Editing Sa'dabad Complex

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Saadabad Complex
| native_name = {{lang|fa|Majmue Saadābād}}
| image = Mellat Palace Museum 02.jpg
| image_caption = The White Palace
| map_type = Iran Tehran
| map_caption = Location in Tehran
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q1969012|region:IR_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| location_town = [[Tehran]]
| location_country = Iran
| address = [[Darband (Tehran)|Darband]], [[Zafaraniyeh]], [[Tajrish]], [[Valiasr Street]]
| current_tenants = [[President of Iran]]
| architect = [[Hossein Behzad]]
| client = 
| engineer = 
| construction_start_date = 1921
| date_demolished = 
| cost = 
| structural_system = 
| style = [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]
| size = 
}}
The '''Sa'dabad Complex''' ({{langx|fa|مجموعه سعدآباد|translit=Majmue Saadābād}}) is an 80 hectare complex built by the [[Qajar]] and [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi]] monarchs, located in [[Shemiran]], [[Greater Tehran]], Iran. Today, the official residence of the [[President of Iran]] is located adjacent to the complex.

The complex includes natural forest, streets, [[qanat]]s, galleries, mansions/palaces and museums.

==History==
The complex was initially built and inhabited in the 19th century by the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar shahs]]. After extensive expansions, [[Reza Shah]] of the [[Pahlavi dynasty]] resided there from the 1920s until his exile in 1941. His son, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Mohammad Reza Shah]], moved there in the 1970s. In 1978, President [[Jimmy Carter]] stayed in the palace during a visit to Iran to guarantee U.S. support for the regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=N.W. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1255527666 |title=Grey wars : a contemporary history of U.S. special operations |date=2021 |isbn=978-0-300-25834-9 |location=New Haven |oclc=1255527666 }}</ref> After the [[1979 Revolution]], the complex became a public museum.

==Present use==
Large parts of the complex are museums, which are accessible to visitors. Other parts are currently used by the [[President of Iran|Office of the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran]]. The complex is operated by the [[Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran]].

==Sites==
===Gates to the complex===
* Nezamie Gate, from which [[Reza Shah]] would enter the complex.
* Zaferanie Gate, Currently used by the presidency organization.
* Gate of Darband Street, from which [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Mohammad Reza Shah]] would enter the complex.
* Gate of Darband Square
* Ja'far Abad Gate (1st)
* Ja'far Abad Gate (2nd)
* River Gate
* The White House Gate

===Main buildings===
[[File:Sad Abad Ceiling.jpg|thumb|Depictions of [[Persian mythology]] in the ''White Palace''.]]
[[File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafshs (2).jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Arash|Arash the Archer]]]]
* ''[[Ahmad Shah Qajar]] Palace''
::{{small|(not to be confused with the ''[[Ahmad Shahi Pavilion|Pavilion of Ahmad Shah Qajar]]'' in the [[Niavaran Complex]])}}
* ''The Green Palace''
::{{small|(also known as the ''Shahvand House'')}}
* The Mellat Museum

::''The White Palace'', former official residence of Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Mohammad Reza Shah]] and [[Farah Pahlavi|Shahbanu Farah]].
* Museum of Natural History

::''The Special Palace'', currently used by the presidency organization.
* Museum of Fine Arts

::''The Black Palace''
* Museum of Anthropology

::''Princess Shams' Palace'', named after [[Shams Pahlavi]].
* Museum of Glassware and Handicrafts

::''Princess Ashraf's Palace'', named after [[Ashraf Pahlavi]].
* Building of the Amendment 36 (a governmental agency)

::''Prince Gholam Reza's Palace'', named after [[Gholam Reza Pahlavi]].
* ''Palace'' ''of the King's Mother''
::Currently used by the presidency organization.
* ''Prince Ahmad Reza's Palace'', named after [[Ahmad Reza Pahlavi]].
::Currently used by the presidency organization.
* Administration of the complex

::''Prince Abdol Reza's Palace'', named after [[Abdul Reza Pahlavi]].
* The Training Center

::''Prince Bahman's Palace'', named after [[Gholam Reza Pahlavi]]'s son.
* The Military Museum

::''Prince Shahram Palace'', named after [[Ashraf Pahlavi]]'s son.
* Museum of Artistic Creatures

::''Palace of [[Farideh Ghotbi]]'', mother of [[Farah Pahlavi|Shahbanu Farah]].
* The Behzad Museum

::''1st Palace of Reza Pahlavi'', named after [[Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran|Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi]].
* Museum of Treasure (The Dafine Museum)

::''2nd Palace of Reza Pahlavi'', currently used by the presidency organization.
* Museum of Mir Emad Calligraphy

::''Palace of Princess Farahnaz and Prince Ali Reza'', named after [[Farahnaz Pahlavi]] and [[Ali Reza Pahlavi (born 1966)|Ali Reza Pahlavi]].
* The [[Clara Abkar|Abkar]] Museum

::''Princess Leila's Palace'', named after [[Leila Pahlavi]].

== Palace of the King's Mother ==
During the Pahlavi era, this palace was the place of the last years of Reza Shah's life before his exile to Mauritius. It was also the place of residence of the king's mother ([[Tadj ol-Molouk|Taj al-Muluk]]) until the time of the 1979 Revolution. 

This palace is currently in the possession of the Presidential Institution of Iran and is reserved for special guests of the Government of Iran; and for this reason it is also famous as "The Republic Building". This palace is also currently inaccessible to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Sa'dabad Complex {{!}} A Tehran's most beautiful historical attraction! |url=https://irpersiatour.com/blog/sadabad-complex-a-tehrans-most-beautiful-historical-attraction/ |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=ir Persiatour |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607103002/https://irpersiatour.com/blog/sadabad-complex-a-tehrans-most-beautiful-historical-attraction/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== The Green Palace ==
The Green Museum Palace has been called "the most beautiful palace in Iran". This palace is important due to its historical and architectural importance. It dates back to the Qajar period and has two styles of Iranian architecture. They called this palace "The Stone Palace" during the reign of Reza Khan and "The Shahvand palace" during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; later, it was called "The Green Palace" because of its green façade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Sa'dabad Complex {{!}} A Tehran's most beautiful historical attraction! |url=https://irpersiatour.com/blog/sadabad-complex-a-tehrans-most-beautiful-historical-attraction/ |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=ir Persiatour |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607103002/https://irpersiatour.com/blog/sadabad-complex-a-tehrans-most-beautiful-historical-attraction/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== The Mellat Museum ==
The Palace of the Nation Museum with an area of 7,000 square meters is the largest palace in Sa'dabad complex. 

Until after the 1979 revolution and the transfer of the complex to the Cultural Heritage Organization, it was renamed "The Palace of the Nation Museum" (Mellat museum in Persian). The construction of the Palace, began in the late Pahlavi period.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130">
File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafshs (1).jpg|Statue of the Shah's Legs
File:Kakh-e-sabz.JPG|The Green Palace
File:White palace.JPG|The White Palace
File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۵.jpg|Princess Shams' Palace
File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۷.jpg|Prince Bahman's Palace
File:View of the saadabad palace.JPG|Side view of the Green Palace
File:Hall Mirror - Shahvand Castle 1.jpg|Mirror Hall of the Green Palace
File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafsh (172).jpg|Section of the Royal Cars
File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۴.jpg|Museum of the Royal Clothes
File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafsh (181).jpg|Section of Reza Shah's clothes
File:Sadabad Complex entrance.jpg|Sa'adabad Gate
File:20191106134346_IMG_1620.jpg|Personal desk
</gallery>
{{Panorama | image= File:Pano-shah-office-mellat-palace.jpg |height=300}}
{{Panorama | image= File:Pano-high-res-mellat-palace-ground-floor.jpg |height=220}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Iran|Architecture}}
*[[Niavaran Complex]]
*[[Treaty of Saadabad]]
*[[Pahlavi Iran]]
*[[Pahlavi dynasty]]
*[[Iranian architecture]]
*[[Presidential palace]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sa'dabad Palace}}
* [http://www.sadmu.ir/?Lang=En Official website]
* [https://irpersiatour.com/blog/sadabad-complex-a-tehrans-most-beautiful-historical-attraction/ Irprsiatour Website]

{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Tehran Province}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Qajar houses]]
[[Category:Palaces in Tehran]]
[[Category:Royal residences in Iran]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Tehran]]
[[Category:Museums in Tehran]]
[[Category:National museums of Iran]]
[[Category:Houses completed in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Persian gardens in Iran]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Iran]]
[[Category:Palaces in Iran]]