]] (''Zarya'' module) already in orbit, and three spacewalks to connect power and data transmission cables between the Node and the FGB. ''Zarya'', built by Boeing and the [[Russian Space Agency]], was launched on a Russian [[Proton (rocket)|Proton rocket]] from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in Kazakhstan in November 1998.<ref name="launch"/>

Other payloads on the STS-88 mission included the IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC), the Argentine Scientific Applications Satellite-S (SAC-A), the MightySat 1 Hitchhiker payload, the Space Experiment Module (SEM-07) and [[Getaway Special]] G-093 sponsored by the [[University of Michigan]].<ref name="icbc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-88/payload19.htm|title=IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC)|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=[[Boeing]]/[[NASA]]/[[United Space Alliance]]|year=1998|author=shuttlepresskit.com}}</ref>

==Crew==
{{Spaceflight crew
|terminology       = Astronaut
|position1         = Commander
|crew1_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert D. Cabana]]
|flights1_up       = Fourth and last
|position2         = Pilot
|crew2_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Frederick W. Sturckow]]
|flights2_up       = First
|position3         = Mission Specialist 1
|crew3_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jerry L. Ross]]
|flights3_up       = Sixth
|position4         = Mission Specialist 2<br>Flight Engineer
|crew4_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Nancy J. Currie]]
|flights4_up       = Third
|position5         = Mission Specialist 3
|crew5_up          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[James H. Newman]]
|flights5_up       = Third
|position6         = Mission Specialist 4
|crew6_up          = {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergei K. Krikalev]]
|flights6_up       = Fourth
|agency6_up        = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RKA]]
}}

===Launch attempts===
{{LaunchAttempt
| date1           = 1998-12-03 03:58:19
| result1         = Scrubbed
| reason1         = Technical
| decision_date1  = 1998-12-03 04:03:19
| decision_clock1 = −00:00:19
| weathergo1      = 40
| notes1          = Master alarm due to hydraulic problem.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harwood |first=William |date=3 December 1998 |title=Update: Shuttle launch delayed to Friday |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/STS-88_Archive.txt |access-date=30 August 2009 |work=CBS News}}</ref>
| date2           = 1998-12-04 03:35:34
| result2         = Success
| weathergo2      = 60<ref>{{cite news |last=Harwood |first=William |date=3 December 1998 |title=Update: Shuttle fueled for second launch attempt |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/STS-88_Archive.txt |access-date=30 August 2009 |work=CBS News}}</ref>
}}

=== Crew seat assignments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Seat<ref name="sfde_sts88">{{cite web|title=STS-88|url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-88.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>
! Launch
! Landing
|rowspan=8| [[File:Space Shuttle seating plan.svg|150px]]<br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
|-
! 1
|colspan=2| Cabana
|-
! 2
|colspan=2| Sturckow
|-
! 3
| Ross
| Newman
|-
! 4
|colspan=2| Currie-Gregg
|-
! 5
| Newman
| Ross
|-
! 6
|colspan=2| Krikalev
|-
! 7
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|}
==Mission highlights==
[[File:STS-88 launches.jpg|thumb|left|STS-88 launches from Kennedy Space Center, 4 December 1998.]]
[[File:Sts088-703-019e.jpg|thumb|The ISS after STS-88 construction.]]
[[File:ISSafterSTS88.jpg|thumb|Illustration of the International Space Station after STS-88.]]
Node 1, named ''Unity'', was the first space station hardware delivered by the [[Space Shuttle]]. It has two [[Pressurized Mating Adapter]]s (PMA), one attached to either end. One PMA (PMA-1) is permanently mated to ''Zarya'', and the other (PMA-2) is used for orbiter dockings and crew access to the station. ''Unity'' also contains an International Standard Payload Rack used to support on-orbit activities, which was activated after the fifth Shuttle/Station assembly flight.<ref name="launch"/>

To begin the assembly sequence, the crew conducted a series of rendezvous maneuvers similar to those conducted on other Shuttle missions to reach the orbiting FGB. On the way, Currie used the Shuttle's robot arm to place Node 1 atop the Orbiter Docking System.<ref name="FD3Highlights"/><ref name="SR6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-06.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 6|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811040905/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-06.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cabana completed the rendezvous by flying ''Endeavour'' to within {{convert|10|m}} of the FGB, allowing Currie to capture the FGB with the robot arm and place it on the Node's Pressurized Mating Adapter.<ref name="SR9">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-09.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 9|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811033952/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-09.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Once the two elements were docked, Ross and Newman conducted two scheduled spacewalks to connect power and data cables between the Node, PMAs and the FGB.<ref name="FD5Highlights"/> The day following the spacewalks, ''Endeavour'' undocked from the two components, completing the first Space Station assembly mission.<ref name="SR10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-10.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 10|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811032911/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SR13">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-13.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 13|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811040910/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-13.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Endeavour'''s astronauts toured the new International Space Station on Thursday, 10 December 1998, entering the ''Unity'' and ''Zarya'' modules for the first time, and establishing an S-band communications system that enables U.S. flight controllers to monitor the outpost's systems.<ref name="FD8Highlights"/><ref name="SR17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-17.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 17|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA|archive-date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811041459/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-17.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Reflecting the international cooperation involved in building the largest space complex in history, Commander [[Robert Cabana]] and Russian Cosmonaut [[Sergei Krikalev]] opened the hatch to the U.S.-built Unity connecting module and floated into the new station together.<ref name="SR17"/>

The rest of the crew followed and began turning on lights and unstowing gear in the roomy hub to which other modules would be connected in the future. Each passageway within ''Unity'' was marked by a sign leading the way into tunnels to which new modules would later be connected.<ref name="SR17"/>

About an hour later, [[Robert Cabana]] and [[Sergei Krikalev]] opened the hatch to the Russian-built [[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]] control module, which was the nerve center for the station in its embryonic stage. Joined by Pilot [[Frederick Sturckow]] and Mission Specialists [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]], [[James H. Newman]] and [[Nancy Currie]], Cabana and Krikalev hailed the historic entrance into the International Space Station and said the hatch opening signified the start of a new era in space exploration.<ref name="SR17"/>

[[File:STS-88 landing.jpg|thumb|left|STS-88 lands at the [[Shuttle Landing Facility]], 15 December 1998.]]

Ross and Newman went right to work in ''Unity'', completing the assembly of an early S-band communications system that allows flight controllers in [[Houston]] to send commands to ''Unity''{{'}}s systems and to keep tabs on the health of the station with a more extensive communications capability than exists through Russian ground stations.<ref name="SR17"/> The astronauts also conducted a successful test of the videoconferencing capability of the early communications system, which was used by the first crew to permanently occupy the station in November 2000 ([[Expedition 1]]). Newman downlinked greetings to controllers in the station flight control room in Houston and to astronaut [[William Shepherd|Bill Shepherd]], who commanded the first crew and lived aboard the station with Krikalev and Cosmonaut [[Yuri Gidzenko]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Krikalev and Currie replaced a faulty unit in ''Zarya'' which controlled the discharging of stored energy from one of the module's six batteries. The battery had not been working properly in its automatic configuration, but the new unit was functioning normally shortly after it was installed.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

The astronauts also unstowed hardware and logistical supplies stored behind panels in ''Zarya'', relocating the items for use by the Shuttle crew that was to visit the station in May 1999 and by Shepherd's expedition crew. The astronauts also completed their initial outfitting of the station.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

The hatches to ''Zarya'' and ''[[Unity (ISS module)|Unity]]'' were closed before ''Endeavour'' undocked from the new station, leaving the new complex to orbit the Earth unpiloted.<ref name="SR18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-88/STS-88-18.html|title=STS-88 Mission Control Center Status Report # 18|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=1998|author=NASA}}</ref>

==Mission timeline==

===Launch preparations===
At 12:15&nbsp;am [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]] on Monday, 23 June 1997, an [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] [[C-5 Galaxy|C-5]] air cargo plane arrived at the [[Shuttle Landing Facility]] carrying [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] (Node 1).<ref name="UnityAtKSC">{{cite web |url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/release/1997/93-97.htm |title=KSC Release No. 93-97 |author=NASA/George H. Diller |date=19 June 1997 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528083519/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/release/1997/93-97.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 February 1998, [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] was towed to [[Orbiter Processing Facility]] Bay 1.<ref name="EndeavourToOPF">{{cite web |url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/feb/2-02-98s.htm |title=2 February 1998 Space Shuttle Status Report |author=NASA/KSC Public Affairs |date=2 February 1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=29 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528083435/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/feb/2-02-98s.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 15 October 1998, ''Endeavour'' was moved from Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 1 to the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]].<ref name="EndeavourToVAB">{{cite web |url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/oct/10-15-98.htm |title=15 October 1998 Space Shuttle Status Report |author=NASA/KSC Public Affairs |date=15 October 1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528083215/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/oct/10-15-98.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 21 October 1998, ''Endeavour'' was transported atop the [[Crawler-transporter|Crawler Transporter]] to [[Kennedy Space Center]]'s [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|Launch Pad 39A]].<ref name="EndeavourTo39A">{{cite web |url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/oct/10-21-98.htm |title=21 October 1998 Space Shuttle Status Report |author=NASA/KSC Public Affairs |date=21 October 1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528083318/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/1998/oct/10-21-98.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===3–4 December (Flight Day 1, Launch)===
[[Space Shuttle]] [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] launched at 3:35:34&nbsp;am [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]] from the [[Kennedy Space Center]]'s [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|Launch Pad 39A]]. STS-88 was the first shuttle flight to the [[International Space Station]]. After launch, the crew opened the shuttle's payload bay doors, deployed the [[Ku-Band]] [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]], and activated the shuttle's Hitchhiker payload. The crew also started preparing for the multiple engine firings that will be performed to bring shuttle ''Endeavour'' within the [[Shuttle Remote Manipulator System]]'s reach of the [[Zarya (ISS module)|''Zarya FGB'']]. At launch, ''Zarya'' was 240 statute miles above the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and the module was on its 222nd orbit of the Earth since its launch.<ref name="FD1Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-01-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 1 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012252/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-01-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===4 December (Flight Day 2)===
On Flight Day 2, the crew of [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] performed several tasks to get ready for the docking on Sunday and the [[Extra-vehicular activity|extra-vehicular activities]] (EVA) to be completed on the mission. [[Nancy J. Currie|Nancy Currie]] conducted a photo survey of [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] and ''Endeavour'''s payload bay, using the shuttle's robotic arm, [[Shuttle Remote Manipulator System|Canadarm]]. [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] checked out the spacesuits they would use on the three EVAs and prepared the shuttle's [[airlock]] for use during the spacewalks. [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Rick Sturckow]], who would be choreographing the EVAs from inside the shuttle, joined Ross and Newman to check out the [[Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue|SAFER]] units to be worn during the spacewalks in case Ross or Newman were to become separated from ''Endeavour'' during one of the spacewalks.<ref name="FD2Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-02-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 2 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012900/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-02-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===5 December (Flight Day 3)===
On Flight Day 3, [[Nancy J. Currie|Currie]] used [[Shuttle Remote Manipulator System|Canadarm]] to grapple and place [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] onto the [[Androgynous Peripheral Attach System|Orbiter Docking System]] at 6:45&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]. The crew pressurized [[Pressurized Mating Adapter#PMA-2|PMA-2]] and entered it. They put several caps over vent valves to prepare for the entrance into ''Unity'' later in the week. Commander [[Robert D. Cabana|Bob Cabana]] performed a debris avoidance maneuver to move ''Endeavour'' out of the way of a casing from a [[Delta II]] rocket that launched on 6 November from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]] in California.<ref name="FD3Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-03-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 3 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=19 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219194307/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-03-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===6 December (Flight Day 4, Docking with Zarya)===
On Flight Day 4, [[Robert D. Cabana|Bob Cabana]] fired [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']]'s rockets several times to maneuver the shuttle within [[Shuttle Remote Manipulator System|Canadarm]]'s reach of the [[Zarya (ISS module)|''Zarya'' FGB]]. At 6:47&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], [[Nancy J. Currie|Currie]] grappled ''Zarya''. Later, at 9:07&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], Cabana fired ''Endeavour'''s downward jets to bring the two modules together.<ref name="FD4Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-04-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 4 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012138/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-04-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===7 December (Flight Day 5, EVA 1)===
During a 7-hour, 21-minute [[Extra-vehicular activity|spacewalk]], astronauts [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] helped activate the [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'' node]], the first module to the U.S. segment of the [[International Space Station]]. They connected 40 connectors and cables running along the 35-ton, {{convert|76|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} space station. At 10:49&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], flight controllers in Houston saw ''Unity'''s systems come on.<ref name="FD5Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-05-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 5 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=17 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917074716/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-05-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===8 December (Flight Day 6)===
On the 6th day of ''Endeavour''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s STS-88 mission, Mission Specialists [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] relaxed after their long spacewalk on Flight Day 5. Ross, Newman, [[Nancy J. Currie|Nancy Currie]], and [[Sergei Krikalev]] prepared equipment for Flight Day 7's EVA. Commander [[Robert D. Cabana|Bob Cabana]] and Pilot [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Rick Sturckow]] fired ''Endeavour'''s main reaction control system jets for 22 minutes to raise the [[International Space Station|ISS]] approximately 5{{frac|1|2}} statute miles. The crew conducted interviews with [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], [[Discovery Channel]], and [[MSNBC]].<ref name="FD6Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-06-highlights.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010205090500/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-06-highlights.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2001 |title=STS-88 Day 6 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 }}</ref>

===9 December (Flight Day 7, EVA 2)===
At 3:33&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], Mission Specialists [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] commenced on a 7-hour, 2-minute [[Extra-vehicular Activity|EVA]] to continue the installation of [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']]. The two spacewalkers first installed two antennas on the outside of ''Unity''. The astronauts also removed launch restraint pins on the four radial [[Common Berthing Mechanism|common berthing mechanisms]] of ''Unity''. They installed covers on ''Unity'''s two data relay boxes to protect them from sunlight. Lastly, Newman freed a backup rendezvous system antenna on the [[Zarya (ISS module)|''Zarya FGB'']].<ref name="FD7Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-07-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 7 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=17 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917074911/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-07-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===10 December (Flight Day 8, Entrance into the ISS)===
Flight Day 8 was a historic day as the [[International Space Station]] was opened for the first time on orbit. At 2:54&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], Commander [[Robert D. Cabana|Bob Cabana]] and [[Russia]]n [[Cosmonaut]] [[Sergei Krikalev]] opened the hatch to the [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'' Node]] of the new International Space Station. The other members of the crew started unstowing gear and turning on the lights. At 4:12&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], Cabana and Krikalev opened the hatch into ''[[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]]''. [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] assembled a S-band communications system in ''Unity'', and Krikalev and [[Nancy J. Currie|Nancy Currie]] replaced a problematic battery discharging unit in ''Zarya''.<ref name="FD8Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-08-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 8 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=17 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917074902/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-08-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===11 December (Flight Day 9)===
On Flight Day 9, Pilot [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Rick Sturckow]] and Mission Specialist [[Nancy J. Currie|Nancy Currie]] continued unstowing hardware in [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']]. After turning off the lights, the crew later closed the hatches to ''[[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]]'' and ''Unity''. The crew prepared for the mission's third and final spacewalk on Flight Day 10. ''Endeavour'''s crew also conducted interviews with [[CNN]] and [[CBS News]].<ref name="FD9Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-09-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 9 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012627/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-09-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===12 December (Flight Day 10, EVA 3)===
At 3:33&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], [[astronaut]]s [[Jerry L. Ross|Jerry Ross]] and [[James H. Newman|Jim Newman]] commenced on a 6-hour, 59-minute [[Extra-vehicular activity|EVA]] to finish the installation of the [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'' Node]] to ''[[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]]''. The two stowed tools on the side of ''Unity'' to prepare for the spacewalks on [[STS-96]], the next mission to the [[International Space Station|ISS]]. Ross also freed another antenna on ''Zarya'', similar to the one Newman freed on EVA-2. The spacewalkers also tested the redesigned [[Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue|SAFER]] jet packs, to be used in the event an astronaut became separated from the spacecraft during a spacewalk. After the EVA, Pilot [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Rick Sturckow]] depressurized the vestibule between ''Endeavour'' and PMA-2 to prepare for the undocking of the two spacecraft on Flight Day 11.<ref name="FD10Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-10-highlights.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010205091500/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-10-highlights.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2001 |title=STS-88 Day 10 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 }}</ref>

===13 December (Flight Day 11, Undocking)===
On Flight Day 11, [[Space Shuttle]] ''Endeavour'' undocked from the [[International Space Station]]. At 3:25&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], Pilot [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Rick Sturckow]] backed ''Endeavour'' {{convert|450|ft|m}} away from the station and started a nose-forward fly-around of the station, so that the crew could take pictures of the space station. At 4:49&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], [[Frederick W. Sturckow|Sturckow]] performed a final separation burn. Later, the crew deployed SAC-A, a small satellite for the [[Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales|Argentinean National Commission of Space Activities]].<ref name="FD11Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-11-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 11 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012219/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-11-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===14 December (Flight Day 12)===
On the last full day on orbit, the crew deployed a small [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] [[satellite]] called [[MightySat-1]]. The crew tested the orbiter's aerosurfaces and steering jets to be used on landing day and stowed equipment.<ref name="FD12Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-12-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 12 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827012939/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-12-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===15 December (Flight Day 13, Landing)===
Flight Day 13 was landing day for [[Space Shuttle]] ''[[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Endeavour]]'' and its crew of six. At 7:07&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], the orbiter's payload bay doors were closed for entry. [[Flight Director]] John Shannon gave the go for the crew to fire the [[Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System|orbital maneuvering system engines]] for the deorbit burn at 9:46&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]] so that ''Endeavour'' could slow down to enter the [[Earth]]'s atmosphere. At 10:54&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]], ''Endeavour'' and crew landed on the [[Kennedy Space Center]]'s Runway 15. ''Endeavour'' wrapped up a 4.7&nbsp;million mile mission, and the first to the [[International Space Station]].<ref name="FD13Highlights">{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-13-highlights.html |title=STS-88 Day 13 Highlights |author=NASA |year=1998 |publisher=NASA |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827013026/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/sts-88-day-13-highlights.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Extra-vehicular activity==

Three [[extra-vehicular activity]] (EVA) spacewalks were scheduled and completed during STS-88.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! width="5%"|
! width="20%"|'''Spacewalkers'''
! width="9%"|'''Start ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])'''
! width="9%"|'''End ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])'''
! width="15%"|'''Duration'''
! width="42%"|'''Mission'''
|-
|-
| EVA 1
| [[Jerry L. Ross]]<br />[[James H. Newman]]
| 7 December 1998<br>22:10
| 8 December 1998<br>05:31
| 7 hours, 21 minutes
| Began ''Unity'' installation.
|-
| EVA 2
| Ross<br />Newman
| 9 December 1998<br>20:33
| 10 December 1998<br>03:35
| 7 hours, 02 minutes
| Continued ''Unity'' installation.
|-
| EVA 3
| Ross<br />Newman
| 12 December 1998<br>20:33
| 13 December 1998<br>03:32
| 6 hours, 59 minutes
| Completion of ''Unity'' installation.
|}

==Wake-up calls==
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the [[Gemini program]], and first used music to wake up a flight crew during [[Apollo 15]].
Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<ref name="chronology">{{cite news|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls| date=2 August 2005|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup.htm|page=42}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Flight Day
! Song
! Artist
! Played for
|-
| Day 2
| "[[Get Ready (The Temptations song)|Get Ready]]"
| [[The Temptations]]
| 
|-
| Day 3
| "[[Anchors Aweigh]]"
| [[Charles A. Zimmermann]]
| 
|-
| Day 4
| "[[Over the Rainbow]]"
| [[Judy Garland]]
| [[Robert D. Cabana]]
|-
| Day 5
| "Jerry the Rigger"
| old Celtic song
| [[Jerry L. Ross]]
|-
| Day 6
| "[[Streets of Bakersfield]]"
| [[Dwight Yoakam]]
| [[Frederick W. Sturckow]]
|-
| Day 7
| "Floating in the Bathtub"
| 
| [[James H. Newman]]
|-
| Day 8
| "[[God Bless the U.S.A.]]"
| [[Lee Greenwood]]
| [[Nancy J. Currie-Gregg]]
|-
| Day 9
| "[[Trepak (The Nutcracker)|Trepak]]"
| [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
| [[Sergei Krikalev]]
|-
| Day 10
| "[[Hound Dog (song)|Hound Dog]]"
| [[Elvis Presley]]
| 
|-
| Day 11
| "[[Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite]]"
| [[The Spaniels]]
| 
|-
| Day 12
| "[[I Got You (I Feel Good)]]"
| [[James Brown]]
| "In honor of the good feelings evoked by this successful first International Space Station Assembly mission."
|-
| Day 13
| "[[Ride of the Valkyries]]"
| [[Richard Wagner]]
| 
|}

==Media==
<gallery class="center" widths="320px">
File:STS-88 launch.ogv|STS-88 launches from KSC (7 mins 59 secs)
File:STS-88 EVA 1 video highlights.ogv|Highlights from the first spacewalk (4 mins 59 secs)
File:SAC-A Animación 2.webm|The SAC-A satellite after deployment from the Shuttle
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[[List of human spaceflights]]
*[[List of International Space Station spacewalks]]
*[[List of Space Shuttle missions]]
*[[List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999]]
*[[Outline of space science]]
*[[Space Shuttle]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}
* [http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/mission-sts-88.html NASA mission summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606073849/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-88/mission-sts-88.html |date=6 June 2011 }}
* [http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle93.htm STS-88 Video Highlights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715083826/http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle93.htm |date=15 July 2014 }}

{{Crewed ISS flights}}
{{Space Shuttle Endeavour}}
{{All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions}}
{{Orbital launches in 1998}}

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